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Backports are recompiled packages from [[DebianTesting|testing]] (mostly) and [[DebianUnstable|unstable]] (in a few cases only, e.g. security updates), so they will run without new libraries (wherever it is possible) on a stable Debian distribution. It is recommended to pick out single backports which fit your needs, and not to use all backports available. | Backports是从[[DebianTesting|testing版本]] (大部分)和 [[DebianUnstable|unstable版本]] (可能性极小,例如:安全更新等)重新编译的软件包,因此他们在稳定的debian发行版中不需要新的库就可以运行(无论如何,这是可能的)。推荐你挑选一个能够满足你需求的单个的backports软件源,不要使用所有可用的backports源。 |
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This article illustrates how to: * configure your stable system to use the Backports repository * find a specific backport * install packages from the repository * have your backports upgraded automatically |
这篇文档将举例说明如何: * 配置你的稳定版系统来使用backports软件库 * 找到一个特定的backport * 从软件库安装软件包 * 让你的backports自动升级 |
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For official instructions on how to use Debian Backports, visit [[http://backports.debian.org/Instructions/]]. See also the BuildingFormalBackports page. | 关于如何使用Debian Backports的官方说明文档,请访问 [[http://backports.debian.org/说明文档/]] 。 See also the BuildingFormalBackports page. |
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If you want to create a non-official backport of a package you need, visit [[SimpleBackportCreation|the SimpleBackportCreation page]]. | 如果你想创建一个你所需软件包的非官方backport, 请访问 [[SimpleBackportCreation|the SimpleBackportCreation page]]。 |
Translation(s): English - Français - Italiano - Deutsch - Русский - 简体中文~
DebianReleases > Backports
你正在运行 Debian稳定版 因为你宁愿选择debian稳定版分支。它运行的很好,但是只有一个问题:与其他发行版相比,它的软件有一点过时了。这是backports出现的原因.
Backports是从testing版本 (大部分)和 unstable版本 (可能性极小,例如:安全更新等)重新编译的软件包,因此他们在稳定的debian发行版中不需要新的库就可以运行(无论如何,这是可能的)。推荐你挑选一个能够满足你需求的单个的backports软件源,不要使用所有可用的backports源。
这篇文档将举例说明如何:
- 配置你的稳定版系统来使用backports软件库
- 找到一个特定的backport
- 从软件库安装软件包
- 让你的backports自动升级
关于如何使用Debian Backports的官方说明文档,请访问 http://backports.debian.org/说明文档/ 。 See also the BuildingFormalBackports page.
如果你想创建一个你所需软件包的非官方backport, 请访问 the SimpleBackportCreation page。
On Sept. 5th, 2010, Backports became an official service (see announcement).
If your system is already configured to use backports.org, you may want to Migrate from backports.org to backports.debian.org.
Configuring your stable system
Adding the repository
Using Synaptic
- Open Synaptic
Go to "Settings -> Repositories":
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In the following dialog box, select the tab "Third-Party Software" and click on the "Add..." button in the lower left corner:
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Copy the repository below, then hit the "Add Source" button:
deb http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports squeeze-backports main contrib non-free
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Finally, hit the "Reload" button in Synaptic's main panel to update the repository information on your system.
Using the command line
Become root and open the file /etc/apt/sources.list in your favorite editor:
human@debian:~$ su Password: debian:/home/human# nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Add the following lines:
# Backports repository deb http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports squeeze-backports main contrib non-free
If you are a free software enthusiast, you might want to remove the contrib and non-free sections. (See Debian sections for details.)
Now that you have added the repository, update APT's cache to include the backports in the list of available packages:
debian:/home/human# aptitude update
Done.
Using backports
Finding backports
There are a several different ways to find out if a backport of a certain Debian package exists. A pretty convenient one is using Debian's web-based package search (packages.debian.org). If you are running Iceweasel, simply use the built-in search plugin (Deb Search).
Installing backports on the command line
The backports repository is deactivated by default. So, if you want to install a backported package, you will have to state that explicitly.
For example:
debian:/home/human# aptitude -t squeeze-backports install iceweasel
The -t option here specifies squeeze-backports as the target release. This would install Iceweasel 3.5 from Backports instead of version 3.0 from the Debian stable release.
FAQ
Reporting bugs
Because of limitations in the Debian Bug Tracking System, any bugs relevant to backported packages still have to be reported to the debian-backports list.
Migrate from backports.org to backports.debian.org
On Sept. 5th, 2010, Backports became an official service (see announcement).
Systems configured to use backports.org should reconfigured to use the new repository/URL (in /etc/apt/source.list*), since backports.org service will be stopped at some point.
replace backports.org with backports.debian.org in /etc/apt/source.list*.
run aptitude update
- remove the backports.org key from your keyring. Depending how you installed it...
apt-get purge debian-backports-keyring
orapt-key del 16BA136C
GnuPG archive key
Backports is now an official service residing at backports.debian.org. Previously, when the service was hosted at backports.org, users were required to install the debian-backports-keyring package in order to verify the integrity of downloaded backports before installation. This is no longer necessary.
External links
backports.debian.org for more information
Article about backports on cliss21.com: The article contains information on how to backport packages as well as some step-by-step simple examples to start with.
Diffs between lenny-backports and squeeze: A useful comparison of package versions in lenny-backports and squeeze.