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 * [http://packages.debian.org/cgi-bin/search_packages.pl?version=all&subword=0&exact=1&arch=any&releases=all&case=insensitive&keywords=sudo&searchon=names Packages].  * DebPkg:sudo

== Example ==
{{{
# /etc/sudoers
#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
# Example from http://www.lea-linux.org/cached/index/Admin-admin_env-sudo.html

# User alias specification
# ------------------------
User_Alias PPPUSERS = fred, bibi, jice, serge
User_Alias HALTUSERS = fred, bibi
User_Alias ROOT_FRIENDS = jice, serge, fred

# Host alias specification
# ------------------------
Host_Alias ICI = localhost, 192.168.1.1, ma.machine.fr
Host_Alias LABAS = www.tuxfamily.org, talk.revolink.com, 233.12.66.4
Host_Alias WWW = www*, mail*, pop*, *fr

# Runas alias specification
# -------------------------
Runsas_Alias USERPPP = pppuser, serialuser

# Cmnd alias specification
# ------------------------
Cmnd_Alias STOPPC = /sbin/halt, /sbin/reboot, !/sbin/shutdown -*, /sbin/shutdown -r, \
                       /sbin/shutdown -h
Cmnd_Alias PPPCMD = /etc/ppp/scripts/pppconnect, /etc/ppp/scripts/pppdisconnect

# User privilege specification
# ----------------------------
fred localhost = (ALL) ALL, (root) !ALL
PPPUSERS MONRESEAU = (USERPPP) NOPASSWD: /sbin/pppd, PPPCMD
john ALPHA = /usr/bin/su [!-]*, !/usr/bin/su *root*
+secretaires LOCALE = PRINTING_CMDS, /usr/sbin/adduser [A-z]*

}}}

== Troubles and tweaks ==

=== CVE-2005-4158 ===

With the fix for CVE-2005-4158: Insecure handling of PERLLIB PERL5LIB PERL5OPT environment vars, the default behaviour of handling environment variables was switched to protect against malicious local users with sudo privileges getting sudo to do more than the malcontent was given privileges to do.

 sudo (1.6.8p7-1.3) stable-security; urgency=high

  * Non-maintainer upload by the Security Team
  * Reverse the environment semantic by forcing users to maintain a whitelist [env.c, Bug#342948, CVE-2005-4158]

As a result, unless you modify your sudoers file to contain '''Defaults env_reset''', you may experiance problems using sudo like the following:

 * E138: Can’t write viminfo file $HOME/.viminfo!
 * dircolors: no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given
 * squidview: can't get your home directory, exiting

If you had more complex setups where you meant to pass through environment variables, your work around may be more complex or no longer possible.

http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=342948

["root"]


Sudo is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give limited ["root"] privileges to users and log root activity. The basic philosophy is to give as few privileges as possible but still allow people to get their work done.

Example

# /etc/sudoers
#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
# Example from http://www.lea-linux.org/cached/index/Admin-admin_env-sudo.html

# User alias specification
# ------------------------
User_Alias    PPPUSERS = fred, bibi, jice, serge 
User_Alias    HALTUSERS = fred, bibi 
User_Alias    ROOT_FRIENDS = jice, serge, fred

# Host alias specification
# ------------------------
Host_Alias    ICI = localhost, 192.168.1.1, ma.machine.fr 
Host_Alias    LABAS = www.tuxfamily.org, talk.revolink.com, 233.12.66.4 
Host_Alias    WWW = www*, mail*, pop*, *fr

# Runas alias specification
# -------------------------
Runsas_Alias    USERPPP = pppuser, serialuser

# Cmnd alias specification
# ------------------------
Cmnd_Alias    STOPPC = /sbin/halt, /sbin/reboot,  !/sbin/shutdown -*, /sbin/shutdown -r, \
                       /sbin/shutdown -h 
Cmnd_Alias    PPPCMD = /etc/ppp/scripts/pppconnect, /etc/ppp/scripts/pppdisconnect

# User privilege specification
# ----------------------------
fred           localhost = (ALL) ALL, (root) !ALL
PPPUSERS       MONRESEAU = (USERPPP) NOPASSWD: /sbin/pppd, PPPCMD
john           ALPHA     = /usr/bin/su [!-]*, !/usr/bin/su *root*
+secretaires   LOCALE    = PRINTING_CMDS, /usr/sbin/adduser [A-z]*

Troubles and tweaks

CVE-2005-4158

With the fix for CVE-2005-4158: Insecure handling of PERLLIB PERL5LIB PERL5OPT environment vars, the default behaviour of handling environment variables was switched to protect against malicious local users with sudo privileges getting sudo to do more than the malcontent was given privileges to do.

  • sudo (1.6.8p7-1.3) stable-security; urgency=high
    • Non-maintainer upload by the Security Team
    • Reverse the environment semantic by forcing users to maintain a whitelist [env.c, Bug#342948, CVE-2005-4158]

As a result, unless you modify your sudoers file to contain Defaults env_reset, you may experiance problems using sudo like the following:

  • E138: Can’t write viminfo file $HOME/.viminfo!
  • dircolors: no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given
  • squidview: can't get your home directory, exiting

If you had more complex setups where you meant to pass through environment variables, your work around may be more complex or no longer possible.

http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=342948