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Debian GNU/Linux свободно распространяется через Интернет. У Debian репутация более сложного в установке, чем остальные дистрибутивы Linux. That reputation isn't deserved anymore. Others point out that installation is something that typically only happens once in the lifetime of a Debian GNU/Linux system. Once the initial install has been done, further upgrades and maintenance happen on the fly. It's possible to upgrade major software components, or even transition between releases of Debian without rebooting the system. Other than kernel or hardware upgrades, there are few if any routine maintenance reasons to take down a Debian system. | Debian GNU/Linux свободно распространяется через Интернет. У Debian репутация более сложного в установке, чем остальные дистрибутивы Linux. That reputation isn't deserved anymore. Others point out that installation is something that typically only happens once in the lifetime of a Debian GNU/Linux system. После установки системы, последующие обновления и эксплуатация происходят на лету. Возможность обновления основных программных компонентов, и даже переход от одной версии Debian к другой без перезагрузки системы. Other than kernel or hardware upgrades, there are few if any routine maintenance reasons to take down a Debian system. |
Введение
- Debian GNU/Linux свободно распространяется через Интернет. У Debian репутация более сложного в установке, чем остальные дистрибутивы Linux. That reputation isn't deserved anymore. Others point out that installation is something that typically only happens once in the lifetime of a Debian GNU/Linux system. После установки системы, последующие обновления и эксплуатация происходят на лету. Возможность обновления основных программных компонентов, и даже переход от одной версии Debian к другой без перезагрузки системы. Other than kernel or hardware upgrades, there are few if any routine maintenance reasons to take down a Debian system.
Features
- The Debian install is also particularly versatile. It's possible to install from CDROM/DVD/Blueray disk, over a network, bootstrapped from within another Linux distribution, or from MS Windows system.
Получение Debian
http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ Официальное руководство по установке (другие архитектуры)
Загрузка и запись на диски CD/DVD полного комплекта
The biggest advantage of downloading the .iso files and burning them yourself is not having to wait for CDs to arrive. The full CD set can be downloaded in .iso format from:
http://www.debian.org/distrib - Official download page
http://www.debian.org/CD/http-ftp - one of the Debian mirrors
If you want to download one or more of the full 650 MB iso images, please use the jigdo tool which spreads out the load among various Debian servers, lightening their load as well as giving you a faster download.
http://www.debian.org/CD/jigdo-cd - jigdo (better)
Although there are over 20 CDs (or 3 DVDs) in a full set, only the first CD is required to install Debian. The additional CDs are optional and include extra packages, that can be downloaded individually during the installation, or later.
DebianCDContents to find out what is on each CD.
Загрузка и запись на CD-диск образа для сетевой установки
For folks with broadband Internet access, it's quite rare to download a full set of 650 MB iso images to install Debian. Instead, it's most common to just use a minimal network install CD instead. This network install iso (called "netinst") contains just enough packages to install a very basic Debian system. During the install procedure, it downloads the rest from the Internet as needed. A netinst iso image is around 180 MB. Also available is the so-called "businesscard" image that is around 40 MB.
Покупка набора CD-дисков
The easiest way to install Debian is with a set of CDs bought from a vendor. There is a list of CD vendors:
Net Boot via another Debian system
There is also the possibility to boot from another computer without needing to use CD/floppy media at all. All you need is a TFTPD and a DHCPD running on the install-from computer. This is called installing via "netboot".
NetworkBooting - the installation manual for more info on netboot installation.
Установка
The most useful thing you can do is to read the installation instructions. For most of you, that's the Installing Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 For Intel x86, particularly Sections 4, 5 and 6, which describe how to install Debian and point to downloadable resources.
See also
QuickPackageManagement - Managing your system
ToDo: this page needs a major rewrite.
Source for those components |
||||||
Media Name |
Boot |
udeb |
Core system |
XWindow |
Desktop |
on demand pkg |
CDs (optical medium) |
||||||
Business card CD |
CD |
CD |
Net |
Net |
Net |
Net |
Netinst CD card |
CD |
CD |
CD |
Net |
Net |
Net |
CD-1 |
CD |
CD |
CD |
CD |
CD or Net |
CD or Net |
DVD |
DVD |
DVD |
DVD |
DVD |
DVD |
DVD or Net |
Blueray disk |
BD |
BD |
BD |
BD |
BD |
BD |
Usb keychain |
||||||
hd-media |
USB |
iso |
iso or Net |
|||
Floppy |
||||||
Floppy1 |
Floppy |
CD or DVD or Net |
||||
Netboot |
||||||
Netboot |
TFTP |
Net |
Net |
Net |
Net |
Net |
mini-iso |
CD |
Net |
Net |
Net |
Net |
Net |
DOS / MS Windows |
||||||
win32-loader |
Windows2 |
Net |
Net |
Net |
Net |
Net |
Booting DebianInstaller from floppy-disks is discontinued since Lenny. (1)
win32-loader don't actually boot from windows: It adds a boot menu entry, in boot.ini, that loads Debian-Installer's kernel an initrd from the NTFS partition (2)