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<!> Due to a [[http://marc.info/?l=orinoco-users&m=123584919421534|discovered issue]], please do not acquire via gitweb at this time. 1. Install the firmware: {{{ |
1. Install the firmware: {{{ |
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1. Install a 2.6.29 (or later) kernel image appropriate for your system, along with the DebianPkg:wireless-tools package. For example: {{{ | 1. Install a 2.6.30 (or later) kernel image appropriate for your system, along with the DebianPkg:wireless-tools package. For example: {{{ |
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aptitude -t lenny-backports install linux-image-2.6.29-bpo.2-$(uname -r | sed 's,.*-,,g') wireless-tools | aptitude -t lenny-backports install linux-image-2.6.30-bpo.1-$(uname -r | sed 's,.*-,,g') wireless-tools |
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* If output similar to the following is shown (2.6.30 and later kernels): ~- {{{ [23738.491956] eth1: Attempting to download firmware agere_sta_fw.bin [23738.497453] hermes_dld: AUX enable returned 0 [23738.503383] hermes_dld: AUX disable returned 0 [23738.508506] hermes_dld: Actual PDA length 998, Max allowed 1000 [23738.513702] eth1: Read PDA returned 0 [23738.519051] eth1: Invalid firmware image detected (bad PDR offset). Aborting download }}} -~ Your provided firmware image is corrupt. * If acquired via gitweb, use [[DebianMan:1/recode|recode(1)]] to correct, e.g. {{{recode utf8..iso8859-1 /lib/firmware/agere_sta_fw.bin}}}, then reload the relevant orinoco module. |
Hermes, Prism 2/2.5/3, Spectrum24 Trilogy devices (orinoco)
This page describes how to enable support for WiFi devices based on the Hermes (Lucent/Agere), Prism 2/2.5/3 (Conexant, formerly Intersil) and Spectrum24 Trilogy (Symbol) chipsets; using the Orinoco driver on Debian systems.
Contents
This page is about the Orinoco driver. See Wikipedia for information about the ORiNOCO brand.
Driver
The Orinoco driver is a collection of modules providing support for various 802.11b devices, based on the Hermes, Prism 2/2.5/3 or Spectrum24 Trilogy chipsets:
airport (supported devices)
Supports the AirPort Card (not AirPort Extreme).
orinoco_cs (supported devices)
- Supports Lucent/Agere and Prism-based PCMCIA/PC Card devices.
orinoco_nortel (supported devices)
- Supports Lucent/Agere and Prism-based PC Card devices using the Nortel PCI bridge.
orinoco_pci (supported devices)
- Supports Lucent/Agere and Prism-based devices using a direct PCI interface.
orinoco_plx (supported devices)
- Supports Lucent/Agere and Prism-based PC Card devices using the PLX9052 PCI bridge.
orinoco_tmd (supported devices)
- Supports Lucent/Agere and Prism-based PC Card devices using the TMD7160 PCI bridge.
spectrum_cs (supported devices)
- Supports Symbol Spectrum24 Trilogy-based PC Card and Compact Flash devices.
- Introduced in kernel 2.6.14.
USB devices are not supported (for Hermes, see orinoco_usb; for Prism, see linux-wlan-ng).
While Prism 2/2.5/3 chipsets are supported by this driver, use of the hostap driver is generally preferred.
As of Linux kernel 2.6.28-rc1, downloading of firmware to volatile memory (RAM) and WPA support is available for Hermes-based devices. For WPA support, firmware version 9.42 (or later) is required. The Orinoco driver will attempt to download firmware from userspace during device initialization.
Firmware is required to be provided for Spectrum24 Trilogy-based devices without flash memory (eg. Intel WPC2011BWW, Socket Communications WL6000-320).
Installation
The Orinoco driver is included in the mainline Linux kernel since 2.4.3. It is included as modules in Debian kernel images.
Lenny
Using Etch? Skip to the Etch section.
WPA (Hermes/Agere only)
You can skip this section if WPA support is not required, or if your device has a Prism or Spectrum24 Trilogy chipset.
For WPA support, a 2.6.28 (or later) kernel is required. Firmware is also required to be installed prior to driver operation.
Install the git-core package:
aptitude update && aptitude install git-core
Acquire Agere v9.48 station firmware from the linux-firmware GIT tree:
git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dwmw2/linux-firmware.git
Alternatively, the same firmware can be obtained by downloading the attachment of this orinoco-devel message, extracting its contents and renaming the file to agere_sta_fw.bin.
Install the firmware:
cp linux-firmware/agere_sta_fw.bin /lib/firmware
Add the Debian Backports repository to /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:
# Backported packages for Debian Lenny deb http://www.backports.org/debian lenny-backports main
Update the list of available packages and install the lenny-backports/debian-backports-keyring package:
aptitude update aptitude -t lenny-backports install debian-backports-keyring
As your system does not yet have the GnuPG archive key of the backports.org repository installed, you will be asked to confirm installation of a package from an untrusted repository. Enter Yes when prompted.
Install a 2.6.30 (or later) kernel image appropriate for your system, along with the wireless-tools package. For example:
aptitude update aptitude -t lenny-backports install linux-image-2.6.30-bpo.1-$(uname -r | sed 's,.*-,,g') wireless-tools
Restart your system to boot with this kernel, then continue with the procedure below.
General
Install the wireless-tools package:
aptitude update aptitude install wireless-tools
- For users with Spectrum24 Trilogy-based devices only:
Firmware is required for devices without flash memory. This can be downloaded and extracted using the get_symbol_fw script available from orinoco-fwutils:
$ su # aptitude install unzip # exit $ wget 'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/orinoco/orinoco-fwutils-0.3.tar.gz?download' $ tar xvf orinoco-fwutils-0.3.tar.gz $ cd orinoco-fwutils-0.3 $ ./get_symbol_fw $ su # mv symbol_sp24t_prim_fw symbol_sp24t_sec_fw /lib/firmware
- If not already performed, connect the device to your system.
The necessary kernel modules should be automatically loaded. If necessary, the required modules can be loaded manually with one of the following commands (depending on your device's host interface):
modprobe airport
or
modprobe orinoco_cs
or
modprobe orinoco_nortel
or
modprobe orinoco_pci
or
modprobe orinoco_plx
or
modprobe orinoco_tmd
or
modprobe spectrum_cs
Verify your device has an available interface:
iwconfig
Raise the interface to activate the radio, for example:
ifconfig eth1 up
Configure your interface as appropriate. See also known issues.
Troubleshooting
For WPA support on Hermes/Agere-based devices, firmware version 9.42 or later is required to be downloaded to the card.
Ensure the Agere station firmware (agere_sta_fw.bin) is available when requested, check the kernel ring buffer (dmesg(1)).
WPA capability can be verified by the presence of "WPA-PSK supported" in the buffer:
[ 2598.821904] eth1: Program end returned 0 [ 2598.821913] eth1: hermes_present returned 1 [ 2598.822731] eth1: Hardware identity 0001:0002:0003:0004 [ 2598.822854] eth1: Station identity 0005:0006:0007:0008 [ 2598.822868] eth1: Firmware determined as Lucent/Agere 9.48 [ 2598.822877] eth1: Ad-hoc demo mode supported [ 2598.822885] eth1: IEEE standard IBSS ad-hoc mode supported [ 2598.822892] eth1: WEP supported, 104-bit key [ 2598.822901] eth1: WPA-PSK supported [ 2599.051164] eth1: MAC address 00:11:22:33:44:55 [ 2599.051265] eth1: Station name "HERMES I" [ 2599.051828] eth1: ready
If output similar to the following is shown (2.6.30 and later kernels):
[23738.491956] eth1: Attempting to download firmware agere_sta_fw.bin [23738.497453] hermes_dld: AUX enable returned 0 [23738.503383] hermes_dld: AUX disable returned 0 [23738.508506] hermes_dld: Actual PDA length 998, Max allowed 1000 [23738.513702] eth1: Read PDA returned 0 [23738.519051] eth1: Invalid firmware image detected (bad PDR offset). Aborting download
Your provided firmware image is corrupt.
If acquired via gitweb, use recode(1) to correct, e.g. recode utf8..iso8859-1 /lib/firmware/agere_sta_fw.bin, then reload the relevant orinoco module.
For wpa_supplicant versions <= 0.5.7, specify "wpa-ap-scan 2" (in /etc/network/interfaces) or "ap_scan=2" (in wpa_supplicant.conf). This is not required for later wpa_supplicant versions.
See also known issues.
- Spectrum24 Trilogy-based devices without flash memory: Examine the kernel ring buffer (dmesg) to verify required firmware files are being loaded by the driver. If requested firmware is not available, no wireless interface will be created.
Ensure the firmware files produced by the get_symbol_fw script (symbol_sp24t_prim_fw, symbol_sp24t_sec_fw) were moved to /lib/firmware.
Etch
Install the wireless-tools package:
aptitude update aptitude install wireless-tools
- For users with Spectrum24 Trilogy-based devices only:
Firmware is required for devices without flash memory. This can be downloaded and extracted using the get_symbol_fw script available from orinoco-fwutils:
$ su # aptitude install unzip # exit $ wget 'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/orinoco/orinoco-fwutils-0.3.tar.gz?download' $ tar xvf orinoco-fwutils-0.3.tar.gz $ cd orinoco-fwutils-0.3 $ ./get_symbol_fw $ su # mv symbol_sp24t_prim_fw symbol_sp24t_sec_fw /lib/firmware
- If not already performed, connect the device to your system.
The necessary kernel modules should be automatically loaded. If necessary, the required modules can be loaded manually with one of the following commands (depending on your device's host interface):
modprobe airport
or
modprobe orinoco_cs
or
modprobe orinoco_nortel
or
modprobe orinoco_pci
or
modprobe orinoco_plx
or
modprobe orinoco_tmd
or
modprobe spectrum_cs
Verify your device has an available interface:
iwconfig
Raise the interface to activate the radio, for example:
ifconfig eth1 up
Configure your interface as appropriate. See also known issues.
Troubleshooting
- Spectrum24 Trilogy-based devices without flash memory: Examine the kernel ring buffer (dmesg) to verify required firmware files are being loaded by the driver. If requested firmware is not available, no wireless interface will be created.
Ensure the firmware files produced by the get_symbol_fw script (symbol_sp24t_prim_fw, symbol_sp24t_sec_fw) were moved to /lib/firmware.
Known Issues
WPA
Supported with Hermes/Agere-based devices only (for Prism chipsets, see hostap).
Only WPA-PSK TKIP is supported at this time.
You may need to prevent wpa_supplicant from initially using CCMP, for example:
iface eth1 inet dhcp wpa-ssid foo wpa-psk barbazquxquuxcorgegraultgarplywaldofredplughxyzzythud # force WPA-PSK TKIP wpa-key_mgmt WPA-PSK wpa-proto WPA wpa-pairwise TKIP wpa-group TKIP
WEP
This encryption method is deprecated and not recommended for use.
For Prism-based devices, secondary/station firmware v1.4.9 (or later) is required for functional support.1
Monitor Mode
For Hermes-based devices, Lucent/Agere firmware versions 7.xx and 8.xx are buggy with respect to monitor mode operation. The Orinoco driver will refuse to change to monitor mode if requested (eg. via iwconfig(8)). Firmware versions <= 6.16 are required for this feature (see Other Notes regarding firmware flashing).
Monitor mode operation can be forced on buggy firmware versions by supplying force_monitor=1 as an option to the orinoco module:
echo options orinoco force_monitor=1 >> /etc/modprobe.d/local.conf
Other Notes
The station firmware on Hermes/Agere-based devices can only be permanently upgraded/downgraded (flashed) through utilities available for the Microsoft Windows operating system. Some Agere firmware revisions are available here. With respect to the AirPort Card, its firmware can be indirectly flashed during installation of some Mac OS X operating system versions.
Installation of the hostap-utils package will blacklist the Orinoco driver modules. This package should be purged from your system if not required.
Supported Devices
airport
The AirPort Card (not AirPort Extreme) is supported. This is an optional networking accessory for the following Apple systems:
iBook G3 ("Clamshell", "Dual USB / Snow")
PowerBook G3 ("Firewire")
Early-model PowerBook G4 ("Titanium")
Other compatible systems (eg. slot-loading iMacs with an AirPort Card adapter)
orinoco_cs
The page HowToIdentifyADevice/PC_Card explains how to identify a PC Card device.
orinoco_nortel
The page HowToIdentifyADevice/PCI explains how to identify a PCI device.
The following list is based on the alias fields of orinoco_nortel.
PCI: 126C:8030 Northern Telecom (Device name unknown) PCI: 1562:0001 Symbol Technologies (Device name unknown)
orinoco_pci
The page HowToIdentifyADevice/PCI explains how to identify a PCI device.
The following list is based on the alias fields of orinoco_pci.
PCI: 1260:3872 Intersil Corporation Prism 2.5 Wavelan chipset PCI: 1260:3873 Intersil Corporation Prism 2.5 Wavelan chipset PCI: 167D:A000 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. IPW2200 miniPCI Wireless
orinoco_plx
The page HowToIdentifyADevice/PCI explains how to identify a PCI device.
The following list is based on the alias fields of orinoco_plxl.
PCI: 10B7:7770 3Com Corporation 3CRWE777 PCI(PLX) Wireless Adaptor [Airconnect] PCI: 111A:1023 Efficient Networks, Inc (Device name unknown) PCI: 1385:4100 Netgear MA301 802.11b Wireless PCI Adapter PCI: 15E8:0130 National Datacomm Corp Wireless PCI Card PCI: 1638:1100 Standard Microsystems Corp [SMC] SMC2602W EZConnect / Addtron AWA-100 / Eumitcom PCI WL11000 PCI: 16AB:1100 Global Sun Technology Inc GL24110P PCI: 16AB:1101 Global Sun Technology Inc PLX9052 PCMCIA-to-PCI Wireless LAN PCI: 16AB:1102 Global Sun Technology Inc PCMCIA-to-PCI Wireless Network Bridge PCI: 16EC:3685 U.S. Robotics Wireless Access PCI Adapter Model 022415 PCI: EC80:EC00 Belkin Corporation F5D6000
orinoco_tmd
The page HowToIdentifyADevice/PCI explains how to identify a PCI device.
The following list is based on the alias fields of orinoco_tmd.
PCI: 15E8:0131 National Datacomm Corp NCP130A2 Wireless NIC
spectrum_cs
The page HowToIdentifyADevice/PC_Card explains how to identify a PC Card device.
Unsupported
All ORiNOCO-branded USB devices, including:
USB: 0411:0006 MelCo., Inc. WLI-USB-L11 Wireless LAN Adapter USB: 0411:000B MelCo., Inc. WLI-USB-L11G-WR Wireless LAN Adapter USB: 0411:000D MelCo., Inc. WLI-USB-L11G Wireless LAN Adapter USB: 047E:0300 Agere Systems, Inc. (Lucent) ORiNOCO Card USB: 049F:001F Compaq Computer Corp. WL215 Adapter USB: 049F:0076 Compaq Computer Corp. Wireless LAN MultiPort W200 USB: 049F:0082 Compaq Computer Corp. (Device name unknown) USB: 04E8:5002 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd YP-30 USB: 04E8:5B11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd SEW-2001u Card USB: 04E8:7011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd SEW-2003U Card USB: 05CC:3100 ELSA AG AirLancer USB-11 USB: 0681:0012 Siemens Information and Communication Products I-Gate 802.11b Adapter USB: 0BF8:1002 Fujitsu Siemens Computers (Device name unknown) USB: 0D4E:047A Agere Systems Netherland BV WLAN Card USB: 0D4E:1000 Agere Systems Netherland BV Wireless Card Model 0801 USB: 0D4E:1001 Agere Systems Netherland BV Wireless Card Model 0802 USB: 0D98:0300 Mars Semiconductor Corp. Avaya Wireless Card USB: 0D9E:0300 Avaya Wireless Card USB: 0E7C:0300 (Vendor name unknown) (Device name unknown) USB: 1630:FF81 (Vendor name unknown) (Device name unknown)
The above devices are supported by a USB-specific fork of the Orinoco driver.
See Also
hostap - An alternate driver for Prism 2/2.5/3 chipsets (no USB support)
linux-wlan-ng - An alternate driver for Prism 2/2.5/3 chipsets (USB devices supported)
orinoco_usb - Help page for the USB-specific Orinoco driver
External Links
http://orinoco.nongnu.org/ - The Linux ORiNOCO Driver
http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/orinoco - Driver page on Linux Wireless