• Diff for "es/iptables"

Translation(s): Español - Inglés - Italiano- Español

Iptables permite filtrar paquetes, traducción de direcciones de red y otros destrozamientos de paquetes.

Dos de los mas comunes usos de iptables son proveer soporte para muros de fuego y NAT.

Configurar iptables manualmente es un reto para los que están iniciando. Afortunadamente, existen algunas herramientas de configuración (asistentes) disponibles para ayudarse, por ejemplo, fwbuilder, bastille, ferm (wiki page), ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall, from Ubuntu).

Ver la configuración actual

Para ver que reglas ya están configuradas, utilice este comando:

 iptables -L

La salida será similar a la siguiente:

 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
 target     prot opt source               destination

 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
 target     prot opt source               destination

 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
 target     prot opt source               destination

Esto permite a cualquier el acceso de lo que sea a donde sea.

Almacenar las reglas en un archivo

Nota: Existe un paquete que le puedo ayudar a hacer esto: iptables-persistent

Let's tighten that up a bit by creating a test iptables file:

 nano /etc/iptables.test.rules

In this file enter some basic rules:

*filter

# Allows all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT

# Accepts all established inbound connections
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

# Allows all outbound traffic
# You could modify this to only allow certain traffic
-A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT

# Allows HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites)
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

# Allows SSH connections for script kiddies
# THE -dport NUMBER IS THE SAME ONE YOU SET UP IN THE SSHD_CONFIG FILE
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 30000 -j ACCEPT

# Now you should read up on iptables rules and consider whether ssh access 
# for everyone is really desired. Most likely you will only allow access from certain IPs.

# Allow ping
-A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT

# log iptables denied calls (access via 'dmesg' command)
-A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7

# Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy:
-A INPUT -j REJECT
-A FORWARD -j REJECT

COMMIT

That may look complicated, but look at each section at a time. You will see that it simply shuts all ports except the ones we have allowed - which in this case are ports 80 and 443 (the standard web browser ports) and the SSH port defined earlier.

Activate these new rules:

 iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.test.rules

And see the difference:

 iptables -L

Now the output tells us that only the ports defined above are open. All the others are closed.

Once you are happy, save the new rules to the master iptables file:

 iptables-save > /etc/iptables.up.rules

To make sure the iptables rules are started on a reboot we'll create a new file:

 nano /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables

Add these lines to it:

 #!/bin/bash
 /sbin/iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules

The file needs to be executable so change the permissions:

 chmod +x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables

Note: This HOWTO had been contributed by user Geejay to wiki.openvz.org as a part of installing container howto.

See also

• Documentation about the netfilter/iptables:
  . http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/

• Gentle Introductions/Overviews

  • Firewall and Advanced Routing Under Linux:
    . http://ornellas.apanela.com/dokuwiki/pub:firewall_and_adv_routing

  • Iptables Basics:
    . http://www.justlinux.com/nhf/Security/IPtables_Basics.html

• Firewalls

• Securing Debian: Adding firewall capabilities:
  . http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch-sec-services.en.html#s-firewall-setup

CategorySystemAdministration