Contents
- Smart Router
- Private Cloud
- Diskussionsforum
- IRC #freedombox
- Matrix
- Hilfe wiedergeben
- Herunterladen für Debian
- Herunterladen für Hardware bzw. Virtuelle Maschinen
- Bepasty (Datei- und Ausschnittteilen)
- Calibre (E-Book-Bibliothek)
- Coturn (VoIP-Helfer)
- Deluge (Verteilte Dateifreigabe über BitTorrent)
- Ejabberd (Unterhaltungsserver)
- GitWeb (einfältiges Git-Hosting)
- I2P (Anonymitätnetzwerk)
- Ikiwiki (Wiki und Blog)
- Infinoted (Kollaborative Textbearbeitung mit Gobby)
- JSXC (Webbasiertes Untehaltungsclient)
- Matrix Synapse (Unterhaltungsserver)
- MediaWiki (Wiki)
- Minetest (Blockspielraum)
- MiniDLNA (Einfältiges Mediaserver)
- MLDonkey (Peer-to-Peer-Dateifreigabe)
- Mumble (Voice Chat) Server
- OpenVPN (Virtual Private Network)
- Privoxy (Web Proxy)
- Quassel (Text Chat Client via IRC)
- Radicale (Calendar and Addressbook)
- Roundcube (Email Client)
- Samba (Network File Storage)
- Searx (Web Search)
- Shadowsocks (SOCKS5 proxy)
- Sharing (File Publishing)
- Syncthing (File Synchronization)
- Tiny Tiny RSS (News Feed Reader)
- Tor (Anonymitätnetzwerk)
- Transmission (Distributed File Sharing via BitTorrent)
- User Websites
- WireGuard (Virtual Private Network)
- Backups
- BIND (Domain Name Server)
- Cockpit (Server Administration)
- Configure
- Date & Time
- Diagnostics
- Dynamic DNS Client
- Firewall
- Let's Encrypt (Certificates)
- Monkeysphere
- Name Services
- Networks
- PageKite (Public Visibility)
- Performance (System Monitoring)
- Power
- Secure Shell (SSH) Sever
- Security
- Service Discovery
- Troubleshooting
- Storage
- Storage Snapshots
- Software Updates
- Users and Groups
- Unterstützte Hardware
- Ziel-Hardware
- Pioneer Edition FreedomBox
- A20 OLinuXino Lime2
- A20 OLinuXino MICRO
- APU
- Cubietruck
- Cubieboard 2
- Beagle Bone Black
- pcDuino3
- Debian
- VirtualBox
- Pine A64+
- Banana Pro
- Orange Pi Zero
- RockPro64
- Rock64
- Raspberry Pi 2 Model B
- Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
- Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
- Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
- USB Wi-Fi
- FreedomBox 21.4.2 (2021-03-28)
- FreedomBox 21.4.1 (2021-03-13)
- FreedomBox 21.4 (2021-02-28)
- FreedomBox 21.3 (2021-02-11)
- FreedomBox 21.2 (2021-02-05)
- FreedomBox 21.1 (2021-01-25)
- FreedomBox 21.0 (2021-01-11)
- FreedomBox 20.21 (2020-12-28)
- FreedomBox 20.20.1 (2020-12-19)
- FreedomBox 20.20 (2020-12-14)
- FreedomBox 20.19 (2020-11-30)
- FreedomBox 20.18.1 (2020-11-23)
- FreedomBox 20.18 (2020-11-16)
- FreedomBox 20.17.1 (2020-11-07)
- FreedomBox 20.17 (2020-11-02)
- FreedomBox 20.16 (2020-10-19)
- FreedomBox 20.15 (2020-10-05)
- FreedomBox 20.14.1 (2020-09-23)
- FreedomBox 20.14 (2020-09-15)
- FreedomBox 20.13 (2020-07-18)
- FreedomBox 20.12.1 (2020-07-05)
- FreedomBox 20.12 (2020-06-29)
- FreedomBox 20.11 (2020-06-15)
- FreedomBox 20.10 (2020-06-01)
- FreedomBox 20.9 (2020-05-18)
- FreedomBox 20.8 (2020-05-04)
- FreedomBox 20.7 (2020-04-20)
- FreedomBox 20.6.1 (2020-04-11)
- FreedomBox 20.6 (2020-04-06)
- FreedomBox 20.5.1 (2020-03-26)
- FreedomBox 20.5 (2020-03-23)
- FreedomBox 20.4 (2020-03-09)
- FreedomBox 20.3 (2020-02-24)
- FreedomBox 20.2 (2020-02-10)
- FreedomBox 20.1 (2020-01-27)
- FreedomBox 20.0 (2020-01-13)
- FreedomBox 19.24 (2019-12-30)
- FreedomBox 19.23 (2019-12-16)
- FreedomBox 19.22 (2019-12-02)
- FreedomBox 19.21 (2019-11-18)
- FreedomBox 19.20 (2019-11-04)
- FreedomBox 19.19 (2019-10-21)
- FreedomBox 19.18 (2019-10-07)
- FreedomBox 19.17 (2019-09-23)
- FreedomBox 19.16 (2019-09-09)
- FreedomBox 19.15 (2019-08-26)
- FreedomBox 19.14 (2019-08-12)
- FreedomBox 19.13 (2019-07-29)
- FreedomBox 19.12 (2019-07-22)
- FreedomBox 19.2.2 (2019-07-17)
- FreedomBox 19.2.1 (2019-07-09)
- FreedomBox 19.11 (2019-07-08)
- FreedomBox 19.10 (2019-06-24)
- FreedomBox 19.9 (2019-06-10)
- FreedomBox 19.8 (2019-05-27)
- FreedomBox 19.7 (2019-05-13)
- FreedomBox 19.6 (2019-04-29)
- FreedomBox 19.5 (2019-04-15)
- FreedomBox 19.4 (2019-04-01)
- FreedomBox 19.3 (2019-03-18)
- FreedomBox 19.2 (2019-03-02)
- FreedomBox 19.1 (2019-02-14)
- FreedomBox 19.0 (2019-02-09)
- Version 0.49.1 (2019-02-07)
- Version 0.49.0 (2019-02-05)
- Version 0.48.0 (2019-01-28)
- Version 0.47.0 (2019-01-14)
- Version 0.46.0 (2018-12-31)
- Version 0.45.0 (2018-12-17)
- Version 0.44.0 (2018-12-03)
- Version 0.43.0 (2018-11-19)
- Version 0.42.0 (2018-11-05)
- Version 0.41.0 (2018-10-22)
- Version 0.40.0 (2018-10-08)
- Version 0.39.0 (2018-09-24)
- Version 0.38.0 (2018-09-10)
- Version 0.37.0 (2018-08-27)
- Version 0.36.0 (2018-08-13)
- Version 0.35.0 (2018-07-30)
- Version 0.34.0 (2018-07-16)
- Version 0.33.1 (2018-07-04)
- Version 0.33.0 (2018-07-02)
- Version 0.32.0 (2018-06-18)
- Version 0.31.0 (2018-06-04)
- Version 0.30.0 (2018-05-21)
- Version 0.29.1 (2018-05-08)
- Version 0.29.0 (2018-05-07)
- Version 0.28.0 (2018-04-23)
- Version 0.27.0 (2018-04-09)
- Version 0.26.0 (2018-03-26)
- Version 0.25.0 (2018-03-12)
- Plinth v0.24.0 (2018-02-26)
- Plinth v0.23.0 (2018-02-12)
- Plinth v0.22.0 (2018-01-30)
- Plinth v0.21.0 (2018-01-15)
- Plinth v0.20.0 (2018-01-01)
- Plinth v0.19.0 (2017-12-18)
- Plinth v0.18.0 (2017-12-04)
- Plinth v0.17.0 (2017-11-20)
- Plinth v0.16.0 (2017-11-06)
- Plinth v0.15.3 (2017-10-20)
- Plinth v0.15.2 (2017-09-24)
- Plinth v0.15.0 (2017-07-01)
- Plinth v0.14.0 (2017-04)
- Plinth v0.13.1 (2017-01-22)
- Plinth v0.12.0 (2016-12-08)
- Plinth v0.11.0 (2016-09-29)
- Plinth v0.10.0 (2016-08-21)
- Version 0.9.4 (2016-06-24)
- Version 0.9 (2016-04-24)
- Version 0.8 (2016-02-20)
- Version 0.7 (2015-12-13)
- Version 0.6 (2015-10-31)
- Version 0.5 (2015-08-07)
- Version 0.3 (2015-01-20)
- Version 0.2 (2014-03-16)
- Version 0.1 (2013-02-26)
- Quick Links
- Welcome to newcomers
- Donate
- Spread the Word
- Feed Us Back (Comment)
- Request applications
- Translate
- Document: User Manual, Website and Wiki
- Assure Quality (Test and Check)
- Code
- Design
- Package Applications
- FreedomBox Service (Plinth)
- FreedomBox Setup
- Freedom Maker
FreedomBox Einführung
FreedomBox ist ein persönlicher Server, der Ihre Privatsphäre schützt. Es ist ein freier Software-Stack, ein Teil des Debian universellen Betriebssystems, das auf vielen Varianten von günstiger und energieeffizienter Hardware installiert werden kann. Die Einfachheit der Installation und des Betriebs einer FreedomBox ist ähnlich der von einem Smartphone.
1. Smart Router
FreedomBox läuft auf einem physischen Computer und kann Ihren Datenverkehr lenken. Es kann zwischen verschiedenen Geräten zu Hause sitzen, wie beispielsweise Mobiltelefone, Laptops, Fernseher und das Internet und ersetzt einen Wireless-Router. Durch das Routen des Datenverkehrs kann FreedomBox Tracking-Anzeigen und bösartige Web-Bugs entfernen, bevor sie überhaupt Ihre Geräte erreichen. FreedomBox kann Ihren Standort verbergen und schützt Ihre Anonymität durch "Onion Routing" Ihres Datenverkehrs über Tor. FreedomBox bietet einen VPN-Server, den Sie verwenden können wenn Sie unterwegs sind, um Ihren Datenverkehr auf nicht vertrauenswürdigen öffentlichen Funknetzen zu verschiedenen Geräten zuhause sicher und geheim zu halten. Es kann auch zusammen mit Ihrem Laptop mitgeführt und dazu verwendet werden, um sich an öffentliche Netze bei der Arbeit, in der Schule oder Büro zu verbinden, um deren Dienste in Anspruch zu nehmen. Es könnte in einem Dorf verwendet werden, um die Kommunikation im ganzen Dorf zu ermöglich. Zukünftig beabsichtigt FreedomBox Unterstützung für alternative Verbindungsmöglichkeiten mit dem Internet zu ermöglichen, wie beispielsweise Mesh Netze.
2. Private Cloud
FreedomBox bietet Dienstleistungen: für Ihren Computer und mobile Geräte in Ihrem Haus und zu Computern und mobilen Geräten von anderen Menschen, die Ihre Freunde sind. FreedomBox bietet Filesharing wie Dropbox, gemeinsame Kalander wie Google oder Yahoo und Foto-Sharing. FreedomBox bietet Instant Messaging und wirklich sichere Sprachkonferenzen, die auf niedriger Bandbreite mit hoher Qualität arbeiten. FreedomBox hat einen Blog und Wiki und lässt Sie so Ihre Informationen veröffentlichen und gemeinsam mit dem Rest der Welt zusammenarbeiten. In Kürze wird ein persönlicher E-Mail-Server und verteiltes Social-Networking mit GNU Social und Diaspora realisiert, die beide Ihre Privatsphäre respektieren als Alternative zu Google Mail und Facebook.
Schnelleinstieg
Die einfachste Methode um ein FreeedomBox zu haben, ist es zu kaufen. Sonst, laden Sie ein FreedomBox Image herunter und installieren Sie es indem Sie den Anweisungen auf Download folgen.
Stecken Sie ein Ende des Ethernetkabels in den Ethernet-Port Ihrer FreedomBox und das andere Ende in Ihren Router.
- Auf der Dreamplug sollte der eth0-Port (in der Mitte der Box) an den Router angeschlossen werden.
- Wenn Ihr Gerät einen zweiten Ethernet-Port hat, können Sie Ihren Computer mit einem weiteren Ethernetkabel direkt daran anschließen.
Starten Sie Ihre FreedomBox.
Beim ersten Booten wird die FreedomBox die Erstinstallation durchführen und dann neu zu starten. Dies kann mehrere Minuten dauern.
Nachdem die FreedomBox neu gestartet wurde, können Sie auf dessen Web-Interface (genannt Plinth) über Ihren Webbrowser zugreifen.
Wenn der Computer direkt an die FreedomBox durch einen zweiten (LAN) Ethernet-Port angeschlossen ist, können Sie http://freedombox/ oder http://10.42.0.1/ verwenden.
Wenn Ihr Computer mDNS unterstützt (GNU/Linux, Mac OSX und Windows mit installierter mDNS-Software), können Sie http://freedombox.local/ (oder http://der-hostname-den-Sie-bei-der-Installation-verwendet-haben.local/) verwenden.
Wenn keine dieser Methoden zur Verfügung steht, müssen Sie die IP-Adresse Ihrer FreedomBox herausfinden. Sie können dazu das "nmap" Programm verwenden:
nmap -p 80 --open -sV 192.168.0.0/24
Ihre FreedomBox wird als eine IP-Adresse mit einer offenen TCP-Port 80 unter Verwendung vom Apache-Dienst http auf Debian erscheinen, wie das Beispiel hier zeigt, wo es über http://192.168.0.165 zugänglich ist:
Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.165 Host is up (0.00088s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.17 ((Debian))
- Beim Zugriff auf Plinth wird Sie Ihr Browser warnen, dass er sicher kommuniziert aber dass er das Sicherheitszertifikat für ungültig hält. Dies ist eine Tatsache, die Sie zur Zeit akzeptieren müssen, weil das Zertifikat automatisch auf der Box erzeugt und daher "selbstsigniert" wird (der Browser könnte auch Worte wie "nicht vertrauenswürdig", "nicht privat", "Privatsphäre-Fehler" oder "unbekannter Emittent/Behörde" verwenden). Ihrem Browser mitzuteilen dass Sie dies wissen, wird durch Drücken der Tasten wie "Ich verstehe die Risiken" oder "Ausnahme hinzufügen" erreicht.
Beim ersten Zugriff werden Sie eine Willkommensseite sehen die Sie bittet, einige grundlegende Informationen zum Einrichten der FreedomBox bereitzustellen.
- Nach dem Ausfüllen des Formulars werden Sie bei Plinth angemeldet und in der Lage sein, auf Anwendungen und Konfigurationen über diese Schnittstelle zuzugreifen.
Wenn Ihr Computer direkt mit der FreedomBox verbunden ist kann Ihre FreedomBox als Router arbeiten, und Ihnen Zugriff auf das Internet ermöglichen.
Nun können Sie die Apps, die auf der FreedomBox verfügbar sind, ausprobieren.
Hilfe Erhalten
Die FreedomBox-Gesellschaft bietet Instanthilfe durch Forum, Chat und E-Mail. Fühlen Sie sich frei, mitzumachen und, was Sie möchten zu fragen. Wenn Sie erfolgreiche Hilfe erhalten, wägen Sie ab, Ihre Lösung auf der Seite "Fragen und Antworten" einzutragen, damit andere in der Zukunft davon profitieren können.
1. Diskussionsforum
Der einfachste Unterstützungsmittel, ist das Diskussionsforum. Sie können nach Lösungen für bekannte Probleme suchen, oder Hilfe von Gesellschaftsmitwirkenden anfordern, indem Sie Fragen stellen. Dies ist auch der beste Mittel, um Gesellschaftsmitwirkenden von Ihrer FreedomBox-Erfahrung zu informieren.
Um neue Informationen zu veröffentlichen, müssen Sie sich mit Name und E-Mail-Adresse eintragen (Sie dürfen jedoch ein Pseudonym und eine sekundäre E-Mail-Adresse angeben). Sie können sich Themen und Kategorien ansehen oder wenn Sie den Mailinglistenmodus in Ihren Kontoeinstellungen aktivieren, können Sie mit dem Forum durch e-Mail, wie bei einer Mailingliste, interagieren.
2. IRC #freedombox
Wenn Sie sind mit Internet Relay Chat (IRC) und IRC client vertraut sind, können Sie auch sofortige Online-Hilfe von der Gesellschaft auf dem Kanal #freedombox in irc.debian.org erhalten. Wahrscheinlich dauert es einige Zeit, bis ein Mitglied Ihnen antwortet. Seien Sie geduldig. Eine Reaktion wird eventuell eintreten.
3. Matrix
Sie können unserem Matrixraum #freedombox:matrix.org beitreten. Der Raum ist mit dem IRC-Kanal verbunden und speichert den Chat-Verlauf. Wenn Sie noch keinen Client installiert haben, können Sie sich mit Ihrem Webbrowser anmelden. Weitere Optionen finden Sie auf dieser Matrix-Client-Übersichtsseite.
4. Email
FreedomBox-Benutzer und Mitwirkende sind per E-Mail über eine Diskussionsliste erreichtbar. Um eine Frage zu stellen und eine Antwort von der Gesellschaft zu erhalten, registrieren Sie sich bitte auf der Mailinglistenseite, geben Sie Ihre E-Mail-Adresse an und erstellen Sie ein Passwort. Sie können auch Diskussionsarchive lesen . Diese Liste sammelt etwa 700 Leser an.
5. Hilfe wiedergeben
Wenn Sie erfolgreiche Hilfe erhalten, vergessen Sie nicht, Ihre Lösung auf der Seite Fragen und Antworten einzutragen, und erzählen Sie in der Seite Anwendungsfälle, welche Funktionen Sie verwenden. Es könnte anderen helfen, FreedomBox auf eine Weise zu verwenden, die sie sich noch nicht vorgestellt hätten.
Herunterladen und installieren
Notitz: Wenn Sie einen FreedomBox Kit gekauft haben, ist diese Abteilung nicht für Ihnen gemeint, und dürfen Sie sie ruhig überlesen. (Es sei den, Sie namentlich eine alternative Image bauen wollen).
Sie können FreedomBox entweder auf einer der unterstützten Hardware, auf einem Debian System oder einer virtuellen Maschine verwenden.
1. Herunterladen für Debian
Wenn Sie auf Debian installieren, brauchen Sie diese Images nicht herunterladen. Stattdessen lesen Sie bitte die Anleitungen zum Einrichten der FreedomBox auf Debian.
2. Herunterladen für Hardware bzw. Virtuelle Maschinen
2.1. Gerät vorbereiten
Siehe die Hardware-spezifischen Anweisungen, wie Sie Ihr Gerät vorbereiten. Lesen Sie so viele Dokumentationen wie möglich, die Sie im Internet über das ersten Booten und Flashen von USB oder SD-Karten auf Ihrer Hardware finden können.
2.2. Images Herunterladen
Neueste Images für unterstützte Geräte finden Sie hier:
Offizielle Images: http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/freedombox/
2.3. Heruntergeladene Images Überprüfen
Es ist wichtig die Images die Sie heruntergeladen haben zu überprüfen, um sicherzustellen, dass die Datei nicht während der Übertragung beschädigt wurde und dass es sich in der Tat um die durch FreedomBox Entwickler erstellte Images handelt.
Öffnen Sie zunächst ein Terminal und importieren Sie den öffentlichen Schlüssel des FreedomBox Entwicklers, der das Image erstellt hat:
$ gpg --keyserver x-hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 0x36C361440C9BC971
- Als nächstes überprüfen Sie den Fingerabdruck des öffentlichen Schlüssels:
$ gpg --fingerprint 0x36C361440C9BC971 pub 4096R/0C9BC971 2011-11-12 Key fingerprint = BCBE BD57 A11F 70B2 3782 BC57 36C3 6144 0C9B C971 uid Sunil Mohan Adapa <sunil@medhas.org> sub 4096R/4C1D4B57 2011-11-12
Schließlich verifizieren Sie Ihr heruntergeladenes Image mit seiner Signatur-Datei .sig. Beispielsweise:
$ gpg --verify freedombox-unstable-free_2015-12-13_cubietruck-armhf.img.xz.sig freedombox-unstable-free_2015-12-13_cubietruck-armhf.img.xz gpg: Signature made Thursday 15 January 2015 09:27:50 AM IST using RSA key ID 0C9BC971 gpg: Good signature from "Sunil Mohan Adapa <sunil@medhas.org>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: BCBE BD57 A11F 70B2 3782 BC57 36C3 6144 0C9B C971
2.4. Installation
Nach dem Download können Sie das Image verwenden um die unterstützte Hardware (einschließlich virtuelle Maschinen) zu booten. Sie müssen das Image wie folgt auf die Speicherkarte oder den USB-Stick kopieren:
- Finden Sie heraus, welches Gerät Ihre Karte tatsächlich ist.
- Entnehmen Sie Ihre Karte.
Starten Sie dmesg -w um die Kernel-Meldungen anzuzeigen.
- Stecken Sie Ihre Karte ein. Sie sehen Nachrichten wie:
[33299.023096] usb 4-6: new high-speed USB device number 12 using ehci-pci [33299.157160] usb 4-6: New USB device found, idVendor=058f, idProduct=6361 [33299.157162] usb 4-6: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [33299.157164] usb 4-6: Product: Mass Storage Device [33299.157165] usb 4-6: Manufacturer: Generic [33299.157167] usb 4-6: SerialNumber: XXXXXXXXXXXX [33299.157452] usb-storage 4-6:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected [33299.157683] scsi host13: usb-storage 4-6:1.0 [33300.155626] scsi 13:0:0:0: Direct-Access Generic- Compact Flash 1.01 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [33300.156223] scsi 13:0:0:1: Direct-Access Multiple Flash Reader 1.05 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [33300.157059] sd 13:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0 [33300.157462] sd 13:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0 [33300.462115] sd 13:0:0:1: [sdg] 30367744 512-byte logical blocks: (15.5 GB/14.4 GiB) [33300.464144] sd 13:0:0:1: [sdg] Write Protect is off [33300.464159] sd 13:0:0:1: [sdg] Mode Sense: 03 00 00 00 [33300.465896] sd 13:0:0:1: [sdg] No Caching mode page found [33300.465912] sd 13:0:0:1: [sdg] Assuming drive cache: write through [33300.470489] sd 13:0:0:0: [sdf] Attached SCSI removable disk [33300.479493] sdg: sdg1 [33300.483566] sd 13:0:0:1: [sdg] Attached SCSI removable disk
Im obigen Fall ist die Platte, die neu eingefügten wurde als /dev/sdg verfügbar. Notieren Sie dies sorgfältig und verwenden Sie es in dem Kopierschritt unten.
- Entpacken Sie das heruntergeladene Image:
$ xz -d freedombox-unstable-free_2015-12-13_cubietruck-armhf.img.xz
Der oben stehende Befehl ist ein Beispiel für das cubietruck Image vom 2015.12.13. Ihre heruntergeladene Datei wird einen anderen Namen haben.
Kopieren Sie das Image auf Ihre Karte. Überprüfen sie dabei alle Schritte sehr genau um sicherzustellen, dass Sie nicht aus Versehen auf den Speicher des Computers (wie /dev/sda) schreiben. Stellen Sie auch sicher, dass Sie diesen Schritt nicht als root durchführen, um zu vermeiden versehentlich Daten auf Ihrer Festplatte durch einen Fehler bei der Identifizierung des Geräts oder einem Fehler während der Eingabe des Befehls zu löschen. USB Sticks und SD-Karten sollten in der Regel für normale Benutzer beschreibbar sein. Wenn Sie nicht über die Berechtigung verfügen, auf die SD-Karte als Benutzer zu schreiben, müssen Sie diesen Befehl als root ausführen. In diesem Fall überprüfen Sie alles dreifach, bevor Sie den Befehl ausführen. Eine weitere Sicherheitsmaßnahme ist, alle externen Festplatten mit Ausnahme der SD-Karte abzuziehen, bevor Sie den Befehl ausführen.
For example, if your SD card is /dev/sdf as noted in the first step above, then to copy the image, run:
Zum Beispiel, wenn die SD-Karte /dev/sdf heißt, wie im ersten Schritt oben festgestellt wurde, dann führen Sie folgendes aus, um das Image zu kopieren:
$ cd build $ dd bs=1M if=freedombox-unstable-free_2015-12-13_cubietruck-armhf.img of=/dev/sdf conv=fdatasync
Andere moglichkeit zum kopieren zum SD card, when dd ist nicht for hande.
$ cat freedombox-unstable-free_2015-12-13_cubietruck-armhf.img > /dev/sdf ; sync
Fur MS Windows gibt das programm etcher.
Der oben stehende Befehl ist ein Beispiel für das cubietruck Image vom 2015.12.13. Ihre heruntergeladenen Dateinamen wird anders sein.
Bei der Auswahl des Geräts, verwenden Sie den Laufwerkbuchstaben, wie /dev/sdf, nicht ein nummerisches Ziel, wie /dev/sdf1. Das Gerät ohne Nummer bezieht sich auf die gesamte Vorrichtung, während der Name mit Zahl auf eine bestimmte Partition verweist. Wir wollen das ganze Gerät verwenden. Heruntergeladene Images enthalten alle Informationen über wie viele Partitionen benötigt werden, ihre Größen und Typen. Sie müssen nicht die SD-Karte formatieren oder Partitionen erstellen. Alle Daten auf der SD-Karte werden während des Schreibprozesses gelöscht werden.
Verwenden Sie das Image, indem Sie die SD-Karte oder USB-Platte in das Gerät einsetzen und von ihm starten. Ihr Gerät sollte ebenfalls vorbereitet worden sein (siehe den entsprechenden Abschnitt).
Lesen Sie (den Rest) des Handbuchs für Anweisungen, wie Sie Anwendungen in FreedomBox verwenden.
Anwendungen (Apps)
1. Bepasty (Datei- und Ausschnittteilen)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 20.14
1.1. Was ist Bepasty?
Bepasty ist eine Webanwendung, mit der man grosse Dateien laden und freigeben kann. Man kann auch Text- und Codeausschnitten kleben und freigeben. Benutzer können Vorblicke von Texte, Bilde, Audio, Video und PDF Dateien sich im Webbrowser vorschauen. Man kann ein Ablaufzeit für die Freigegebene Dateien einstellen.
1.2. Bilschirmfoto
1.3. Passwörter und Erlaubnisse
Bepasty verwendet nur Passwörter (keine Benutzernamen), um Zugriff zu steuern. Der Benutzer kriegt verschiebene Erlaubnisse, je nach Passwort. Man kann folgende Erlaubnisse kombinieren:
lesen: Kann eine Datei lesen, wenn man die URL kennt.
listen: Alle Dateien auflisten.
erschaffen: Eine neue Datei kleben, bzw. aufladen.
löschen: Eine Datei löschen.
verwalten: Dateie absperren, bzw. entsperren.
Nach der Installation Bepasty ist voreingestellt für folgende Rollen:
- Schauer: Kann Dateien lesen und auflisten
- Editor: Kann Dateien lesen, auflisten, erschaffen und löschen
- Verwalter: Vollberechtigt
Diese Rollen unterstüttzen der Anwendungsfall einer Dateifreigabe unter bekannten, berechtigte Benutzern. Bei Bedarf kann man Bepasty für andere Rolle bzw. Anwendungsfälle wiedereinstellen.
1.4. Verteilung von Passwörte
Standardmässig ist der öffentlichen Zugriff auf None eingestellt, sodass eine Passwort für Zugriff auf Bepasty verlangt wird. Das heisst, dass Sie die Passwörte über andere vorhandene Kommunikationskanäle an die entschprechenden Benutzer vertilen müssen.
Beachten Sie btte, dass Sie wahrscheinlich mehrere verschiedene Passwörte mit dem selben Erlaubnissmenge erstellen möchten. Dies erlaubt jeder Benutzer (bzw Benutzergruppe) eine eigene Passwort zu kriegen. Wenn Sie dann einem bestimmten Benutzer den Zugriff entziehen möchten, können Sie dessen Passwork einfach löschen. Die andere Benutzer bleiben ungetroffen, denn jeder hat seine eigene Passwort.
1.5. Bepasty verwenden
Nach Anmeldung bei Bepasty, wenn Sie erlaubt zu "erschaffen" sind, wird ein grosses Textfeld angeboten in das Sie beliebigen Text kleben können. Sie dürfen auch Dateiname oder Content-Type für dem Inhalt angeben. Wenn Sie auf Senden klicken, wird die Datei erschafft.
Sie können auch Dateie ziehen in den unteren Bereich ablegen, und sie werden sofort aufgeladen. Sie können auch eine Liste erschaffen, um eine Sammlung hochgeladener Dateien zu verfolgen.
Sie können einen maximalen Lebensdauertwert festlegen. Nach Ablauf dieser Zeit wird die Datei gelösch.
Wenn Sie erlaubt zu "listen" sind, wird oben auf der Seite ein Link Alle Elemente Auflisten angezeigt. Dies zeigt alle Dateien an, die erschafft oder aufgeladen wurden.
Wenn Sie erlaubt zu "löschen" oder "verwalten" sind, werden auf der Listenseite neben jeder Datei weitere Aktionen angeboten.
Wenn Sie nur zu "lesen" erlaubt sind, brauchen Sie eine Passwort und eine oder mehrere URLs für vorhandene Dateien, um sie zu lesen,
1.6. Passwortverwaltung
Die Bepasty-Konfigurationseite im FreedomBox Interface erlaubt Sie neue Passwörter zu erstellen und verhandene zu löschen. When Sie eine Passwort erstellen, können Sie die oben beschriebene Berechtigungen kombinieren. Beachten Sie, dass ein Verwalter alle Berechtigungen haben sollte (nicht nur "Verwalter").
Sie können auch ein Kommentar angeben. Es ist empfohlen, sich damit der Zweck des Passwortes, bzw. wer sie es verwenden wird, zu merken.
Man kann auch öffentlichen Zugriff konfigurieren. Damit legt man Standarderlaubnisse, die auch ohne Anmeldung gelten, fest. So kann man festlegen, ob man Dateie über ihre URL lesen darf, oder ob man alle Dateie auflisten und lesen darf.
1.7. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://github.com/bepasty
Benutzerdocumentation: https://bepasty-server.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user.html
2. Calibre (E-Book-Bibliothek)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 20.15
Calibre ist eine E-Book-Verwaltung-Lösung. In Caliber Sie können ihre E-Books in Sammlungen oder "Bibliotheken" organisieren. Caliber kann unter den meisten gängigen E-Book-Formaten umstellen. Es kann auch Metadaten Ihrer E-Books wie Buchumschläge, Beschreibungen, Autoren- und Herausgeberinformationen usw. verwalten.
Ihre Caliberbibliothek von Ihrem Desktop auf Ihre FreedomBox zu verschieben bringt den Vorteil, daß Sie von jedem Gerät im lokalen Netzwerk oder über das Internet auf Ihre E-Books zugreifen können.
Nur Mitglieder der Gruppe calibre haben zugriff auf die Bibliotheken. Sie können Benuzten in dieser Gruppe mit der Systemanwendung Benutzer und Gruppe angliedern.
Möglicherweise kennen Sie schon den E-Book-Reader, der mit der Caliber Anwendung auf Ihrem Desktop geliefert wird. Die Serverversion Calibers, die auf Ihrer FreedomBox installiert ist, liefert einen webbasierten E-Book-Reader mit ähnlichem Erfahrbarkeit. So können Sie Ihre E-Books von jedem Gerät mit einem Webbrowser lesen.
Hinweis zu Kaliberversionen: Bitte beachten Sie, daß je nach der Debian-Version, auf der Ihre FreedomBox ausgeführt wird, möglicherweise eine andere Hauptversion Calibers ausgeführt wird. Debian Stable (Buster) liefert Caliber 3.x, Testing und Instable liefert Caliber 5.x. Das heißt, daß einige der experimentellen Funktionen wie der webbasierte E-Book-Reader möglicherweise nicht so gut funktionieren, wenn Sie auf Debian Stable arbeiten. Diese Situation wird sich verbessern, wenn Debian 11 (Bullseye) nächstes Jahr veröffentlicht wird. FreedomBox liefert keine rückportierten Caliberpakete.
2.1. Bibliothekenverwaltung
Nach der Installation des Kalibers wird eine Standardbibliothek namens "Library" zur Verfügung gestellt. Der FreedomBox-Administrator kann Bibliotheken, einschließlich der Standardbibliothek, in den App-Einstellungen der FreedomBox-Weboberfläche hinzufügen oder löschen.
2.2. Zugriff
Nach der Installierung kann man auf Caliber über den Webclient unter https://<Name_meines_Freedomboxes>/calibre zugreiffen.
2.3. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://calibre-ebook.com
3. Coturn (VoIP-Helfer)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 20.8
Coturn ist ein Server zur Erleichterung von Audio- bzw. Videoanrufen und Konferenzen durch die Implementierung von TURN- und STUN- Protokollen. WebRTC, SIP und andere Kommunikationsserver können damit einen Anruf zwischen Teilnehmern herstellen, die sonst keine Verbindung zueinander herstellen können.
Es ist nicht, um direkt von Benutzern verwendet zu werden entworfen. Server wie Matrix Synapse müßen mit den auf der Coturn-App-Seite angegebenen Details konfiguriert werden. Abgesehen von Matrix Synapse können Jitsi, Ejabberd, Nextcloud Talk usw. den Coturn-Server für Audio- bzw. Videoanrufe und Konferenzen verwenden. Man braucht nicht die Coturn-Serversoftware auf demselben Rechner wie FreedomBox ausgeführt werden, und externe Komunikationsserver können den von FreedomBox gelieferten Coturn verwenden.
Coturn ist in FreedomBox als fortgeschrittene Anwendung bezeichnet. Das heißt, daß um das Coturn-Ikon im Abteilung "Apps" zu sehen, Sie die Option "Fortgeschrittene Apps und Funktionen anzeigen" unter "Allgemeine Konfiguration" aktivieren müßen.
3.1. Wie funktioniert es
Bei einen Audio- bzw. Videoanruf soll man lieber die Medienströme direkt zwischen beide Seiten leiten. Dies bietet die bestmögliche Latenz (beßere Signalqualität) und vermeidet die Abhängigkeit von einem zentralen Server (Datenschutz). Es läßt sich gut skalieren, denn ein einfacher Chat-Server kann Tausende Anrufen hosten, bei dem der Server nirgends außer beim Anrufseinrichtung mitmacht. Dieser Ansatz funktioniert jedoch wegen der Netzwerkkonfiguration meistens nicht. Den meisten Netzwerkbetutzer ist keine eindeutige IP-Adreße zugewiesen. Sie arbeiten versteckt hinter einem Netzwerkgerät, das für sie Network Address Translation (NAT) ausführt. Das heißt, daß beide Seiten keine Möglichkeit haben, sich gegenseitig zu erreichen.
Als Lösung zu diesem Problem, wurde eine einfache Technik namens STUN eingeführt. Mithilfe eines drittseits STUN-Servers können die Seiten die NAT-Geräte austricksen, um den Datenverkehr zwischen beiden zu übertragen. Leider funktioniert dieser Trick nur in etwa 80% der Fälle. Wenn STUN fehlschlägt, haben die Seiten keine andere Wahl, als ihren Datenverkehr über einen Zwischenserver namens TURN-Server weiterzuleiten. Der ganze Mechanismus, STUN zuerst auszuprobieren und dann auf TURN zurückzugreifen, wird in einem Protokoll namens ICE beschrieben.
Auf FreedomBox bietet Coturn sowohl STUN- als auch TURN-Server. Beide Dienste werden sowohl über TCP als auch über UDP bereitgestellt. Sie werden sowohl auf unverschlüßelten als auch auf verschlüßelten Kanälen (die höhere Erfolgschancen haben) bereitgestellt. Da STUN-Server sehr kostengünstig sind und wenige Servermitteln verbrauchen, braucht man keine Authentifizierung, um sie zu verwenden. Dagegen, TURN-Server benötigen Authentifizierung. Diese Authentifizierung ist stark vereinfacht und erfordert keine Benutzerdatenbankpflege. Ein Server wie Matrix-Synapse, der einen Audio- bzw. Videoanruf zwischen 2 Seiten einrichten soll, generiert einen Benutzernamen und ein Kennwort durch eines gemeinsamen Geheimnis. Wenn die Seiten den TURN-Server verwenden, werden sie anhand dieser Anmeldeinformationen überprüft, da der TURN-Server dieses Geheimnis shon kennt.
Zusammenfaßend, ein Kommunikationsserver muß die URLs der STUN bzw. TURN-Server sowie ein gemeinsames Authentifizierungsgeheimnis für TURN kennen. Danach steuert er die korrekte Verwendung von STUN bzw. TURN-Servern während des Einrichtens von Audio- bzw. Videoanrufen zwischen beide Seiten. Die Coturn-App auf FreedomBox bietet genau diese Informationen, die dann beim Einstellung eines Kommunikationsservers verwendet werden können, unabhängig davon, ob er auf derselben FreedomBox oder auf einem anderen Server ausgeführt wird.
3.2. Einstellung von Matrix Synapse
Der Matrix Synapse-Server kann in FreedomBox für die Verwendung des Coturn TURN bzw. STUN-Servers eingestellt werden. In der Zukunft, wenn Sie Matrix Synapse installieren, wird FreedomBox automatisch Coturn installieren und seine Parameter in Matrix Synapse einstellen. Um Matrix Synapse einzustellen, bearbeiten Sie die Datei /etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml mit den folgenden Zeilen
turn_uris: [ "stun:myfreedombox.example.org:3478?transport=udp", "stun:myfreedombox.example.org:3478?transport=tcp", "turn:myfreedombox.example.org:3478?transport=udp", "turn:myfreedombox.example.org:3478?transport=tcp" ] turn_shared_secret: "my-freedombox-provided-secret" turn_user_lifetime: 86400000 turn_allow_guests: True
Der Wert für turn_shared_secret wird als static-auth-secret in der Datei /etc/coturn/freedombox.conf angegeben
Starten Sie anschließend den Matrix-Synapse-Server neu, indem Sie die Matrix-Synapse Anwendung deaktivieren und wieder aktivieren.
3.3. Portweiterleitung
Wenn sich Ihre FreedomBox hinter einem Router befindet, müßen Sie die Portweiterleitung auf Ihrem Router einrichten. Sie sollten die folgenden Ports für Coturn weiterleiten:
- UDP 3478
- TCP 3478
- UDP 3479
- TCP 3479
- UDP 5349
- TCP 5349
- UDP 5350
- TCP 5350
- UDP 49152-50175
- TCP 49152-50175
3.4. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://github.com/coturn/coturn
4. Deluge (Verteilte Dateifreigabe über BitTorrent)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.5
4.1. Was ist Deluge?
Deluge ist ein BitTorrent-Netzknoten (Client sowohl als Server, beide gleichzeitig).
BitTorrent ist ein Kommunikationsprotokoll für Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Freigabe von Dateien.
Es ist nicht anonym; Sie sollen davon ausgehen, daß andere sehen können, welche Dateien Sie freigeben.
- Diese Technologie eignet sich am besten für große, beliebte Dateien
In FreedomBox sind zwei BitTorrent-Webknoten verfügbar: Transmission und Deluge. Sie haben ähnliche Funktionen, aber wahrscheinlich mögen Sie eine lieber als der anderen.
Deluge ist ein leichter BitTorrent-Client, der hochgradig konfigurierbar ist. Zusätzliche Funktionen können durch die Einrichtung von Erweiterungen (Plugins) hinzugefügt werden.
4.2. Bildschirmfoto
4.3. Ersteinrichtung
Nach der Einstellung, setzen Sie Ihren Browser auf https://<Ihre Freedombox>/deluge, um auf Deluge zuzugreifen. Sie müssen ein Passwort eingeben, um sich anzumelden:
Das ursprüngliche Passwort lautet "deluge". Bei erster Anmeldung, fragt Deluge, ob Sie das Passwort ändern möchten. Sie sollen es in etwas ändern, das schwerer zu erraten ist.
Dann, wird Ihnen der Verbindungsmanager angezeigt. Klicken Sie auf den ersten Eintrag (Offline - 127.0.0.1:58846). Klicken Sie dann auf "Daemon starten", um den Deluge-Dienst zu starten, der im Hintergrund ausgeführt wird.
Nun sollte es "Online" zeigen. Klicken Sie auf "Verbinden", um die Einrichtung zu vervollständigen.
An diesem Punkt können Sie Deluge verwenden. Sie können weitere Einstellungen verändern oder eine Torrent-Datei bzw. URL hinzufügen.
4.4. Externe Links
- Orginalprojekte:
Deluge: https://www.deluge-torrent.org
BitTorrent: https://www.bittorrent.org
- Protokollbeschreibung:
In Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent
5. Ejabberd (Unterhaltungsserver)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.3
5.1. Was ist XMPP?
XMPP ist ein Server-Client bundes, Unterhaltungsprotokoll. Das heißt, daß Benutzer eines Servers mit Benutzern anderer Servern miteinander reden können.
XMPP kann auch für Lautstimme- und Videoanrufe verwendet werden, sofern dies von den Clients unterstützt wird.
FreedomBox liefert derzeit über seine Weboberfläche sowohl einen Server (ejabberd) als auch einen Webclient (JSXC).
5.2. Privatsphäre
Mit XMPP kann man Unterhaltungen in zwei Weisen gesichert werden:
- Dies sichert die Verbindung zwischen Client und Server oder zwischen zwei Servern. Dies sollte von allen Clients unterstützt werden und wird dringend empfohlen.
- Ende-zu-Ende: Dadurch werden die übersendeten Nachrichten, so gesichert, daß selbst der Server ihre Inhalt nicht sehen kann. Das neueste und bequemste Protokoll, namens OMEMO, wird aber noch nur von wenigen Clients unterstützt. Es gibt ein anderes Protokoll namens OTR, das möglicherweise von einigen Clients, denen OMEMO-Unterstützung fehlt, unterstützt wird. Beide Clients müßen dasselbe Protokoll unterstützen, damit es funktioniert.
5.3. Festlegen des Domainnamens
Damit XMPP funktioniert, muß Ihre FreedomBox einen Domänennamen haben, durch den man über das Netzwerk auf sie zugreiffen kann.
Wenn Sie nur die Lokalnetzwerkbenutzer sich miteinander zu unterhalten laßen brauchen, können Sie Ihren Domainnamen erfinden. Wenn Sie jedoch möchten, daß Benutzer aus dem Internet Ihren Räumen beitreten, brauchen Sie einen öffentlichen Domainnamen. Weitere Informationen zum Abrufen eines Domänennamens finden Sie im Abteilung Dynamisches DNS dieses Handbuchs.
Sobald Sie einen Domainnamen haben, können Sie Ihre FreedomBox anweisen, ihn zu verwenden, indem Sie den Domainnamen in der Systemkonfiguration festlegen .
Hinweis: Nach dem Ändern Ihres Domainnamens vielleicht zeigt die Seite Chat Server (XMPP) an, daß der Dienst nicht ausgeführt wird. Nach etwa einer Minute sollte es wieder betriebsbereit sein.
Beachten Sie bitte, daß PageKite das XMPP-Protokoll derzeit nicht unterstützt.
5.4. Verwendung von Let's Encrypt-Zertifikat für ejabberd
Wenn Ihr FreedomBox-Server ein Let's Encrypt-Zertifikat verwendet, möchten Sie es auch für ejabberd benutzen. Defür, gehen Sie als Ihr FreedomBox admin, zu System -> Let's Encrypt, und wählen Sie das Kontrollkästchen "Zertifikat für ejabberd verwenden":
5.5. Registrieren von FreedomBox-Benutzern zur Verwendung von XMPP
Derzeit können sich alle über FreedomBox erstellten Benutzer beim XMPP-Server anmelden. Sie können neue Benutzer über das Systemmodul Benutzern und Gruppen hinzufügen. Es ist egal, welche Gruppen für den neuen Benutzer ausgewählt werden.
5.6. Port-Weiterleitung
Wenn sich Ihre FreedomBox hinter einem Router befindet, müßen Sie die Portweiterleitung auf Ihrem Router einrichten. Sie sollten die folgenden Ports für XMPP weiterleiten:
- TCP 5222 (Client-zu-Server)
- TCP 5269 (Server-zu-Server)
- TCP 5280 (?)
5.7. Kompatible Clients
FreedomBox bietet einen Webclient: JSXC.
XMPP-Clients sind für verschiedene Desktop- und mobile Plattformen verfügbar. FreedomBox leitet Sie zu Herunterladungsquellen für manche davon weiter. Fühlen Sie sich Frei, hier unsere Liste zu ergänzen (freie Registrierung erforderlich). Wir werden es merken und vielleicht listen wir es in FreedomBox.
5.7.1. Mobile clients
Sie können einen der unten aufgeführten XMPP-Clients für Ihr Smartphone oder Tablet herunterladen.
5.7.1.1. Conversations (Android)
Conversations ist ein Android XMPP-Client mit Unterstützung für Videounterhaltungen, der auf F-Droid und Play Store erhältlich ist. Außer Textunterhaltungen, können Sie mit Conversations Bilder senden und Gruppenunterhaltungen führen.
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Von links nach rechts: (1) Begrüßungbildschirm - (2) Anmeldebildschirm - (3) Kontakthinzufügung.
Nach Herunterladung und Aufruf von Conversations, werden Sie gefragt, ob Sie ein neues Konto erstellen möchten oder ob Sie schon eins haben (1).
Wenn Sie bereits ein XMPP-Konto haben, müßen Sie es nur zusammen mit Ihrem XMPP-Kennwort eingeben (2).
Wenn Sie kein XMPP-Konto haben, können Sie mit Conversations entweder einen XMPP-Anbieter eingeben, den Sie bereits ausgewählt haben, oder auf einfache Weise ein Konto bei conversations.im erstellen (diese letzte Möglichkeit trägt einem Preis mit und Sie brauchen dem Dienstanbieter zu vertrauen) (3).
Mit Ihrem XMPP-Konto angemeldet, möchten Sie wahrscheinlich ein Geschpräch anfangen. Klicken Sie dazu auf + : Vershiedene Optionen erlauben Sie andere Personen zu kontaktieren (4).
5.7.1.2. Movim (Android)
Movim ist ein freier Software XMPP-Client mit Unterstützung für Videounterhaltungen, der auf F-Droid erhältlich ist.
5.7.1.3. ChatSecure (iOS)
ChatSecure ist ein freier Software XMPP-Client mit Unterstützung für Videounterhaltungen, der auf App Store erhältlich ist.
5.7.1.4. Monal (iOS)
Monal ist ein freier Software XMPP-Client mit Unterstützung für Videounterhaltungen, der auf App Store erhältlich ist.
5.7.1.5. Siskin (iOS)
Siskin ist ein freier Software XMPP-Client mit Unterstützung für Videounterhaltungen, der auf App Store erhältlich ist.
5.7.2. Desktop-Clients
5.7.2.1. Gajim (Windows, MacOS, Linux)
Gajim ist ein XMPP-freier Software-Desktop-Client für Windows, MacOS und Linux. Diese Anwendung ist für Debian verfügtbar und für andere Betriebsysteme kann man man sie von dieser Seite herunterladen und Installierungsanweisungen finden.
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Von links nach rechts: (1) Begrüßungbildschirm - (2) Anmeldebildschirm - (3) Hauptbildschirm.
Am ersten start von Gajim (1) ein Dialogfeld wird mit einer Frage angezeigt, ob man nun mit Ihr XMPP-(FreedomBox)-Konto beitreten oder ein neues registrieren soll. Wenn Sie zu beitreten wählen, dachdem Sie auf "Forwärts" klicken, werden Sie um einem Jabber ID und Paßwort gefragt (2): Sie sollen hier Ihren FreedomBox-Konto und Paßwort hinzufügen.
Letztendlich, nach erfolgreicher Anmeldung der Gajim Hauptbildschirm wird angzeigt (3). Hier können Sie neue Anschprechpartner festlegen (Konto > Neuer Anschprechpartner...) und dann, neue Unterhaltungen starten (Gajim > Unterhaltung starten).
5.7.2.2. Dino (Linux)
Dino ist ein XMPP-freier Software-Client für den Desktop. Es ist für https://github.com/dino/dino/wiki/Distribution-Packages verfügbar.
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Von links nach rechts: (1) Begrüßungbildschirm - (2) Anmeldebildschirm - (3) Geschprächanfang
Am ersten start von Dino nach der Installation, klicken Sie auf die Schaltfläche "Konto einrichten". Sie werden dann nach Ihrer JID gefragt : Dies ist Ihr FreedomBox-Konto. Geben Sie es ein und klicken Sie auf "Weiter" (2). Alternativ können Sie auf "Konto erstellen" klicken, wenn Sie kein FreedomBox-Konto haben.
Sobald Sie sich angemeldet haben, düfen Sie entweder ein Gespräch mit einem Ihrer XMPP-Kontakte beginnen oder einem Kanal beitreten (3).
5.7.2.3. Movim (Linux)
Movim ist ein freier Software XMPP-Client für Linux mit Unterstützung für Videounterhaltungen. Das Projekt liefert ein inoffizielles Debian-Paket.
5.7.2.4. Monal (MacOS)
Monal ist ein freier Software XMPP-Client mit Unterstützung für Videounterhaltungen, der auf Mac App Store erhältlich ist.
5.8. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://www.ejabberd.im
Benutzerdocumentation: https://docs.ejabberd.im
Client-Anwendungen-Webseiten:
Conversations: https://conversations.im
Gajim: https://gajim.org
Movim: https://movim.eu
ChatSecure: https://chatsecure.org
Monal: https://monal.im
Siskin: https://siskin.im
6. GitWeb (einfältiges Git-Hosting)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 19.19
Git ist ein verteiltes Versionskontrollsystem zur Verfolgung von Quellcodeänderungen während der Softwareentwicklung. GitWeb bietet eine Weboberfläche für Git-Quellcodebehälter. Sie können sowohl den Verlauf als den Inhalt des Quellcodes durchsuchen und mithilfe der Suche bestimmte Commits und Code finden. Sie können auch Quellcodebehälter klonen und Codeänderungen mit einem Befehlszeil-basierten oder mit mehreren verfügbaren grafischen Gitclients hochladen. Und Sie können Ihren Code mit Leute auf der ganzen Welt teilen.
Um mehr über die Verwendung von Git zu lernen, besuchen Sie das Git-Tutorial.
6.1. Verwaltung von Quellcodebehälter
Nach der Installation von GitWeb kann man einen neuen Codebehälter schaffen. Man kann es als privat markieren, um seinen Zugriff zu beschränken.
6.2. Zugriff
Auf GitWeb kann nach der Installation, z.B. vom Webclient, über https://<Name_meiner_Freedombox>/gitweb zugegriffen werden
6.3. HTTP-Basisauthentifizierung
Auf FreedomBox unterstützt GitWeb derzeit nur HTTP-Fernbedienungen. Vermeiden Sie das Kennwort jedes Mal Sie an ein Codebehälter ziehen bzw. verschieben eingeben zu müßen, indem Sie Ihre Fernbedienung, um die Anmeldeinformationen einzuschließen, bearbeiten.
Beispiel: https://username:password@my.freedombox.rocks/gitweb/myrepo
Ihr Benutzername und Ihr Passwort werden verschlüßelt. Jemand, der den Netzwerkverkehr überwacht, bemerkt nur den Domänennamen.
Hinweis: Mit dieser Methode wird Ihr Kennwort im Klartext in der Datei .git/config des lokalen Codebehälters gespeichert. Deswegen, sollten Sie einen FreedomBox-Benutzer shaffen, der Zugriff nur auf Gitweb hat und niemals ein Administratorkonto verwenden.
6.4. Spiegelnachbildung
Obwohl Ihre Quellcodebehälters hauptsächlich auf Ihrer eigenen FreedomBox gehostet werden, können Sie einen Behälter auf einem anderen Git-Hosting-System wie GitLab als Spiegel konfigurieren.
6.5. Externe Links
Benutzerdocumentation: https://git-scm.com/docs/gitweb
7. I2P (Anonymitätnetzwerk)
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7.1. Über I2P
Das Invisible Internet Project ist eine anonyme Netzwerkschicht, die die Kommunikation vor Zensur und Überwachung zu schützen versucht. I2P bietet Anonymität, indem verschlüßelter Datenverkehr über ein Weltweit verteiltes, von Freiwilligen betriebenes Netzwerk geleitet wird.
7.2. Angebotene Dienste
FreedomBox bietet standardmäßig folgenden Dienste über I2P. Über die FreedomBox-Weboberfläche kann man die I2P-Routerkonsole starten, und daran zusätzliche Dienste aktiviert werden.
Anonymes Surfen im Internet: Mit I2P können Sie anonym im Internet surfen. Konfigurieren Sie dazu Ihren Browser (lieber einen Tor-Browser) so, daß er eine Verbindung zum I2P-Proxy herstellt. Setzen Sie dafür der HTTP-Proxy und der HTTPS-Proxy auf freedombox.local (oder die lokale IP-Adresse Ihrer FreedomBox ) und die Ports auf 4444 bwz. 4445. Dieser Dienst ist nur verfügbar, wenn Sie FreedomBox über ein lokales Netzwerk (Netzwerke in der internen Zone) erreichen, und nicht verfügbar, wenn man über das Internet eine Verbindung zu FreedomBox herstellt. Eine Ausnahme ist, wenn Sie über das Internet eine Verbindung zum VPN-Dienst von FreedomBox herstellen, können Sie diesen Dienst doch verwenden.
Eepsites erreichen Das I2P-Netzwerk kann Websites hosten, die anonym bleiben können. Diese werden als Eepsites bezeichnet und ihre Domainnamen enden in .i2p. Zum Beispiel http://i2p-projekt.i2p/ ist die Website für das I2P-Projekt im I2P-Netzwerk. Eepsites sind mit einem normalen Browser über eine normale Internetverbindung unerreichbar. Zum Durchsuchen von Eepsites muss Ihr Browser so konfiguriert sein, daß HTTP- und HTTPS-Proxys wie oben beschrieben verwendet werden. Dieser Dienst ist nur verfügbar, wenn Sie FreedomBox über ein lokales Netzwerk (Netzwerke in der internen Zone) erreichen, und nicht verfügbar, wenn man über das Internet eine Verbindung zu FreedomBox herstellt. Eine Ausnahme ist, wenn Sie über das Internet eine Verbindung zum VPN-Dienst von FreedomBox herstellen, können Sie diesen Dienst doch verwenden.
Anonyme Torrent-Downloads: I2PSnark, eine Anwendung zum anonymen Herunterladen und Dateifreigabe über das BitTorrent-Netzwerk, ist in I2P verfügbar und in FreedomBox standardmäßig aktiviert. Diese Anwendung wird über eine Weboberfläche gesteuert, die über den Abschnitt "Anonyme Torrents" der I2P-App in der FreedomBox-Weboberfläche oder über die I2P-Routerkonsolenoberfläche gestartet werden kann. Nur angemeldete Benutzer der Gruppe "I2P-Anwendung verwalten" dürfen diesen Dienst verwenden.
IRC Netzwerk: Das I2P-Netzwerk enthält ein IRC-Netzwerk namens Irc2P. Dieses Netzwerk hostet unter anderem den offiziellen IRC-Kanal des I2P-Projekts. Dieser Dienst ist in FreedomBox standardmäßig aktiviert. Öffnen Sie dafür Ihren LieblingsIRC-Client. Konfigurieren Sie es dann so, daß es eine Verbindung zum Host freedombox.local (oder zur lokalen IP-Adresse Ihrer FreedomBox ) mit der Portnummer 6668 herstellt. Dieser Dienst ist nur verfügbar, wenn Sie FreedomBox über ein lokales Netzwerk (Netzwerke in der internen Zone) erreichen, und nicht verfügbar, wenn man über das Internet eine Verbindung zu FreedomBox herstellt. Eine Ausnahme ist, wenn Sie über das Internet eine Verbindung zum VPN-Dienst von FreedomBox herstellen, können Sie diesen Dienst doch verwenden.
I2P Routerkonsole: Dies ist die Zentralverwaltungsoberfläche für I2P. Es zeigt den aktuellen Status von I2P, Bandbreitenstatistiken und ermöglicht das Ändern verschiedener Konfigurationseinstellungen. Sie können Ihre Teilnahme am I2P-Netzwerk anpaßen und eine Liste Ihrer LieblingsI2P-Sites (Eepsites) verwenden bzw. bearbeiten. Nur angemeldete Benutzer der Gruppe "I2P-Anwendung verwalten" dürfen diesen Dienst verwenden.
7.3. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://geti2p.net/de/
Benutzerdokumentation: https://i2pd.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
8. Ikiwiki (Wiki und Blog)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.5
8.1. Was ist Ikiwiki?
Ikiwiki verwandelt Wiki-Seiten in HTML-Seiten, die zum Veröffentlichen auf einer Website geeignet sind. Es bietet insbesondere Blogging, Podcasting, Kalender und eine große Auswahl an Plugins.
8.2. Schnellstart
Nach der Installation des Apps auf der Verwaltungssoberfläche Ihrer FreedomBox:
- Gehen Sie zum Abschnitt "Erstellen" und erstellen Sie ein Wiki oder ein Blog.
Gehen Sie zurück zum Abschnitt "Konfigurieren" und klicken Sie auf den Link /ikiwiki.
- Klicken Sie unter "Übergeordnetes Verzeichnis" auf Ihren neuen Wiki- oder Blognamen.
- Viel Spaß mit Ihrer neuen Veröffentlichungssseite.
8.3. Erstellen eines Wikis oder Blogs
Auf der "Wiki & Blog-Seite (Ikiwiki)" in FreedomBox können Sie ein Wiki oder Blog erstellen, das auf Ihrer FreedomBox gehostet werden soll. In Ihren ersten Besuch zu diesee Seite, wird sie Sie fördern, die für Ikiwiki erforderlichen Pakete zu installieren.
Wählen Sie nach Abschluß der Paketinstallation die Karte "Erstellen". Sie können den Typ Wiki oder Blog auswählen. Geben Sie außerdem einen Namen für das Wiki oder Blog sowie den Benutzernamen und das Paßwort für das Verwaltungskonto des Wikis bzw. Blogs ein. Klicken Sie dann auf "Setup aktualisieren" und Sie werden das Wiki bzw. Blog, das Ihrer Liste hinzugefügt wurde, sehen. Beachten Sie, dass jedes Wiki / Blog sein eigenes Verwaltungskonto hat.
8.4. Zugriff auf Ihr Wiki bzw. Blog
Wählen Sie auf der Seite "Wiki & Blog (Ikiwiki)" die Karte "Verwalten" aus, und Sie sehen eine Liste Ihrer Wikis und Blogs. Klicken Sie auf einen Namen, um diesem Wiki bzw. Blog zu erreichen.
Wenn Sie von hier aus auf "Bearbeiten" oder "Einstellungen" klicken, werden Sie zu einer Anmeldeseite weitergeleitet. Um sich mit dem zuvor erstellten Verwaltungskonto anzumelden, wählen Sie die Karte "Andere", geben Sie den Benutzernamen und das Paßwort ein und klicken Sie auf "Anmelden".
8.5. Benutzeranmeldung über Verinigte Anmeldung (SSO)
Sowie der Wiki / Blog-Verwalter können andere FreedomBox-Benutzer Zugriff auf die Anmeldung und Bearbeitung von Wikis und Blogs erhalten. Sie haben jedoch nicht alle Berechtigungen wie der Wiki-Verwalter. Sie dürfen zwar Seiten hinzufügen oder bearbeiten, aber die Konfiguration des Wikis dürfen sie nicht ändern.
Um einen Wiki-Benutzer hinzuzufügen, gehen Sie in FreedomBox zur Seite "Benutzer und Gruppen" (unter "Systemkonfiguration", das Zahnradsymbol in der oberrechten Seitenecke). Erstellen oder ändern Sie einen Benutzer und fügen Sie ihn der Wiki-Gruppe hinzu. (Benutzer in der Admin-Gruppe haben auch Wiki-Zugriff.)
Um sich als FreedomBox-Benutzer anzumelden, rufen Sie die Anmeldeseite des Wikis / Blogs auf und wählen Sie die Karte "Andere". Klicken Sie dann auf die Schaltfläche "Mit HTTP-Authentifizierung anmelden". Der Browser zeigt ein Popup-Dialogfeld an, in dem Sie den Benutzernamen und das Paßwort des FreedomBox-Benutzers eingeben können.
8.6. Hinzufügung von !FreedomBox-Benutzern als Wiki-Verwaltern
- Melden Sie sich im Wiki mit dem Verwalterkonto an, das bei der Erstellung des Wikis angegeben wurde.
- Klicken Sie auf "Einstellungen" und dann auf "Setup".
Fügen Sie unter "main" unter "Benutzer, die Wiki-Verwalter sind" den Namen eines FreedomBox-Benutzers ein.
- (Optional) Deaktivieren Sie unter "auth plugin: passwordauth" im Kontrollkästchen "enable passwordauth?" diese Möglichkeit. (Hinweis: Dadurch wird die Anmeldung für das alte Verwalterkonto deaktiviert. Nur eine SSO-Anmeldung mit HTTP-Authentifizierung bleibt noch möglich.
- Klicken Sie auf "Einstellung speichern".
- Klicken Sie auf "Einstellungen" und dann auf "Abmelden".
- Melden Sie sich als neuer Verwalter mit "Anmelden mit HTTP-Authentifizierung" an.
8.7. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://ikiwiki.info
9. Infinoted (Kollaborative Textbearbeitung mit Gobby)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.5
infinoted ist ein Server für Gobby, einen kollaborativen Texteditor.
Um es zu verwenden, laden Sie Gobby, den Desktop-Client herunter und installieren Sie es. Starten Sie dann Gobby und wählen Sie "Mit Server verbinden" und geben Sie den Domainnamen Ihrer FreedomBox ein.
9.1. Port-Weiterleitung
Wenn sich Ihre FreedomBox hinter einem Router befindet, müßen Sie die Portweiterleitung auf Ihrem Router einrichten. Sie sollten die folgenden Ports für infinoted weiterleiten:
- TCP 6523
9.2. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://gobby.github.io/libinfinity
10. JSXC (Webbasiertes Untehaltungsclient)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.11.0
JSXC webbasiertes Untehaltungsclient. Man kann damit kompatible Untehaltungsservern beitreten.
Über seine Weboberfläche bietet FreedomBox beide Seiten an: einen Server ([[FreedomBox/Manual/ejabberd|ejabberd]) und einen Webclient (JSXC).
10.1. Technische Leistungsbeschreibung
JSXC implementiert das XMPP über BOSH-Protokoll und ist mit HTML5 gebaut.
XMPP ist ein Verbundenes Server-Client-Protokoll für Instant Messaging. D.h, Benutzer, die sich auf verschiedenen Servern befinden, können sich miteinander unterhalten.
Man kann XMPP auch für Sprach- bzw. Videoanrufe verwenden, sofern die Clients dies unterstützten.
10.2. Installation
Man kann JSXC über seinem Ikon in der Abteilung Apps der FreedomBox-Weboberfläche installieren. Das Ikon für ejabberd (XMPP-Server) bietet auch die Möglichkeit, den Webclient zu starten (und JSXC zu installieren, falls es noch nicht installiert ist).
10.3. Verwendung
Nach Abschluß der Installation des JSXC-Moduls, kann man über der Ikon in der Abteilung Apps der FreedomBox-Weboberfläche auf ihn zugreiffen. Das Ikon für ejabberd (XMPP-Server) bietet auch die Möglichkeit, den Webclient zu starten. Beide leiten Sie zu https://<Ihre FreedomBox>/plinth/apps/xmpp/jsxc/ weiter.
Um es zu verwenden, müßen Sie den Domänennamen des Servers, den Sie einwählen wollen, eingeben. Während der Eingabe wird automatisch die BOSH-Serververbindung zum angegebenen Domänennamen überprüft.
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JSXC bietet Videokonferenz- und Dateiübertragungsfunktionen an, scheinen jedoch in FreedomBox noch nicht zu funktionieren.
10.4. Port-Weiterleitung
Wenn Ihre FreedomBox hinter einem Router steht und Sie einen anderen Server einwählen wollen, müßen Sie die Portweiterleitung auf Ihrem Router einrichten. Sie sollten die folgenden Ports für XMPP weiterleiten:
- TCP 5222 (Client-zu-Server)
10.5. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://www.jsxc.org
Benutzerdokumentation: https://www.jsxc.org/manual.html
11. Matrix Synapse (Unterhaltungsserver)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.14.0
11.1. Was ist Matrix?
Matrix ist ein offener Standard für interoperable, dezentrale Echtzeitkommunikation über IP. Synapse ist die Referenzimplementierung eines Matrix-Servers. Es kann zum Einrichten von Instant Messaging auf FreedomBox, um große Unterhaltungsräume, durchgängige verschlüßelte Kommunikation und Audio- / Videoanrufe zu hosten, verwendet werden. Matrix Synapse ist eine verbundete Anwendung, bei der Unterhaltungsräume auf jedem Server gehostet sein können und Benutzer von jedem Server im Verbundnetzwerk beitreten können. Lernen Sie mehr über Matrix.
11.2. Wie greif man auf Ihren Matrix Synapse-Server zu?
Wir empfehlen dem Client Element, um auf den Matrix Synapse-Server zuzugreifen. Sie können Element für Desktops herunterladen. Mobile Anwendungen für Android und iOS sind in den jeweiligen App Stores erhältlich.
11.3. Port-Weiterleitung
Wenn Ihre FreedomBox hinter einem Router steht, brauchen Sie die Portweiterleitung auf Ihrem Router einrichten. Sie sollten die folgenden Ports für Matrix weiterleiten:
- TCP 8448
11.4. Einrichten von Matrix Synapse auf Ihrer FreedomBox
Um Matrix einzuschalten, navigieren Sie zuerst zur Seite "Matrix Synapse (Unterhaltungsserver)" und installieren Sie sie. Matrix braucht einen gültigen Domainnamen, um konfiguriert zu werden. Nach der Installation werden Sie aufgefordert, sie zu gestalten. Sie können eine Domain aus einem Aufklappmenü mit der verfügbaren Domains auswählen. Domänen werden über die Seite System -> Gestalten festgelegt. Nach der Domaingestaltung sieht man, daß der Dienst ausgeführt wird. Der Dienst ist über der festgelegten FreedomBox-Domain zugreiffbar. Sobald festgelegt, können Sie die Domain derzeit nicht mehr ändern.
Alle registrierten FreedomBox-Benutzer haben ihre Matrix-IDs als @benutzername: domain. Wenn die öffentliche Registrierung angeschltet ist, kann man auch Ihrer ausgewählten Client für Benutzerregistrierung verwenden.
Wenn Ihre FreedomBox hinter einem Router (NAT) steht, brauchen Sie vielleicht Coturn für Stimmeanrufe über IP.
11.5. Verbung mit anderen Matrix-Instanzen
Sie werden mit jeder anderen Person, die eine andere Matrix-Instanz ausführt, interagieren können. Dazu starten Sie einfach ein Gespräch mit ihnen unter Verwendung ihrer Matrix-ID, daß im Format @ihr-Benutzername:ihre-Domain lautet. Sie können auch Räumen beitreten, die sich auf einem anderen Server befinden, sowie Audio- bzw. Videoanrufe mit Kontakten anderer Servern führen.
11.6. Speichernutzung
Der in Python implementierte Synapse-Referenzserver ist bekanntermaßen sehr RAM-hungrig, insbesondere beim Laden großer Räume mit Tausenden von Mitgliedern wie #matrix: matrix.org. Es wird empfohlen, solche Räume nicht zu betreten, wenn Ihr FreedomBox-Gerät nur 1 GB RAM oder weniger hat. Räume mit bis zu hundert Mitgliedern sollten sicher sein. Das Matrix-Team arbeitet an einer neuen in Go geschriebenen Implementierung des Matrix-Servers namens Dendrite, die in Speichermangelhafte Systeme möglicherweise beßer leisten.
Einige große öffentliche Räume im Matrix-Netzwerk sind auch als IRC-Kanäle verfügbar (z.B. #freedombox: matrix.org ist auch als #freedombox auf irc.debian.org verfügbar). Für solchgroße Räume ist es beßer, IRC anstatt Matrix zu verwenden. Sie können den IRC-Kanälen mit Quassel beitreten .
11.7. Fortgeschrittene Verwendung
- Wenn Sie eine große Benutzermenge auf Ihrem Matrix Synapse-Server erstellen möchten, verwenden Sie als Root-Benutzer die folgenden Befehle auf einer Remote-Shell:
cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1 | sed "s+^+registration_shared_secret: +" > /etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/registration_shared_secret.yaml chmod 600 /etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/registration_shared_secret.yaml chown matrix-synapse:nogroup /etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/registration_shared_secret.yaml systemctl restart matrix-synapse register_new_matrix_user -c /etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/registration_shared_secret.yaml
- Wenn Sie die Liste der in Matrix Synapse registrierten Benutzer anzeigen möchten, geben Sie als Root-Benutzer Folgendes an:
apt install sqlite3 echo 'select name from users' | sqlite3 /var/lib/matrix-synapse/homeserver.db
Wenn Sie in Matrix Synapse eine Gesellschaft erstellen wollen, brauchen Sie ein Matrix-Benutzer mit Serveraverwaltungsrechten. Um dem benutzernamen solche Berechtigungen zu erteilen, führen Sie die folgenden Befehle als Root-Benutzer aus:
sudo apt install sqlite3 echo "UPDATE users SET admin=1 WHERE name='@benutzername:domainname'" | sudo sqlite3 /var/lib/matrix-synapse/homeserver.db
11.8. Externe Links
Matrix-Website: https://matrix.org
Synapse-Abteilung: https://matrix.org/docs/projects/server/synapse
Benutzerdokumentation: https://matrix.org/docs/guides
12. MediaWiki (Wiki)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.20.0
12.1. Über MediaWiki
MediaWiki ist die Software, die die Wikimedia-Suite von Wikis unterstützt.
Lesen Sie mehr über MediaWiki auf der Wikipedia.
12.2. MediaWiki auf FreedomBox
MediaWiki ist auf FreedomBox als öffentlich lesbar und privat bearbeitbar gestalten. Nur angemeldete Benutzer dürfen Änderungen am Wiki vornehmen. Solche Gestaltung verhindert Spam und Vandalismus im Wiki.
12.2.1. Benutzerverwaltung
Benutzer können nur vom MediaWikiverwalter (Benutzer "admin") erstellt werden. Man kann den Benutzer "admin" auch für Zurücksetzung von Paßwörtern von MediaWiki-Benutzern verwenden. Wenn man das Verwaltungspaßwort vergißt, kann es jederzeit über die MediaWiki-Appseite in der Weboberfläche zurückgesetzt werden.
12.2.2. Anwendungsfälle
MediaWiki ist sehr vielseitig und man kann es für viele kreative Zwecke nützen. Es kommt auch mit vielen Erweiterungen (Plugins) und Schönheitthemen und ist sehr anpaßbar.
12.2.2.1. Persönliches Wißenslager
MediaWiki kann auf FreedomBox Ihr persönliches Wißenslager sein. Da MediaWiki eine gute Multimedia-Unterstützung bietet, können Sie auf organisierte Weise Notizen schreiben, Bilder speichern, Checklisten erstellen, Referenzen und Lesezeichen speichern usw. Sie können das Wißen Ihres Lebenszeites in Ihrer MediaWiki-Instanz speichern.
12.2.2.2. Gemeinschaftswiki
Eine Benutzergemeinschaft kann MediaWiki als gemeinsames Lager für Wißen und Referenzmaterial verwenden. Man kann es als Anschlagtafel für die Uni, Dokumentationsserver für ein kleines Unternehmen, gemeinsames Notizbuch für Lerngruppen oder als Fan-Wiki wie Wikia verwenden.
12.2.2.3. Persönliche Wikibasierte Website
Mehrere Websites im Internet sind nur MediaWiki-Instanzen. MediaWiki ist auf FreedomBox von Besucher schreibgeschützt. Deswegen kann man es angepaßen, um als Ihre persönliche Website bzw. Ihr Blog zu dienen. MediaWiki-Inhalte sind einfach zu exportieren und können später verschoben werden, um eine andere Blog-Engine zu verwenden.
12.2.3. Bearbeitung von Wiki-Inhalten
Die MediaWiki-Anlage auf FreedomBox wird mit einem Basiseditor mit einer Symbolleiste für allgemeine Optionen wie Fett, Kursiv usw. geliefert. Klicken Sie auf den Abschnitt "Fortgeschritten", um weitere Optionen wie Überschriften, Aufzählungszeichen usw. anzuzeigen.
12.2.3.1. Visueller Editor
Der neue visuelle Editor von MediaWiki bietet eine WYSIWYG-Benutzeroberfläche für Erstellung von Wiki-Seiten. Dies ist immernoch eine Beta-Funktion und wird in MediaWiki nicht standardmäßig bereitgestellt. Als Problemumgehung können Sie Ihre Inhalte mit dem visuellen Editor bei der Wikipedia's Sandbox schreiben, zum Quellbearbeitungsmodus wechseln, und die Inhalte in Ihr Wiki kopieren.
12.2.3.2. Andere Formate
Sie brauchen nicht unbedingt die Formatierungssprache von MediaWiki zu lernen. Sie können in Ihrem Lieblingsformat (Markdown, Org-Modus, LaTeX usw.) schreiben und es mit Pandoc in das MediaWiki-Format verwandeln.
12.2.3.3. Bilder Hochladen
Das Hochladen von Bildern ist seit FreedomBox Version 0.36.0 aktiviert. Sie können auch Bilder aus Wikimedia Commons direkt mit einer Funktion namens Instant Commons verwenden.
12.2.4. Anpassung
12.2.4.1. Skins
Die Standard-Skin von MediaWiki ist normalerweise Vector. Der von FreedomBox festgelegte Standard-Skin ist Timeless.
Vector ist eine Skin, die sich am besten für die Anzeige auf dem Desktopbrowsern eignet. Für mobile Bildschirmgrößen ist es aber ungeeignet. Wikimedia-Websites hosten eine abgesonderte mobile Site. Eine abgesonderte mobile Website lohnt sich nicht für kleine MediaWiki-Anlagen wie die auf FreedomBox. Die Verwendung einer mobilfreundlicher Skin wie Timeless ist eine kostengünstigere Lösung.
Verwalter dürfen einen Standard-Skin bei der App "Einstellung" festlegen. Benutzer der Website behalten aber die Wahl, sie mit einem anderen Skin anzuzeigen.
12.3. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki
13. Minetest (Blockspielraum)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.9
Minetest ist ein Blockspielraum für mehrere Spieler in einem unendlichen Welt. Dieses Modul führt der Minetest-Server auf dieser FreedomBox am Standardport (30000) aus. Man braucht ein Minetest client um eine Verbindung zum Server herzustellen.
13.1. Port-Weiterleitung
Wenn Ihre FreedomBox hinter einem Router steht, brauchen Sie die Portweiterleitung auf Ihrem Router einzurichten. Sie sollten die folgenden Ports für Minetest weiterleiten:
- UDP 30000
13.2. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://www.minetest.net
14. MiniDLNA (Einfältiges Mediaserver)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 19.23
MiniDLNA ist ein Medienserver mit dem Ziel, mit DLNA- und UPnP-Clients kompatibel zu sein.
Hinweis: Dieser Dienst ist nur in "interne" Zone konfigurierten Netzwerken verfügbar. Es ist für Verbindungen über OpenVPN nicht verfügbar.
14.1. Was ist UPnP/DLNA?
Universal Plug & Play ist eine Reihe von Netzwerkprotokollen, die Geräte innerhalb ein Netzwerk wie PCs, Fernseher, Drucker usw., sich nahtlos zu entdecken und Kommunikation für den Datenaustausch herzustellen ermöglichen. Es ist Nullkonfigurationsprotokoll und erfordert nur einen Medienserver und einen Mediaplayer, die mit dem Protokoll kompatibel sind.
DLNA wird von UPnP als eine Form von Medieninteroperabilitätstandardisierung abgeleitet. Es bildet einen Standard bzw. eine Zertifizierung, der viele Unterhaltungselektronikprodukte befolgen.
14.2. MiniDLNA-Einrichtung auf Ihrer FreedomBox
Man aktiviert den Medienserver auf der MiniDLNA-Seite. Die Anwendung soll im internen (Heim-) Netzwerk zu Verfügung gestellt werden und deswegen erfordert sie eine für internen Datenverkehr konfigurierte Netzwerkschnittstelle.
Nach der Installation wird eine Webseite unter https://<Ihre-Freedombox>/_minidlna verfügbar. Es enthält Informationen darüber, wieviele Dateien der Server erkennt, wieviele Verbindungen vorhanden sind, usw. Dies ist sehr nützlich, wenn externe Festplatten, zum überprüfen ob die neuen Mediendateien richtig erkannt werden, angeschloßen werden. Wenn dies nicht klappt, das Problem wird durch deaktivieren und wieder-aktivieren des Servers behoben.
14.3. MiniDLNA-Verwendung für Medienabspiel auf Ihren Geräten
Jedes DLNA-kompatible Gerät oder Mediaplayer sollte fähig sein, MiniDLNA-Medien auf FreedomBox automatisch zu erkennen, zu durchsuchen und abzuspielen. Folgende Geräte und Mediaplayer wurden getestet:
GNOME Videos: Videos ist der Standard-Mediaplayer in der beliebten GNU/Linux-Desktopumgebung GNOME. Öffnen Sie Videos und schalten Sie zu "Kanäle" ab. Sie sollten einen Kanal namens "freedombox: minidlna" sehen. Sie können Medien darin durchsuchen und abspielen.
VLC media player: VLC ist ein sehr beliebter Mediaplayer für GNU/Linux, Android, Windows und MacOS. Öffnen Sie VLC und klicken Sie auf "Ansicht -> Wiedergabeliste". Wählen Sie in der angezeigten Seitenleiste der Wiedergabeliste "Universal Plug'n'Play". Sie sollten ein Element namens "freedombox: minidlna" sehen. Sie sollten Medien darin durchsuchen und abspielen können.
Kodi: Kodi ist eine beliebte Media Center-Software mit einer für Fernseher entworfenen Benutzeroberfläche. Öffnen Sie Kodi, gehen Sie zu 'System -> Diensteinstellungen -> UPnP / DLNA' und 'UPnP-Unterstützung aktivieren'. Besuchen Sie dann 'Home -> Videos -> Dateien -> Videos hinzufügen ... -> Durchsuchen -> UPnP-Geräte'. Sie sollten "freedombox: minidlna" sehen. Wählen Sie es aus und wählen Sie "OK". Wählen Sie dann im Dialogfeld "Videoquelle hinzufügen" die Option "OK". Von nun an sollte "freedombox: minidlna" im Abteilung "Videos -> Dateien" angezeigt werden. Sie sollten Medien darin durchsuchen und abspielen könen. Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der Kodi Dokumentation.
Roku: You should be able to browse and play media from it.
Roku ist einen Fernseher-anschließbar Gerät, um Internet-Streaming-Dienste abzuspielen. Viele Fernseher haben auch Roku eingebaut. Suchen Sie in der Roku-Oberfläche einen Kanal namens "Roku Media Player" und öffnen Sie ihn. Sie sollten einen Element namens "freedombox: minidlna" sehen. Sie sollten Medien darin durchsuchen und abzuspielen könen.
Rhythmbox: Rhythmbox ist der Standard-Audioplayer in der beliebten GNU/Linux-Desktopumgebung GNOME. Öffnen Sie Rhythmbox und stellen Sie fest, daß der Seitenbereich geöffnet ist, indem Sie auf "Anwendungsmenü -> Ansicht -> Seitenbereich" klicken. Im Seitenbereich sollte "freedombox: minidlna" unter "Shared" angezeigt werden. Sie sollten Audiodateien darin durchsuchen und abspielen können. Videodateien werden nicht angezeigt.
14.4. Unterstützte Medienformate
MiniDLNA unterstützt eine Auswahl von Video- und Audiodateiformaten.
Video: Dateien, die in .avi, .mp4, .mkv, .mpg, .mpeg, .wmv, .m4v, .flv, .mov, .3gp usw. enden.
Audio: Dateien, die in .mp3, .ogg, .flac, .wav, .pcm, .wma, .fla, .aac usw. enden.
Bild: Dateien, die in .jpg, .jpeg enden.
Wiedergabeliste: Dateien, die mit .m3u, .pls enden.
Bildunterschriften: Dateien, die in .srt, .smi enden
Insbesondere werden die folgenden Dateiendungen nicht unterstützt. Dateiumbenennungen in eine bekannte Endung scheint in meisten Fällen zu funktionieren.
Video: Dateien, die in .webm enden.
Zusätzlich zum MiniDLNA-Dateiformats muß Ihr Mediaplayer oder Gerät auch die Audio- bzw. Video-Codecs mit denen das Medium codiert wurde, unterstützen. MiniDLNA kann nicht, Dateien in einen vom Player verstandenen Codec übersetzen. Wenn Sie Probleme mit der Medienwiedergabe haben, suchen Sie mit dem VLC-Player nach den in den Medien verwendeten Codecs und überprüfen Sie in der Dokumentation Ihres Geräts oder Mediaplayers, ob die Codecs unterstützt werden.
14.5. Dateisysteme für externe Laufwerke
Bei Verwendung eines externen Laufwerks, das auch von einem Windows-System verwendet wird, das bevorzugtes Dateisystem sollte NTFS sein. NTFS behält die Linux-Dateiberechtigungen und UTF8-Codierung der Dateinamen. Dies ist nützlich, wenn Dateinamen in Ihre Sprache vorhanden sind.
14.6. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: http://minidlna.sourceforge.net
Über DLNA: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Living_Network_Alliance
15. MLDonkey (Peer-to-Peer-Dateifreigabe)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.48.0
15.1. Was ist MLDonkey?
MLDonkey ist eine open-source, Peer-to-Peer, Dateifreigabeanwendung mit mehreren Protokollen, die als Backend-Serveranwendung auf vielen Plattformen ausgeführt wird. Man steuert es über ein unter vielen Frontends. Jeder Frontend stellt verschiedene Benutzeroberflächen bereit, einschließlich Weboberflächen, Telnet-Schnittstelle und eine Dutzend nativer Clientprogramme.
Ursprünglich ein Linux-Client für das eDonkey-Protokoll, läuft es jetzt unter vielen Varianten von Unix, OS X, Microsoft Windows und MorphOS und unterstützt zahlreiche Peer-to-Peer-Protokolle, einschließlich ED2K (und Kademlia und Overnet), BitTorrent, DC ++ und mehr.
Weitere Informationen zu MLDonkey finden Sie im MLDonkey Projektwiki
15.2. Bildschirmfoto
15.3. Verwendung der MLDonkey-Weboberfläche
Nach der Installierung von MLDonkey kann man auf seine Weboberfläche über die FreedomBox unter https://<Ihre Freiheitsbox>/mldonkey zugreiffen. Auf diese Weboberfläche dürfen Benutzer der Gruppen ed2k oder admin zugreifen.
15.4. Verwenden der Desktop- bzw. Mobileoberfläche
Man kann MLDonkey durch viele Desktop- und mobile Anwendungen steuern. Der MLDonkey-Server wird immer auf FreedomBox ausgeführt. Es lädt Dateien herunter (bzw hoch) und speichert sie auf FreedomBox, auch wenn Ihr lokaler Rechner abgeschaltet oder mit MLDonkey auf FreedomBox nicht verbunden ist. Nur Benutzer der Verwaltergruppe dürfen über Desktop- oder mobile Clients auf MLDonkey in FreedomBox zugreifen. Dies liegt an Einschränkungen, welche Benutzergruppe SSH-Zugriff auf FreedomBox hat.
- Erstellen Sie einen neuen bzw. verwenden Sie einen vorhandenen Verwaltungsbenutzer.
- Öffnen Sie auf Ihrem Desktopkomputer ein Terminal und führen Sie den folgenden Befehl aus. Es wird für diesen Schritt empfohlen, SSH-Schlüßel anstelle von Paßwörtern zu festlegen und verwenden.
$ ssh -L 4001:localhost:4001 -N beispielbenutzer@beispiel.freedombox.rocks
- Starten Sie die Clientanwendung und verbinden Sie sie mit MLDonkey, als ob MLDonkey auf dem lokalen Desktopkomputer ausgeführt wäre. Wenn Sie fertig sind, beenden Sie den SSH-Befehl durch Drücken von Strg-C.
Weitere Informationen über SSH-Tunnel finden Sie in der MLDonkey-Dokumentation.
15.5. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: http://mldonkey.sourceforge.net/Main_Page
16. Mumble (Voice Chat) Server
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Available since: version 0.5
16.1. What is Mumble?
Mumble is a voice chat software. Primarily intended for use while gaming, it is suitable for simple talking with high audio quality, noise suppression, encrypted communication, public/private-key authentication by default, and "wizards" to configure your microphone for instance. A user can be marked as a "priority speaker" within a channel.
16.2. Using Mumble
FreedomBox includes the Mumble server. Clients are available for desktop and mobile platforms. Users can download one of these clients and connect to the server.
16.3. Port Forwarding
If your FreedomBox is behind a router, you will need to set up port forwarding on your router. You should forward the following ports for Mumble:
- TCP 64738
- UDP 64738
16.4. Managing Permissions
A super user in Mumble has the ability to create administrator accounts who can in turn manage groups and channel permissions. This can be done after logging in with the username "SuperUser" using the super user password. See Mumble Guide for information on how to do this.. FreedomBox currently does not offer a UI to get or set the super user password for Mumble. A super user password is automatically generated during Mumble setup. To get the password, login to the terminal as admin user using Cockpit , Secure Shell or the console. Then, to read the super user password that was automatically generated during Mumble installation run the following command:
sudo grep SuperUser /var/log/mumble-server/mumble-server.log
You should see output such as:
<W>2019-11-06 02:47:41.313 1 => Password for 'SuperUser' set to 'noo8Dahwiesh'
Alternatively, you can set a new password as follows:
sudo su - echo "newpassword" | su mumble-server -s /bin/sh -c "/usr/sbin/murmurd -ini /etc/mumble-server.ini --readsupw"
16.5. External links
Website: https://www.mumble.info
User documentation: https://www.mumble.info/documentation
17. OpenVPN (Virtual Private Network)
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Available since: version 0.7
17.1. What is OpenVPN?
OpenVPN provides to your FreedomBox a virtual private network service. You can use this software for remote access, site-to-site VPNs and Wi-Fi security. OpenVPN includes support for dynamic IP addresses and NAT.
17.2. Port Forwarding
If your FreedomBox is behind a router, you will need to set up port forwarding on your router. You should forward the following ports for OpenVPN:
- UDP 1194
17.3. Setting up
In FreedomBox apps menu, select Virtual Private Network (OpenVPN) and click Install.
- After the module is installed, there is an additional setup step that may take a long time to complete. Click "Start setup" to begin.
- Wait for the setup to finish. This could take a while.
Once the setup of the OpenVPN server is complete, you can download your profile. This will download a file called <USER>.ovpn, where <USER> is the name of a FreedomBox user. Each FreedomBox user will be able to download a different profile. Users who are not administrators can download the profile from home page after login.
- The ovpn file contains all the information a vpn client needs to connect to the server.
The downloaded profile contains the domain name of the FreedomBox that the client should connect to. This is picked up from the domain configured in 'Config' section of 'System' page. In case your domain is not configured properly, you may need to change this value after downloading the profile. If your OpenVPN client allows it, you can do this after importing the OpenVPN profile. Otherwise, you can edit the .ovpn profile file in a text editor and change the 'remote' line to contain the WAN IP address or hostname of your FreedomBox as follows.
client remote mybox.freedombox.rocks 1194 proto udp
17.4. Troubleshooting
If your network doesn't support IPv6, you might have to remove the following line from your OpenVPN client configuration. This is especially in cases where your server supports IPv6 but client does not thus confusing the OpenVPN client on which protocol to use.
proto udp6
To connect via IPv4, ensure that the following line is present.
proto udp
17.5. Browsing Internet after connecting to VPN
After connecting to the VPN, the client device will be able to browse the Internet without any further configuration. However, a pre-condition for this to work is that you need to have at least one Internet connected network interface which is part of the 'External' firewall zone. Use the networks configuration page to edit the firewall zone for the device's network interfaces.
17.6. Usage
17.6.1. On Android/LineageOS
Visit FreedomBox home page. Login with your user account. From home page, download the OpenVPN profile. The file will be named username.ovpn.
Download an OpenVPN client such as OpenVPN for Android. F-Droid repository is recommended. In the app, select import profile.
In the select profile dialog, choose the username.opvn file you have just downloaded. Provide a name for the connection and save the profile.
Newly created profile will show up. If necessary, edit the profile and set the domain name of your FreedomBox as the server address.
- Connect by tapping on the profile.
- When done, disconnect by tapping on the profile.
17.6.2. On Debian
Install an OpenVPN client for your system
$ sudo apt install openvpn
Open the ovpn file with the OpenVPN client.
$ sudo openvpn --config /path/to/<USER>.ovpn
If you use Network Manager, you can create a new connection by importing the file:
$ sudo apt install network-manager-openvpn-gnome $ sudo nmcli connection import type openvpn file /path/to/<USER>.ovpn
If you get an error such as configuration error: invalid 1th argument to “proto” (line 5) then edit the .ovpn file and remove the line proto udp6.
17.7. Checking if you are connected
17.7.1. On Debian
Try to ping the FreedomBox or other devices on the local network.
Running the command ip addr should show a tun0 connection.
The command traceroute freedombox.org should show you the ip address of the VPN server as the first hop.
17.8. Accessing internal services
After connecting to OpenVPN, you will be able to access FreedomBox services that are only meant to be accessed on internal networks. This is in addition to being able to access external services. This can be done by using the IP address 10.91.0.1 as the host name for these services.
The following services are known to work:
I2P Proxy and
Some services are known not to work at this time:
17.9. External Links
18. Privoxy (Web Proxy)
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Available since: version 0.1
A web proxy acts as a filter for incoming and outgoing web traffic. Thus, you can instruct any computer in your network to pass internet traffic through the proxy to remove unwanted ads and tracking mechanisms.
Privoxy is a software for security, privacy, and accurate control over the web. It provides a much more powerful web proxy (and anonymity on the web) than what your browser can offer. Privoxy "is a proxy that is primarily focused on privacy enhancement, ad and junk elimination and freeing the user from restrictions placed on his activities" (source: Privoxy FAQ).
18.1. Screencast
Watch the screencast on how to setup and use Privoxy in FreedomBox.
18.2. Setting up
In FreedomBox, install Web Proxy (Privoxy)
Adapt your browser proxy settings to your FreedomBox hostname (or IP address) with port 8118. Please note that Privoxy can only proxy HTTP and HTTPS traffic. It will not work with FTP or other protocols.
Go to page http://config.privoxy.org/ or http://p.p. If Privoxy is installed properly, you will be able to configure it in detail; if not you will see an error message.
If you are using a laptop that occasionally has to connect through other routers than yours with the FreedomBox and Privoxy, you may want to install a proxy switch add-on that allows you to easily turn the proxy on or off.
18.3. Advanced Users
The default installation should provide a reasonable starting point for most. There will undoubtedly be occasions where you will want to adjust the configuration, that can be dealt with as the need arises.
- Plan first:
While using Privoxy, you can see its configuration details and documentation at http://config.privoxy.org/ or http://p.p.
The Quickstart is a good starting point to read on how to define own blocking and filtering rules.
Read carefully the manual, especially this security warning:
Access to the editor can not be controlled separately by "ACLs" or HTTP authentication, so that everybody who can access Privoxy can modify its configuration for all users. This option is not recommended for environments with untrusted users. Note that malicious client side code (e.g Java) is also capable of using the actions editor and you shouldn't enable this options unless you understand the consequences and are sure your browser is configured correctly.
- Only when you are ready, perform the changes:
To enable changing these configurations, you first have to change the value of enable-edit-actions in /etc/privoxy/config to 1.
Now you find an EDIT button on the configuration screen in http://config.privoxy.org/.
18.4. External links
Website: https://www.privoxy.org
19. Quassel (Text Chat Client via IRC)
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Available since: version 0.8
Quassel is an IRC application that is split into two parts, a "core" and a "client". This allows the core to remain connected to IRC servers, and to continue receiving messages, even when the client is disconnected. FreedomBox can run the Quassel core service keeping you always online and one or more Quassel clients from a desktop or a mobile device can be used to connect and disconnect from it.
19.1. Why run Quassel?
Many discussions about FreedomBox are being done on the IRC-Channel irc://irc.debian.org/freedombox. If your FreedomBox is running Quassel, it will collect all discussions while you are away, such as responses to your questions. Remember, the FreedomBox project is a worldwide project with people from nearly every time zone. You use your client to connect to the Quassel core to read and respond whenever you have time and are available.
19.2. How to setup Quassel?
Within FreedomBox's web interface
select Applications
go to IRC Client (Quassel) and
- install the application and make sure it is enabled
- now your Quassel core is running
19.3. Port Forwarding
If your FreedomBox is behind a router, you will need to set up port forwarding on your router. You should forward the following ports for Quassel:
- TCP 4242
- Example configuration in router:
19.4. Clients
Clients to connect to Quassel from your desktop and mobile devices are available.
19.4.1. Desktop
In a Debian system, you can e.g. use quassel-client. The following steps describe how to connect Quassel Client with Quassel Core running on a FreedomBox. The first time you do this connection, Quassel Core will be initialized too.
Launch Quassel Client. You will be greeted with a wizard to Connect to Core.
Click the Add button to launch Add Core Account dialog.
Fill any value in the Account Name field. Fill proper DNS hostname of your FreedomBox in Hostname filed. Port field must have the value 4242. Provide the username and password of the account you wish to create to connect to the Quassel Core in the User and Password fields. Choose Remember if don't wish to be prompted for a password every time you launch Quassel client.
After pressing OK in the Add Core Account dialog, you should see the core account in the Connect to Core dialog.
Select the newly created core account and select OK to connect to it.
If this is the first time you are connecting to this core. You will see an Untrusted Security Certificate warning and need to accept the server certificate.
Select Continue. Then you will be asked if you wish to accept the certificate permanently. Select Forever.
If this Quassel Core has not been connected to before, you will then see a Core Configuration Wizard. Select Next.
In the Create Admin User page, enter the username and password you have used earlier to create the core connection. Select Remember password to remember this password for future sessions. Click Next.
In the Select Storage Backend page, select SQLite and click Commit.
The core configuration is then complete and you will see a Quassel IRC wizard to configure your IRC connections. Click Next.
In Setup Identity page next, provide a name and multiple nicknames. This is how you present yourself to other users on IRC. It is not necessary to give your real world name. Multiple nicknames are useful as fallback nicknames when the first nickname can't be used for some reason. After providing the information click Next.
In Setup Network Connection page next, provide a network name of your choice. Next provide a list of servers to which Quassel Core should connect to in order to join this IRC network (such as irc.debian.org:6667).
Select the server in the servers list and click Edit. In the Server Info dialog, set the port 6697 (consult your network's documentation for actual list of servers and their secure ports) and click Use SSL. Click OK. This is to ensure that communication between your FreedomBox and the IRC network server is encrypted.
Back in the Setup Network Connection dialog, provide a list of IRC channels (such as #freedombox) to join upon connecting to the network. Click Save & Connect.
You should connect to the network and see the list of channels you have joined on the All Chats pane on the left of the Quassel Client main window.
- Select a channel and start seeing messages from others in the channel and send your own messages.
19.4.2. Android
For Android devices you may use e.g. Quasseldroid from F-Droid
- enter core, username etc. as above
By the way, the German verb quasseln means talking a lot, to jabber.
19.5. External links
20. Radicale (Calendar and Addressbook)
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Available since: version 0.9
With Radicale, you can synchronize your personal calendars, ToDo lists, and addressbooks with your various computers, tablets, and smartphones, and share them with friends, without letting third parties know your personal schedule or contacts.
20.1. Why should I run Radicale?
Using Radicale, you can get rid of centralized services like Google Calendar or Apple Calendar (iCloud) data mining your events and social connections.
20.2. How to setup Radicale?
First, the Radicale server needs to be activated on your box.
Within FreedomBox Service:
select Apps
go to Radicale (Calendar and Addressbook) and
install the application. After the installation is complete, make sure the application is marked "enabled" in the FreedomBox interface. Enabling the application launches the Radicale CalDAV/CardDAV server.
- define the access rights:
- Only the owner of a calendar/addressbook can view or make changes
- Any user can view any calendar/addressbook, but only the owner can make changes
- Any user can view or make changes to any calendar/addressbook
Note, that only users with a FreedomBox login can access Radicale.
If you want to share a calendar with only some users, the simplest approach is to create an additional user-name for these users and to share that user-name and password with them.
Radicale provides a basic web interface, which only supports creating new calendars and addressbooks. To add events or contacts, an external supported client application is needed.
- Creating addressbook/calendar using the web interface
Visit https://IP-address-or-domain-for-your-server/radicale/
Log in with your FreedomBox account
- Select "Create new addressbook or calendar"
- Provide a title and select the type
- Optionally, provide a description or select a color
- Click "Create"
- The page will show the URL for your newly created addressbook or calendar
Now open your client application to create new calendar and address books that will use your FreedomBox and Radicale server. The Radicale website provides an overview of supported clients, but do not use the URLs described there; FreedomBox uses another setup, follow this manual. Below are the steps for two examples:
- Example of setup with Evolution client:
- Calendar
- Create a new calendar
- For "Type," select "CalDAV"
- When "CalDAV" is selected, additional options will appear in the dialogue window.
URL: https://IP-address-or-domain-for-your-server. Items in italics need to be changed to match your settings.
- Enable "Use a secure connection."
User: USERNAME. Your Freedombox user-name.
- Click on "Find Calendars"
- Enter your password and select a calendar
- TODO/Tasks list: Adding a TODO/Tasks list is basically the same as a calendar.
- Contacts
- Follow the same steps described above and replace CalDAV with WebDAV.
- Calendar
20.3. Synchronizing over Tor
In FreedomBox, setting up a calendar with Radicale over Tor is the same as over the clear net. Here is a short summary:
When logged in to FreedomBox interface over Tor, click on Radicale, and at the prompt provide your FreedomBox user name and password.
In the Radicale web interface, log in using your FreedomBox user name and password.
- Click on "Create new address book or calendar", provide a title, select a type, and click "Create".
Save the URL, e.g., https://ONION-ADDRESS-FOR-YOUR-SERVER.onion/radicale/USERNAME/CALENDAR-CODE/. Items in italics need to be changed to match your settings.
These instructions are for Thunderbird/Lightning. Note that you will need to be connected to Tor with the Tor Browser Bundle.
- Open Thunderbird, install the Torbirdy add-on, and restart Thunderbird. (This may not be necessary.)
- In the Lightning interface, under Calendar/Home in the left panel right click with the mouse and select "New calendar".
- Select the location of your calendar as "On the Network".
Select CalDAV and for the location copy the URL, e.g., https://ONION-ADDRESS-FOR-YOUR-SERVER.onion/radicale/USERNAME/CALENDAR-CODE/. Items in italics need to be changed to match your settings.
Provide a name, etc. Click "Next". Your calendar is now syncing with your FreedomBox over Tor.
If you have not generated a certificate for your FreedomBox with "Let's Encrypt", you may need to select "Confirm Security Exception" when prompted.
20.4. Synchronizing with your Android phone
There are various Apps that allow integration with the Radicale server. This example uses DAVx5, which is available e.g. on F-Droid. If you intend to use ToDo-Lists as well, the compatible app OpenTasks has to be installed first.
Follow these steps for setting up your account with the Radicale server running on your FreedomBox.
- Install DAVx5
- Create a new account on DAVx5 by clicking on the floating + button.
Select the second option as shown in the first figure below and enter the base url as https://<your.freedombox.address>/radicale/username/ (don't miss the / at the end). DAVx5 will be able to discover both CalDAV and WebDAV accounts for the user.
Follow this video from DAVx5 FAQ to learn how to migrate your existing contacts to Radicale.
Synchronizing contacts
- Click on the hamburger menus of CalDAV and CardDAV and select either "Refresh ..." in case of existing accounts or "Create ..." in case of new accounts (see the second screenshot below).
- Check the checkboxes for the address books and calendars you want to synchronize and click on the sync button in the header. (see the third screenshot below)
20.5. Advanced Users
20.5.1. Sharing resources
Above was shown an easy way to create a resource for a group of people by creating a dedicated account for all. Here will be described an alternative method where two users User1 and User2 are granted access to a calendar. This requires SSH-access to the FreedomBox.
create a file /etc/radicale/rights
[friends_calendar] user: ^(User1|User2)$ collection: ^.*/calendar_of_my_friends.ics$ permission: rw # Give write access to owners [owner-write] user: .+ collection: ^%(login)s/.+$ permission: rw
[friends_calendar] is just an identifier, can be any name.
The [owner-write] section makes sure that owners have access to their own files
edit file /etc/radicale/config and make the following changes in section [rights]
[rights] type = from_file file = /etc/radicale/rights
Restart the radicale server or the FreedomBox
20.5.2. Importing files
If you are using a contacts file exported from another service or application, it should be copied to: /var/lib/radicale/collections/user/contact file name.vcf.
20.6. Migrating from Radicale Version 1.x to Version 2.x
During the month of February 2019, radicale in Debian testing was upgraded from version 1.x to version 2.x. Version 2.x is a better version but is incompatible with data and configuration used with 1.x. Automatic upgrade mechanism in FreedomBox, handled by unattended-upgrades does not automatically upgrade radicale to version 2.x due to changes in configuration files. However, FreedomBox version 19.1, which is available on February 23rd, 2019 in testing will perform data and configuration migration to radicale version 2.x. Typical users require no action, this will happen automatically.
If for some reason, you need to manually run apt dist-upgrade on your machine, then radicale will be upgraded to 2.x and then FreedomBox will not be able to perform its upgrade (due to upstream project deciding to remove migration tools in radicale 2.x version). To avoid this situation, the following process is recommended if you wish to perform an upgrade.
sudo su - apt hold radicale apt dist-upgrade apt unhold radicale
However, if you already happen to perform an upgrade to radicale 2.x without help from FreedomBox, you need to perform data and configuration migration yourself. Follow this procedure:
sudo su - tar -cvzf /root/radicale_backup.tgz /var/lib/radicale/ /etc/radicale/ /etc/default/radicale apt install -y python-radicale python -m radicale --export-storage=/root/radicale-migration cp -dpR /root/radicale-migration/collection-root /var/lib/radicale/collections/collection-root/ (remove this directory if it already exists. Or perhaps merge the contents.) chown -R radicale:radicale /var/lib/radicale/collections/collection-root/ apt remove -y python-radicale if [ -f /etc/radicale/config.dpkg-dist ] ; then cp /etc/radicale/config.dpkg-dist /etc/radicale/config ; fi if [ -f /etc/default/radicale.dpkg-dist ] ; then cp /etc/default/radicale.dpkg-dist /etc/default/radicale ; fi (After FreedomBox 19.1 is available, goto FreedomBox web interface and set your preference for calendar sharing again, if it is not the default option, as it will have been lost.)
Notes:
python-radicale is an old package from radicale 1.x version that is still available in testing. This is a hack to use the --export-storage feature that is responsible for data migration. This feature is not available in radicale 2.x unfortunately.
- Files ending with .dpkg-dist will exist only if you have chosen 'Keep your currently-installed version' when prompted for configuration file override during radicale 2.x upgrade. The above process will overwrite the old configuration with new fresh configuration. No changes are necessary to the two configuration files unless you have changed the setting for sharing calendars.
- Note that during the migration, your data is safe in /var/lib/radicale/collections directory. New data will be created and used in /var/lib/radicale/collections/collections-root/ directory.
- The tar command takes a backup your configuration and data in /root/radicale_backup.tgz in case you do something goes wrong and you want to undo the changes.
20.7. Troubleshooting
1. If you are using FreedomBox Pioneer Edition or installing FreedomBox on Debian Buster, then radicale may not be usable immediately after installation. This is due to a bug which has been fixed later. To overcome the problem, upgrade FreedomBox by clicking on 'Manual Update' from 'Updates' app. Otherwise, simply wait a day or two and let FreedomBox upgrade itself. After that install radicale. If radicale is already installed, disable and re-enable it after the update is completed. This will fix the problem and get radicale working properly.
20.8. External links
Website: https://radicale.org/3.0.html
21. Roundcube (Email Client)
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Available since: version 0.5
21.1. What is Roundcube?
Roundcube is a browser-based multilingual email client with an application-like user interface. Roundcube is using the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) to access e-mail on a remote mail server. It supports MIME to send files, and provides particularly address book, folder management, message searching and spell checking.
21.2. Using Roundcube
After Roundcube is installed, it can be accessed at https://<your freedombox>/roundcube. Enter your username and password. The username for many mail services will be the full email address such as exampleuser@example.org and not just the username like exampleuser. Enter the address of your email service's IMAP server address in the Server field. You can try providing your domain name here such as example.org for email address exampleuser@example.org and if this does not work, consult your email provider's documentation for the address of the IMAP server. Using encrypted connection to your IMAP server is strongly recommended. To do this, prepend 'imaps://' at the beginning of your IMAP server address. For example, imaps://imap.example.org.
21.3. Using Gmail with Roundcube
If you wish to use Roundcube with your Gmail account, you need to first enable support for password based login in your Google account preferences. This is because Gmail won't allow applications to login with a password by default. To do this, visit Google Account preferences and enable Less Secure Apps. After this, login to Roundcube by providing your Gmail address as Username, your password and in the server field use imaps://imap.gmail.com.
21.4. External links
Website: https://roundcube.net
22. Samba (Network File Storage)
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Available since: version 19.22
Samba lets you have shared folders over the local network that can be used from multiple computers running different operating systems. We refer to these shared folders as "shares".
You can have a personal folder shared between your own devices (Home share), a folder shared with a trusted group (Group share) or one that is shared with every device on the network (Open share).
Samba lets you to treat a share as if it's a local folder on your computer. However, shares are available only on the local network.
To learn more about Samba, please refer to the user documentation on their wiki.
22.1. Using Samba
After installation, you can choose which disks to use for sharing. Enabled shares are accessible in the file manager on your computer at location \\freedombox (on Windows) or smb://freedombox.local (on Linux and Mac). There are three types of shares you can choose from:
Open share - accessible to everyone in your local network.
Group share - accessible only to FreedomBox users who are in the freedombox-share group.
Home share - every user in the freedombox-share group can have their own private space.
22.1.1. Connecting from an Android device
To access Samba shares on an Android device, install "Android Samba Client" from F-Droid or Google Play. Enter smb://freedombox.local/<disk> as the share path in the app. Your shared folders should then be visible in the file manager app. Samba shares can also be used by VLC for Android which automatically discovers them.
22.1.2. Connecting from a macOS device
- Open a Finder window on your Mac.
Use Go -> Connect to Server... from the file menu or press the shortcut Cmd+K to open the Connect To Server dialog.
Enter the address of your Samba share, e.g. smb://192.168.0.105/disk and click Connect.
22.2. Integration with other apps
Transmission app on FreedomBox provides a setting to allow downloads to be saved directly to a Samba share.
If you want to make available files synchronized with Syncthing through Samba you need to make sure you synchronize in a Samba share folder. Additionally in order to make Syncthing shares available in Samba Open share or Group share you will need to ensure you click "Permissions > Ignore" button under the "Advanced" tab in folder you wish in the Syncthing web UI. This will ensure that the files will be writable through Samba.
22.3. Comparison with other apps
22.3.1. Syncthing
Syncthing maintains a copy of the shared folder on each device that it is shared with. Samba maintains only one copy on your FreedomBox device.
Syncthing can synchronize your shared folders between devices over the Internet. Samba shares are only available on the local network.
Since Syncthing is primarily a synchronization solution, it has features like conflict resolution and versioning. Samba has only copy of the file, so it doesn't need such features. For example, if two people are editing a spreadsheet stored on a Samba share, the last one to save the file wins.
22.4. External links
Website: https://www.samba.org
User documentation: https://www.samba.org/samba/docs
23. Searx (Web Search)
|
Available since: version 0.24.0
23.1. About Searx
Searx is a metasearch engine. A metasearch engine aggregates the results from various search engines and presents them in a unified interface.
Read more about Searx on their official website.
23.2. Screenshot
23.3. Screencast
Searx installation and first steps (14 MB)
23.4. Why use Searx?
23.4.1. Personalization and Filter Bubbles
Search engines have the ability to profile users and serve results most relevant to them, putting people into filter bubbles, thus distorting people's view of the world. Search engines have a financial incentive to serve interesting advertisements to their users, increasing their chances of clicking on the advertisements.
A metasearch engine is a possible solution to this problem, as it aggregates results from multiple search engines thus bypassing personalization attempts by search engines.
Searx avoids storing cookies from search engines as a means of preventing tracking and profiling by search engines.
23.4.2. Advertisement filtering
Searx filters out advertisements from the search results before serving the results, thus increasing relevance the of your search results and saving you from distractions.
23.4.3. Privacy
Searx uses HTTP POST instead of GET by default to send your search queries to the search engines, so that anyone snooping your traffic wouldn't be able to read your queries. The search queries wouldn't stored in browser history either.
Note: Searx used from Chrome browser's omnibar would make GET requests instead of POST.
23.5. Searx on FreedomBox
Searx on FreedomBox uses Single Sign On. This means that you should be logged in into your FreedomBox in the browser that you're using Searx.
- SearX is easily accessible via Tor.
Searx can be added as a search engine to the Firefox browser's search bar. See Firefox Help on this topic. Once Searx is added, you can also set it as your default search engine.
- Searx also offers search results in csv, json and rss formats, which can be used with scripts to automate some tasks.
23.6. External links
Website: https://searx.me
User documentation: https://searx.github.io/searx/user/index.html
24. Shadowsocks (SOCKS5 proxy)
|
Available since: version 0.18.0
24.1. What is Shadowsocks?
Shadowsocks is a lightweight and secure SOCKS5 proxy, designed to protect your Internet traffic. It can be used to bypass Internet filtering and censorship. Your FreedomBox can run a Shadowsocks client which can connect to a Shadowsocks server. It will also run a SOCKS5 proxy. Local devices can connect to this proxy, and their data will be encrypted and proxied through the Shadowsocks server.
24.2. Using the Shadowsocks client?
The current implementation of Shadowsocks in FreedomBox only supports configuring FreedomBox as a Shadowsocks client. The current use case for Shadowsocks is as follows:
Shadowsocks client (FreedomBox) is in a region where some parts of the Internet are blocked or censored.
- Shadowsocks server is in a different region, which doesn't have these blocks.
The FreedomBox provides SOCKS proxy service on the local network for other devices to make use of its Shadowsocks connection.
At a future date it will be possible to configure FreedomBox as Shadowsocks server.
24.3. Configuring your FreedomBox for the Shadowsocks client
To enable Shadowsocks, first navigate to the Socks5 Proxy (Shadowsocks) page and install it.
Server: the Shadowsocks server is not the FreedomBox IP or URL; rather, it will be another server or VPS that has been configured as a Shadowsocks server. There are also some public Shadowsocks servers listed on the web, but be aware that whoever operates the server can see where requests are going, and any non-encrypted data will be visible to them.
To use Shadowsocks after setup, set the SOCKS5 proxy URL in your device, browser or application to http://freedombox_address:1080/
24.4. External links
25. Sharing (File Publishing)
|
Available since: version 0.25
25.1. What Is Sharing App?
Sharing app allows you to share content over the web. Shared content can be individual files or whole directories.
The content can be shared publicly or restricted to the users of listed allowed groups. Allowed users will be able to access the shared content from their web browser at https://your_freedombox/share/content_name. Users not belonging to any of the allowed groups won't see or access the content through this mechanism.
25.2. Setting Up Shares
For the users to access the content through their browser it must exist and have a share. A share is an entry in the Sharing app relating:
- the Name (an thereby the URL) with which the users will ask for the content,
- the Disk Path of the content to be served and
- the sharing mode. On restricted mode, it also has the list of allowed groups.
Many shares can coexist in the same server.
Only admins can create, edit or remove shares. They'll find the Sharing app in the Apps section of FreedomBox web interface. Sharing app is an easy to use web application with an evident interface.
Each share has its own sharing mode (public or restricted) setting. Only groups recognized by FreedomBox service can be combined in the list of allowed groups. Groups created in the CLI won't be offered by the Sharing app.
25.3. Providing/Updating Content
The content can be created before or after the share is created and they can be updated independently.
The content doesn't need to be provided by an admin either. Any user with write access to the share's disk path can create or update it.
Multiple shares might point to the same content.
If you are user of FreedomBox and your admin refuses to create shares for you, and you don't need to restrict the access to your content, you still can fall back to the User Websites mechanism or the P2P networks (Deluge or Transmission for Torrent, or MLDonkey) to publish your files.
25.4. Technicalities
Sharing will share the content using the built-in Apache web server.
26. Syncthing (File Synchronization)
|
Available since: version 0.14
With Syncthing installed on your FreedomBox, you can synchronize content from other devices to your FreedomBox and vice-versa. For example, you can keep the photos taken on your mobile phone synchronized to your FreedomBox.
Users should keep in mind that Syncthing is a peer-to-peer synchronization solution, not a client-server one. This means that the FreedomBox isn't really the server and your other devices clients. They're all devices from Syncthing's perspective. You can use Syncthing to synchronize your files between any of your devices. The advantage that FreedomBox provides is that it is a server that's always running. Suppose you want your photos on your phone to be synchronized to your laptop, if you simply sync the photos to the FreedomBox, the laptop can get them from the FreedomBox whenever it comes online the next time. You don't have to be worried about your other devices being online for synchronization. If your FreedomBox is one of the devices set up with your Syncthing shared folder, you can rest assured that your other devices will eventually get the latest files once they come online.
After installation follow the instructions in the getting started of the Syncthing project. Syncthing allows individual folders to be selectively shared with other devices. Devices must be paired up before sharing by scanning QR codes or entering the device ids manually. Syncthing has a discovery service for easily identifying the other devices on the same network having Syncthing installed.
In order to access to the web client of the Syncthing instance running on your FreedomBox, use the path /syncthing. This web client is currently only accessible to the users of the FreedomBox that have administrator privileges, though it might be accessible to all FreedomBox users in a future release.
Syncthing has android apps available on the F-Droid and Google Play app stores. Cross-platform desktop apps are also available.
To learn more about Syncthing, please visit their official website and documentation.
26.1. Synchronizing over Tor
Syncthing should automatically sync with your FreedomBox even if it is only accessible as a Tor Onion Service.
If you would like to proxy your Syncthing client over Tor, set the all_proxy environment variable:
$ all_proxy=socks5://localhost:9050 syncthing
For more information, see the Syncthing documentation on using proxies.
26.2. Avoiding Syncthing Relays
Syncthing uses dynamic connections by default to connect with other peers. This means that if you are synchronizing over the Internet, the data might have to go through public Syncthing relays to reach your devices. This doesn't take advantage of the fact that your FreedomBox has a public IP address.
When adding your FreedomBox as a device in other Syncthing clients, set the address like "tcp://<my.freedombox.domain>" instead of "dynamic". This allows your Syncthing peers to directly connect to your FreedomBox avoiding the need for relays. It also allows for fast on-demand syncing if you don't want to keep Syncthing running all the time on your mobile devices.
26.3. Using Syncthing with other applications
26.3.1. Password Manager
Password managers that store their databases in files are suitable for synchronization using Syncthing. The following example describes using a free password manager called KeePassXC in combination with Syncthing to serve as a replacement for proprietary password managers that store your passwords in the cloud.
KeePassXC stores usernames, passwords etc. in files have the .kdbx extension. These kdbx files can be stored in a Syncthing shared folder to keep them synchronized on multiple machines. Free software applications which can read this file format are available for both desktop and mobile. You typically have to just point the application at the .kdbx file and enter the master password to access your stored credentials. For example, the same kdbx file can be accessed by using KeePassXC on desktop and KeePassDX on Android. KeePassXC can also be used to fill credentials into login fields in the browser by installing a browser extension.
26.4. External links
Website: https://syncthing.net
User documentation: https://docs.syncthing.net
27. Tiny Tiny RSS (News Feed Reader)
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Available since: version 0.9
Tiny Tiny RSS is a news feed (RSS/Atom) reader and aggregator, designed to allow reading news from any location, while feeling as close to a real desktop application as possible.
Any user created through FreedomBox web interface will be able to login and use this app. Each user has their own feeds, state and preferences.
27.1. Using the Web Interface
When enabled, Tiny Tiny RSS will be available from /tt-rss path on the web server. Any user created through FreedomBox will be able to login and use this app.
27.1.1. Adding a new feed
1. Go to the website you want the RSS feed for and copy the RSS/Atom feed link from it.
2. Select "Subscribe to feed.." from the Actions dropdown.
3. In the dialog box that appears, paste the URL for copied in step 1 and click the Subscribe button.
Give the application a minute to fetch the feeds after clicking Subscribe.
In some websites, the RSS feeds button isn't clearly visible. In that case, you can simply paste the website URL into the Subscribe dialog (step 3) and let TT-RSS automatically detect the RSS feeds on the page.
You can try this now with the homepage of WikiNews
As you can see in the image below, TT-RSS detected and added the Atom feed of WikiNews to our list of feeds.
If you don't want to keep this feed, right click on the feed shown in the above image, select Edit feed and click Unsubscribe in the dialog box that appears.
27.1.2. Importing your feeds from another feed reader
In your existing feed reader, find an option to Export your feeds to a file. Prefer the OPML file format if you have to choose between multiple formats. Let's say your exported feeds file is called Subscriptions.opml
Click on the Actions menu at the top left corner and select Preferences. You will be taken to another page.
Select the second tab called Feeds in the top header. Feeds has several sections. The second one is called OPML. Select it.
To import your Subscriptions.opml file into TT-RSS,
Click Browse and select the file from your file system
Click Import my OPML
After importing, you'll be taken to the Feeds section that's above the OPML section in the page. You can see that the feeds from your earlier feed reader are now imported into Tiny Tiny RSS. You can now start using Tiny Tiny RSS as your primary feed reader.
In the next section, we will discuss setting up the mobile app, which can let you read your feeds on the go.
27.2. Using the Mobile App
The official Android app from the Tiny Tiny RSS project works with FreedomBox's Tiny Tiny RSS Server. The older TTRSS-Reader application is known not to work.
The official Android app is unfortunately only available on the Google Play Store and not on F-Droid. You can still obtain the source code and build the apk file yourself.
To configure, first install the application, then in the setting page, set URL as https://<your.freedombox.address>/tt-rss-app/. Set your user name and password in the Login details as well as HTTP Authentication details. If your FreedomBox does not have a valid HTTPS certificate, then in settings request allowing any SSL certificate and any host.
27.3. External links
Website: https://tt-rss.org
28. Tor (Anonymitätnetzwerk)
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Verfügbar seit: Version 0.3
28.1. Was ist Tor?
Tor ist ein Servernetzwerk, die von Freiwilligen betrieben wird. Benutzer dieser Server können ihre Privatsphäre und Sicherheit beim Surfen im Internet verbessern. Sie und Ihre Freunde können über das Tor-Netzwerk auf Ihre FreedomBox zugreifen, ohne deren IP-Adresse zu verraten. Wenn Sie die Tor-Anwendung auf Ihrer FreedomBox aktivieren, können Sie Remotedienste (Chat, Wiki, Dateifreigabe usw.) anbieten, ohne Ihren Standort anzuzeigen. Diese Anwendung bietet Ihnen einen beßeren Schutz als ein öffentlicher Webserver, denn Sie werden an weniger aufdringlichen Agente im Web ausgesetzt.
28.2. Anonymsurfen mit Tor
Tor Browser ist die empfohlene Methode, um mit Tor im Internet zu surfen. Sie können den Tor-Browser von https://www.torproject.org/projects/torbrowser.html herunterladen und den Anweisungen auf dieser Site folgen, um ihn zu installieren und rennen.
28.3. Zugriff auf Ihren FreedomBox mit dem Tor Onion Service
Der Tor Onion Service bietet eine Möglichkeit, auf Ihre FreedomBox zuzugreifen, auch wenn sie sich hinter einem Router, einer Firewall oder einem CGNAT befindet (d.h. Ihr Internetdienstanbieter stellt keine öffentliche IPv4-Adresse für Ihren Router bereit).
Um den Tor Onion Service zu aktivieren, gehen Sie erstmal zur Seite Anonymitätnetzwerk (Tor). (Wenn Sie es nicht sehen, klicken Sie oben links auf der Seite auf das FreedomBox-Logo, um zur Apps-Hauptseite zu gelangen.) Aktivieren Sie auf der Seite Anonymitätnetzwerk (Tor) unter Konfiguration die Option "Tor Onion Service aktivieren", und klicken Sie dann auf Setup aktualisieren. Tor wird neu konfiguriert und wiedergestartet werden.
Nach einer Weile wird die Seite aktualisiert und unter Status wird eine Tabelle mit der .onion-Adresse des Onion Service angezeigt. Kopieren Sie die ganze Adresse (mit der Endung .onion) und fügen Sie sie in das Adressfeld des Tor-Browsers ein. Sie sollten dann auf Ihre FreedomBox zugreifen können. (Möglicherweise wird eine Zertifikatwarnung angezeigt, denn FreedomBox'sches Zertifikat ist selbstsigniert.)
Heutzutage können nur HTTP (Port 80), HTTPS (Port 443) und SSH (Port 22) über den auf der FreedomBox konfigurierten Tor Onion Service zugegriffen werden.
28.4. Apps, die über Tor zugreifbar sind
Folgende Apps lassen sich über Tor zugreiffen. Beachten Sie, daß diese Liste nicht vollständig ist.
Kalender und Adressbuch (Radicale)
Datei - Synchronisation (Syncthing)
Feed-lesen (TinyTinyRSS)
Websuche (Searx)
Wiki (MediaWiki)
Wiki und Blog (Ikiwiki)
28.5. Ein Tor-Relais betreiben
Tor ist standardmäßig, als Brückenrelais eingestellt. Die Relais- oder Brückenoption kann man über die Tor-Konfigurationsseite in FreedomBox abschalten.
Unten, bei der Tor-Seite in FreedomBox gibt es eine Liste der vom Tor-Relais verwendeten Ports. Wenn Ihre FreedomBox sich hinter einem Router befindet, müssen Sie die Portweiterleitung auf Ihrem Router konfigurieren, um diese Ports über das öffentliche Internet zugreifbar zu lassen.
Die Anforderungen für den Betrieb eines Relais sind im Tor Relay Guide aufgegeben . Das heißt:
- Es wird empfohlen, daß für ein Relais mindestens 16 Mbit/s (Mbps) Auf- sowohl als Herunterwärts-Bandbreite für Tor verfügbar sind. Mehr desto besser.
- Es ist erforderlich, daß ein Tor-Relay mindestens 100 GByte ausgehenden und eingehenden Datenverkehrs pro Monat verwenden darf.
Für ein Nicht-Ausgang-Relais mit <40 Mbit/s wird es empfohlen, daß mindestens 512 MB RAM verfügbar sind; Ein schnelleren Relais, sollte mindestens 1 GB RAM haben.
28.6. (Fortgeschrittene) Verwendung als SOCKS-Proxy
FreedomBox bietet einen Tor SOCKS-Port, mit dem andere Anwendungen eine Verbindung herstellen können um ihren Verkehr über das Tor-Netzwerk zu leiten. Dieser Port ist an alle Schnittstellen zugänglich, die die internen Firewall-Zone zugewiesen sind. Setzen Sie SOCKS Host auf die IP-Adresse der internen Netzwerkverbindung und Stellen Sie den SOCKS-Port auf 9050 ein, um die Anwendung einzustellen.
28.6.1. Beispiel mit Firefox
Ihr Webbrowser kann so eingestellt werden, daß er das Tor-Netzwerk für alle Surfen-Aktivität verwendet wird. Dies ermöglicht die Umgehung der Zensur und versteckt auch Ihre IP-Adresse von Websites während des regelmäßigen Surfens. Für Anonymität wird TorBrowser empfohlen.
Stellen Sie Ihre lokale FreedomBox-IP-Adresse und Ihren Port 9050 als SOCKS v5-Proxy in Firefox ein. Es gibt Erweiterungen, mit denen der Proxy einfach ein- und ausgeschaltet werden kann.
Mit konfigurierten SOCKS-Proxy können Sie nun direkt auf Onion-URLs aus Firefox zugreifen. FreedomBox selbst hat eine Onion-v3-Adresse, mit der Sie eine Verbindung über das Tor-Netzwerk herstellen können. (Bemerken Sie sie für Notfallgelegenheiten).
28.7. Umgehung der Tor-Zensur
Wenn Ihr ISP versucht, den Tor-Verkehr zu blockieren, können Sie Tor-Bridge-Relais verwenden, um eine Verbindung zum Tor-Netzwerk herzustellen
1. Erhalten Sie die Bridge-Konfiguration aus der Tor BridgeDB
2. Fügen Sie die Zeilen wie unten gezeigt zu Ihrer FreedomBox Tor-Konfiguration hinzu.
28.8. Externe Links
Orginalprojekt: https://www.torproject.org
Benutzerdocumentation: https://2019.www.torproject.org/docs/documentation.html.en
29. Transmission (Distributed File Sharing via BitTorrent)
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Available since: version 0.5
29.1. What is Transmission ?
Transmission is a BitTorrent node (both, client and server at the same time).
BitTorrent is a communications protocol for peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing.
It is not anonymous; you should assume that others can see what files you are sharing.
- This technology works best for big, popular files.
There are two BitTorrent web nodes available in FreedomBox: Transmission and Deluge. They have similar features, but you may prefer one over the other.
Transmission is a lightweight BitTorrent client that is well known for its simplicity and a default configuration that "Just Works".
29.2. Screenshot
29.3. Using Transmission
After installing Transmission, it can be accessed at https://<your freedombox>/transmission. Transmission uses single sign-on from FreedomBox, which means that if you are logged in on your FreedomBox, you can directly access Transmission without having to enter the credentials again. Otherwise, you will be prompted to login first and then redirected to the Transmission app.
29.4. Tips
29.4.1. Transferring Downloads from the FreedomBox
Transmission's downloads directory can be added as a shared folder in the Sharing app. You can then access your downloads from this shared folder using a web browser.
(Advanced) If you have the ssh access to your FreedomBox, you can use sftp or scp to browse the downloads directory using a suitable file manager or web browser:
29.5. Port Forwarding
If your FreedomBox is behind a router you optionally might want to set up port forwarding on your router in order to improve communication with other peers. You should forward the following ports for Transmission:
TCP 51413 (or your configured peer listening port)
29.6. External Links
- Upstream projects:
Transmission: https://transmissionbt.com
BitTorrent: https://www.bittorrent.org
- Protocol description:
At Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent
30. User Websites
Available since: version 0.9.4
30.1. What is User Websites?
User websites is a standard location for webservers to allow host users to expose static files on the filesystem as a website to the local network and/or the internet according to the network and firewall setup.
The standard webserver in FreedomBox is Apache and this is implemented by means of a specific Apache module.
30.2. Screenshot
30.3. Using User Websites
The module is always enabled and offers no configuration from the FreedomBox web interface. There is no configuration or status page shown for this module in the FreedomBox web interface.
To serve documents, place the files in the designated directory in a FreedomBox user's home directory in the filesystem.
This directory is: public_html
Thus the absolute path for the directory of a user named fbx with home directory in /home/fbx will be /home/fbx/public_html. User websites will serve documents placed in this directory when requests for documents with the URI path "~fbx" are received. For the the example.org domain thus a request for the document example.org/~fbx/index.html will transfer the file in /home/fbx/public_html/index.html.
30.4. Creating public_html folder and uploading documents
30.4.1. Visually from Linux
Linux standard desktop file managers use to support remote filesystem access through SFTP out of the box. Among others, Gnome's Nautilus, KDE/Plasma's Dolphin and XFCE's Thunar do so. This standarization allows for very easy, similar and straightforward procedures:
Connect with the file manager to your FreedomBox:
- Gnome's Nautilus:
- To lauch Nautilus you can seek its archive icon, or search ether its name or the word "file".
- At the bottom of the left pane you'll find an option "+ Other locations".
It leads you to a list of locations. Find "freedombox SFTP server" (english literal for all desktop languages). Click on it.
The first time you'll be asked for your user and password. Enter your FreedomBox user and its password. The dialog will also offer you some options to remember it for some time.
- Plasma file manager AKA Dolphin:
- Click on the location bar at the top of the window.
Input ftp://freedombox.local
The first time you'll be asked for your user and password. Enter your FreedomBox user and its password. The dialog will also offer you some option to remember it.
- XFCE's Thunar:
Type this into the browser bar: sftp://username@freedombox.local, replacing the 'username' placeholder with your actual FreedomBox username.
I guess the first time you'll be asked for your password. Enter your FreedomBox user's password.
- Gnome's Nautilus:
You should be shown FreedomBox filesystem. Enter the home folder and then enter you user's subfolder.
If there's no public_html folder, create it: right mouse button click, etc.
Drag your file(s) and drop it/'em into the public_html folder.
- You should now be able to navigate your browser to the corresponding url and see the files.
30.4.2. Visually from Other Plattforms
If you want to use graphical free software clients, install:
FileZilla for Mac.
Spider or Ghost Commander, available in F-Droid application repository for Android.
Their usage will be similar to that described for Linux desktops.
30.4.3. With a Command Line Interface (CLI)
Usually any Unix system, including Linux in all (most) of its flavours and Mac, provide the standard utilities ssh, scp and sftp. FreeDOS provides SSH2DOS. No need to install anything. It's already there!
Examples:
Connect to FreedomBox via SSH:
(replacing username with a valid FreedomBox user name and freedombox.local with your FreedomBox's domain name or IP):
$ ssh username@freedombox.local
If your data is ok and your FreedomBox reachable, the first time you'll be asked to confirm its signature.
Then you'll be asked for the password of your FreedomBox user.
Then you'll be shown the welcome banner with the FreedomBox's buttefly logo in ASCII art (painted with characters).
The prompt changes to username@freedombox:~$.
Once connected create your website folder with:
username@freedombox:~$ mkdir ~/public_html
...or one for another user:
use the sudo prefix like
username@freedombox:~$ sudo mkdir /home/<the_other_user>/public_html
, and introduce your password.When you create a folder, by default it belongs to you no matter where it is created. Thus you'll then need to set its ownership to the other user:
username@freedombox:~$ sudo chown <the_other_user>:<the_other_user> /home/<the_other_user>/public_htm
- Better check it before you disconnect that `public_html' is listed among the contents of the other user's home folder.
username@freedombox:~$ ls -l /home/<the_other_user> ... drwxr-xr-x 2 <the_other_user> <the_other_user> 4096 jan 29 17:39 public_html ...
. The name of the other user must appear twice in the public_html line and its permissions should be drwxr-xr-x.
Then any user can upload their files to their respective folders with any of the graphical clients. Ask them to check it.
It is a good security practice to exit instead of to just wait for the connection to time out:
username@freedombox:~$ exit
If then you want to also upload the web content through the command line you can
$ scp path/to/files username@freedombox.local:public_html/
. It will ask your password in FreedomBox. You should then be able to navigate your browser to the corresponding url and see the files.
Learn more about ssh, scp and sftp with $ man ssh, $ man scp and $ man sftp.
30.5. External Links
Upstream project website: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_userdir.html
User documentation: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/howto/public_html.html
31. WireGuard (Virtual Private Network)
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31.1. About WireGuard
WireGuard is an extremely simple yet fast and modern VPN that utilizes state-of-the-art cryptography. It can be a useful replacement for IPSec or OpenVPN.
31.2. Installation
On DebianBuster, wireguard is available from Backports. If your sources list contains the backports stanza, you can install wireguard from the Apps section of FreedomBox web interface.
WireGuard cannot be installed in FreedomBox on buster-backports yet, because a newer version of NetworkManager is required by the FreedomBox service to complete the setup.
31.3. Configuration - Debian Peers
31.4. Usage
- Point-to-point tunnel
- VPN client with default route
31.5. Configuration - Mobile Clients
WireGuard has a user space implementation for mobile devices available via the WireGuard app - available for Android and iOS (a full list of supported operating systems is available here).
The client can be configured in several ways:
31.5.1. Alternative A - Create configuration manually
This is self-explanatory, you actually create the config on the mobile device then transfer the relevant keys to the server's config.
31.5.2. Alternative B - Create configuration from archive
Here you have to create a .zip archive of the client configuration file, transfer it to the device then import it into the app.
31.5.3. Alternative C - Import by reading a QR code (most secure method)
The mobile client as of version 0.0.20180724 supports QR code based input.
qrencode can be used to generate qr codes, even in a terminal/console using UTF8 characters.
The syntax is:
# qrencode -t ansiutf8 < client.conf
This will generate a QR code that is readable by the mobile client.
The advantage of this approach is that there is no need to transfer sensitive information via data channels that can potentially be compromised and there is no need for any additional software.
31.6. External Links
Website: https://www.wireguard.com
System
1. Backups
FreedomBox includes the ability to backup and restore data, preferences, configuration and secrets from most of the applications. The Backups feature is built using Borg backup software. Borg is a deduplicating and compressing backup program. It is designed for efficient and secure backups. This backups feature can be used to selectively backup and restore data on an app-by-app basis. Backed up data can be stored on the FreedomBox machine itself or on a remote server. Any remote server providing SSH access can be used as a backup storage repository for FreedomBox backups. Data stored remotely may be encrypted and in such cases remote server cannot access your decrypted data.
1.1. Status of Backups Feature
App/Feature |
Support in Version |
Notes |
Avahi |
- |
no backup needed |
Backups |
- |
no backup needed |
Bind |
0.41 |
|
Cockpit |
- |
no backup needed |
Datetime |
0.41 |
|
Deluge |
0.41 |
does not include downloaded/seeding files |
Diagnostics |
- |
no backup needed |
Dynamic DNS |
0.39 |
|
ejabberd |
0.39 |
includes all data and configuration |
Firewall |
- |
no backup needed |
ikiwiki |
0.39 |
includes all wikis/blogs and their content |
infinoted |
0.39 |
includes all data and keys |
JSXC |
- |
no backup needed |
Let's Encrypt |
0.42 |
|
Matrix Synapse |
0.39 |
includes media and uploads |
MediaWiki |
0.39 |
includes wiki pages and uploaded files |
Minetest |
0.39 |
|
MLDonkey |
19.0 |
|
Monkeysphere |
0.42 |
|
Mumble |
0.40 |
|
Names |
- |
no backup needed |
Networks |
No |
No plans currently to implement backup |
OpenVPN |
0.48 |
includes all user and server keys |
Pagekite |
0.40 |
|
Power |
- |
no backup needed |
Privoxy |
- |
no backup needed |
Quassel |
0.40 |
includes users and logs |
Radicale |
0.39 |
includes calendar and cards data for all users |
Roundcube |
- |
no backup needed |
SearX |
- |
no backup needed |
Secure Shell (SSH) Server |
0.41 |
includes host keys |
Security |
0.41 |
|
Shadowsocks |
0.40 |
only secrets |
Sharing |
0.40 |
does not include the data in the shared folders |
Snapshot |
0.41 |
only configuration, does not include snapshot data |
Storage |
- |
no backup needed |
Syncthing |
0.48 |
does not include data in the shared folders |
Tahoe-LAFS |
0.42 |
includes all data and configuration |
Tiny Tiny RSS |
19.2 |
includes database containing feeds, stories, etc. |
Tor |
0.42 |
includes configuration and secrets such as onion service keys |
Transmission |
0.40 |
does not include downloaded/seeding files |
Upgrades |
0.42 |
|
Users |
No |
No plans currently to implement backup |
1.2. How to install and use Backups
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
1.3. External links
Upstream project: https://www.borgbackup.org
User documentation: https://borgbackup.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
2. BIND (Domain Name Server)
BIND enables you to publish your Domain Name System (DNS) information on the Internet, and to resolve DNS queries for your user devices on your network.
Currently, on FreedomBox, BIND is only used to resolve DNS queries for other machines on local network. It is also incompatible with sharing Internet connection from FreedomBox.
Note: This service is available only on networks configured as "internal" zone. It is not available when connected via OpenVPN.
2.1. External links
Upstream project: https://www.isc.org/bind/
3. Cockpit (Server Administration)
Cockpit is a server manager that makes it easy to administer GNU/Linux servers via a web browser. On a FreedomBox, controls are available for many advanced functions that are not usually required. A web based terminal for console operations is also available.
It can be accessed by any user on your FreedomBox belonging to the admin group. Cockpit is only usable when you have proper domain name setup for your FreedomBox and you use that domain name to access Cockpit. See the Troubleshooting section for more information.
Use cockpit only if you are an administrator of GNU/Linux systems with advanced skills. FreedomBox tries to coexist with changes to system by system administrators and system administration tools like Cockpit. However, improper changes to the system might causes failures in FreedomBox functions.
3.1. Using Cockpit
Install Cockpit like any other application on FreedomBox. Make sure that Cockpit is enabled after that.
Ensure that the user account on FreedomBox that will used for Cockpit is part of the administrators group.
Launch the Cockpit web interface. Login using the configured user account. Be sure to check the box to "reuse my password for privileged tasks", otherwise you will not be able to perform various tasks such as configuring raid, or editing users, once logged in.
Start using cockpit.
Cockpit is usable on mobile interfaces too.
3.2. Features
The following features of Cockpit may be useful for advanced FreedomBox users.
3.2.1. System Dashboard
Cockpit has a system dashboard that
- Shows detailed hardware information
- Shows basic performance metrics of a system
- Allows changing system time and timezone
Allows changing hostname. Please use FreedomBox UI to do this
- Shows SSH server fingerprints
3.2.2. Viewing System Logs
Cockpit allows querying system logs and examining them in full detail.
3.2.3. Managing Storage
Cockpit allows following advanced storage functions:
- View full disk information
- Editing disk partitions
- RAID management
3.2.4. Networking
Cockpit and FreedomBox both rely on NetworkManager to configure the network. However, Cockpit offers some advanced configuration not available on FreedomBox:
- Route configuration
- Configure Bonds, Bridges, VLANs
3.2.5. Services
Cockpit allows management of services and periodic jobs (similar to cron).
3.2.6. Web Terminal
Cockpit offers a web based terminal that can be used perform manual system administration tasks.
3.3. Troubleshooting
Cockpit requires a domain name to be properly setup on your FreedomBox and will only work when you access it using a URL with that domain name. Cockpit will not work when using IP address in the URL. Using freedombox.local as the domain name also does not work. For example, the following URLs will not work:
https://192.168.0.10/_cockpit/ https://freedombox.local/_cockpit/
Starting with FreedomBox version 19.15, using .local domain works. You can access Cockpit using the URL https://freedombox.local/_cockpit/. The .local domain is based on your hostname. If your hostname is mybox, your .local domain name will be mybox.local and the Cockpit URL will be https://mybox.local/_cockpit/.
To properly access Cockpit, use the domain name configured for your FreedomBox.Cockpit will also work well when using a Tor Onion Service. The following URLs will work:
https://mybox.freedombox.rocks/_cockpit/ https://exampletorhs.onion/_cockpit/
The reason for this behaviour is that Cockpit uses WebSockets to connect to the backend server. Cross site requests for WebSockets must be prevented for security reasons. To implement this, Cockpit maintains a list of all domains from which requests are allowed. FreedomBox automatically configures this list whenever you add or remove a domain. However, since we can't rely on IP addresses, they are not added by FreedomBox to this domain list. You can see the current list of allowed domains, as managed by FreedomBox, in /etc/cockpit/cockpit.conf. You may edit this, but do so only if you understand web security consequences of this.
3.4. External links
Upstream project: https://cockpit-project.org
User documentation: https://cockpit-project.org/guide/latest/
4. Configure
Configure has some general configuration options:
4.1. Hostname
Hostname is the local name by which other devices on the local network can reach your FreedomBox. The default hostname is freedombox.
4.2. Domain Name
Domain name is the global name by which other devices on the Internet can reach your FreedomBox. The value set here is used by the Chat Server (XMPP), Matrix Synapse, Certificates (Let's Encrypt), and Monkeysphere.
4.3. Webserver Home Page
This is an advanced option that allows you to set something other than FreedomBox Service as the home page to be served on the domain name of the FreedomBox. For example, if your FreedomBox's domain name is https://myfreedombox.rocks and you set MediaWiki as the home page, visiting https://myfreedombox.rocks will take you to https://myfreedombox.rocks/mediawiki/ instead of the usual https://myfreedombox.rocks/plinth/.
Once some other app is set as the home page, you can only navigate to the FreedomBox Service by typing https://myfreedombox.rocks/plinth/ into the browser.
/freedombox can also be used as an alias to /plinth
You can set any web application, Ikiwiki wikis and blogs or Apache's default index.html page as the web server home page. Since release 20.20 you can also select a user's website among those users who have created their public_html directory.
Tip: Bookmark the URL of FreedomBox Service before setting the home page to some other app.
5. Date & Time
This network time server is a program that maintains the system time in synchronization with servers on the Internet.
You can select your time zone by picking a big city nearby (they are sorted by Continent/City) or select directly the zone with respect to GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).
6. Diagnostics
The system diagnostic test will run a number of checks on your system to confirm that applications and services are working as expected.
Just click Run Diagnostics. This may take some minutes.
7. Dynamic DNS Client
7.1. What is Dynamic DNS?
In order to reach a server on the Internet, the server needs to have permanent address also known as the static IP address. Many Internet service providers don't provide home users with a static IP address or they charge more providing a static IP address. Instead they provide the home user with an IP address that changes every time the user connects to the Internet. Clients wishing to contact the server will have difficulty reaching the server.
Dynamic DNS service providers assist in working around a problem. First they provide you with a domain name, such as 'myhost.example.org'. Then they associate your IP address, whenever it changes, with this domain name. Then anyone intending to reach the server will be to contact the server using the domain name 'myhost.example.org' which always points to the latest IP address of the server.
For this to work, every time you connect to the Internet, you will have to tell your Dynamic DNS provider what your current IP address is. Hence you need special software on your server to perform this operation. The Dynamic DNS function in FreedomBox will allow users without a static public IP address to push the current public IP address to a Dynamic DNS Server. This allows you to expose services on FreedomBox, such as ownCloud, to the Internet.
7.2. GnuDIP vs. Update URL
There are two main mechanism to notify the Dynamic DNS server of your new IP address; using the GnuDIP protocol and using the Update URL mechanism.
If a service provided using update URL is not properly secured using HTTPS, your credentials may be visible to an adversary. Once an adversary gains your credentials, they will be able to replay your request your server and hijack your domain.
On the other hand, the GnuDIP protocol will only transport a salted MD5 value of your password, in a way that is secure against replay attacks.
7.3. Using the GnuDIP protocol
Register an account with any Dynamic DNS service provider. A free service provided by the FreedomBox community is available at https://gnudip.datasystems24.net .
In FreedomBox UI, enable the Dynamic DNS Service.
Select GnuDIP as Service type, enter your Dynamic DNS service provider address (for example, gnudip.datasystems24.net) into GnuDIP Server Address field.
Fill Domain Name, Username, Password information given by your provider into the corresponding fields.
7.4. Using an Update URL
This feature is implemented because the most popular Dynamic DNS providers are using Update URLs mechanism.
- Register an account with a Dynamic DNS service provider providing their service using Update URL mechanism. Some example providers are listed in the configuration page itself.
In FreedomBox UI, enable the Dynamic DNS service.
Select other Update URL as Service type, enter the update URL given by your provider into Update URL field.
If you browse the update URL with your Internet browser and a warning message about untrusted certificate appears, then enable accept all SSL certificates. WARNING: your credentials may be readable here because man-in-the-middle attacks are possible! Consider choosing a better service provider instead.
If you browse the update URL with your Internet browser and the username/password box appears, enable use HTTP basic authentication checkbox and provide the Username and Password.
If the update URL contains your current IP address, replace the IP address with the string <Ip>.
7.5. Checking If It Works
- Make sure that external services you have enabled such as /jwchat, /roundcube and /ikiwiki are available on your domain address.
Go to the Status page, make sure that the NAT type is detected correctly. If your FreedomBox is behind a NAT device, this should be detected over there (Text: Behind NAT). If your FreedomBox has a public IP address assigned, the text should be "Direct connection to the Internet".
Check that the last update status is not failed.
7.6. Recap: How to create a DNS name with GnuDIP
Access to GnuIP login page (answer Yes to all pop ups)
- Click on "Self Register"
- Fill the registration form (Username and domain will form the public IP address [username.domain])
Take note of the username/hostname and password that will be used on the FreedomBox app.
- Save and return to the GnuDIP login page to verify your username, domain and password (enter the datas, click login).
- Login output should display your new domain name along with your current public IP address (this is a unique address provided by your router for all your local devices).
Leave the GnuDIP interface and open the Dynamic DNS Client app page in your FreedomBox.
- Click on "Set Up" in the top menu.
- Activate Dynamic DNS
- Choose GnuDIP service.
- Add server address (gnudip.datasystems24.net)
- Add your fresh domain name (username.domain, ie [username].freedombox.rocks)
- Add your fresh username (the one used in your new IP address) and password
- Add your GnuDIP password
Fill the option with http://myip.datasystems24.de (try this url in your browser, you will figure out immediately)
8. Firewall
Firewall is a network security system that controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic. Keeping a firewall enabled and properly configured reduces risk of security threat from the Internet.
The operation of the firewall in FreedomBox web interface is automatic. When you enable a service it is automatically permitted in the firewall and when you disable a service it is automatically disabled in the firewall. For services which are enabled by default on FreedomBox, firewall ports are also enabled by default during the first run process.
Firewall management in FreedomBox is done using FirewallD.
8.1. Interfaces
Each interface is needs to be assigned to one (and only one) zone. If an interface is not assigned any zone, it is automatically assigned external zone. Whatever rules are in effect for a zone, those rules start to apply for that interface. For example, if HTTP traffic is allowed in a particular zone, then web requests will be accepted on all the addresses configured for all the interfaces assigned to that zone.
There are primarily two firewall zones used. The internal zone is meant for services that are provided to all machines on the local network. This may include services such as streaming media and simple file sharing. The external zone is meant for services that are provided publicly on the Internet. This may include services such as blog, website, email web client etc.
For details on how network interfaces are configured by default, see the Networks section.
8.2. Opening Custom Ports
Cockpit app provides advanced management of firewall. Both FreedomBox and Cockpit operate over firewalld and are hence compatible with each other. In particular, Cockpit can be used to open custom services or ports on FreedomBox. This is useful if you are manually running your own services in addition to the services provided by FreedomBox on the same machine.
8.3. FreedomBox Ports/Services
The following table attempts to document the ports, services and their default statuses in FreedomBox. If you find this page outdated, see the Firewall status page in FreedomBox interface.
Service |
Port |
External |
Enabled by default |
Status shown in FreedomBox |
Managed by FreedomBox |
Minetest |
30000/udp |
|
|
|
|
XMPP Client |
5222/tcp |
|
|
|
|
XMPP Server |
5269/tcp |
|
|
|
|
XMPP Bosh |
5280/tcp |
|
|
|
|
NTP |
123/udp |
|
|
|
|
FreedomBox Web Interface (Plinth) |
443/tcp |
|
|
|
|
Quassel |
4242/tcp |
|
|
|
|
SIP |
5060/tcp |
|
|
|
|
SIP |
5060/udp |
|
|
|
|
SIP-TLS |
5061/tcp |
|
|
|
|
SIP-TLS |
5061/udp |
|
|
|
|
RTP |
1024-65535/udp |
|
|
|
|
SSH |
22/tcp |
|
|
|
|
mDNS |
5353/udp |
|
|
|
|
Tor (Socks) |
9050/tcp |
|
|
|
|
Obfsproxy |
<random>/tcp |
|
|
|
|
OpenVPN |
1194/udp |
|
|
|
|
Mumble |
64378/tcp |
|
|
|
|
Mumble |
64378/udp |
|
|
|
|
Privoxy |
8118/tcp |
|
|
|
|
JSXC |
80/tcp |
|
|
|
|
JSXC |
443/tcp |
|
|
|
|
DNS |
53/tcp |
|
|
|
|
DNS |
53/udp |
|
|
|
|
DHCP |
67/udp |
|
|
|
|
Bootp |
67/tcp |
|
|
|
|
Bootp |
67/udp |
|
|
|
|
Bootp |
68/tcp |
|
|
|
|
Bootp |
68/udp |
|
|
|
|
LDAP |
389/tcp |
|
|
|
|
LDAPS |
636/tcp |
|
|
|
|
8.4. Manual operation
See FirewallD documentation for more information on the basic concepts and comprehensive documentation.
8.4.1. Enable/disable firewall
To disable firewall
service firewalld stop
or with systemd
systemctl stop firewalld
To re-enable firewall
service firewalld start
or with systemd
systemctl start firewalld
8.4.2. Modifying services/ports
You can manually add or remove a service from a zone.
To see list of services enabled:
firewall-cmd --zone=<zone> --list-services
Example:
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --list-services
To see list of ports enabled:
firewall-cmd --zone=<zone> --list-ports
Example:
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --list-ports
To remove a service from a zone:
firewall-cmd --zone=<zone> --remove-service=<service> firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=<zone> --remove-service=<interface>
Example:
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --remove-service=xmpp-bosh firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=internal --remove-service=xmpp-bosh
To remove a port from a zone:
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --remove-port=<port>/<protocol> firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=internal --remove-port=<port>/<protocol>
Example:
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --remove-port=5353/udp firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=internal --remove-port=5353/udp
To add a service to a zone:
firewall-cmd --zone=<zone> --add-service=<service> firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=<zone> --add-service=<interface>
Example:
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --add-service=xmpp-bosh firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=internal --add-service=xmpp-bosh
To add a port to a zone:
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --add-port=<port>/<protocol> firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=internal --add-port=<port>/<protocol>
Example:
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --add-port=5353/udp firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=internal --add-port=5353/udp
8.4.3. Modifying the zone of interfaces
You can manually change the assignment of zones of each interfaces after they have been autuomatically assigned by the first boot process.
To see current assignment of interfaces to zones:
firewall-cmd --list-all-zones
To remove an interface from a zone:
firewall-cmd --zone=<zone> --remove-interface=<interface> firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=<zone> --remove-interface=<interface>
Example:
firewall-cmd --zone=external --remove-interface=eth0 firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=external --remove-interface=eth0
To add an interface to a zone:
firewall-cmd --zone=<zone> --add-interface=<interface> firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=<zone> --add-interface=<interface>
Example:
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --add-interface=eth0 firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=internal --add-interface=eth0
9. Let's Encrypt (Certificates)
A digital certificate allows users of a web service to verify the identity of the service and to securely communicate with it. FreedomBox can automatically obtain and setup digital certificates for each available domain. It does so by proving itself to be the owner of a domain to Let's Encrypt, a certificate authority (CA).
Let's Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority, run for the public's benefit by the Internet Security Research Group (ISRG). Please read and agree with the Let's Encrypt Subscriber Agreement before using this service.
9.1. Why using Certificates
The communication with your FreedomBox can be secured so that it is not possible to intercept the content of the web pages viewed and about the content exchanged.
9.2. How to setup
If your FreedomBox is behind a router, you will need to set up port forwarding on your router. You should forward the following ports:
- TCP 80 (http)
- TCP 443 (https)
- Make the domain name known:
In Configure insert your domain name, e.g. MyWebName.com
- Verify the domain name was accepted
Check that it is enabled in Name Services
- Go to the Certificates (Let's Encrypt) page, and complete the module install if needed. Then click the "Obtain" button for your domain name.
- After some minutes a valid certificate is available
- After some minutes a valid certificate is available
Verify in your browser by checking https://MyWebName.com
Screencast: Let's Encrypt
9.3. Using
The certificate is valid for 3 months. It is renewed automatically and can also be re-obtained or revoked manually.
With running diagnostics the certificate can also be verified.
9.4. External links
Upstream project: https://letsencrypt.org
User documentation: https://letsencrypt.org/docs/
10. Monkeysphere
With Monkeysphere, an OpenPGP key can be generated for each configured domain serving SSH. The OpenPGP public key can then be uploaded to the OpenPGP keyservers. Users connecting to this machine through SSH can verify that they are connecting to the correct host. For users to trust the key, at least one person (usually the machine owner) must sign the key using the regular OpenPGP key signing process. See the Monkeysphere SSH documentation for more details.
Monkeysphere can also generate an OpenPGP key for each Secure Web Server (HTTPS) certificate installed on this machine. The OpenPGP public key can then be uploaded to the OpenPGP keyservers. Users accessing the web server through HTTPS can verify that they are connecting to the correct host. To validate the certificate, the user will need to install some software that is available on the Monkeysphere website.
10.1. External links
Upstream project: http://web.monkeysphere.info
User Documentation: http://web.monkeysphere.info/doc/
11. Name Services
Name Services provides an overview of ways the box can be reached from the public Internet: domain name, Tor Onion Service, and Pagekite. For each type of name, it is shown whether the HTTP, HTTPS, and SSH services are enabled or disabled for incoming connections through the given name.
12. Networks
This section describes how networking is setup by default in FreedomBox and how you can customize it. See also the Firewall section for more information on how firewall works.
12.1. Default setup
In a fresh image of FreedomBox, network is not configured at all. When the image is written to an SD card and the device boots, configuration is done. During first boot, FreedomBox setup package detects the networks interfaces and tries to automatically configure them so that FreedomBox is available for further configuration via the web interface from another machine without the need to connect a monitor. Automatic configuration also tries to make FreedomBox useful, out of the box, for the most important scenarios FreedomBox is used for.
There are two scenarios it handles: when is a single ethernet interface and when there are multiple ethernet interfaces.
12.1.1. Single ethernet interface
When there is only single ethernet interface available on the hardware device, there is not much scope for it to play the role of a router. In this case, the device is assumed to be just another machine in the network. Accordingly, the only available interface is configured to be an internal interface in automatic configuration mode. This means that it connects to the Internet using the configuration provided by a router in the network and also makes all (internal and external) of its services available to all the clients on this network.
12.1.2. Multiple ethernet interface
When there are multiple ethernet interfaces available on the hardware device, the device can act as a router. The interfaces are then configured to perform this function.
The first network interface is configured to be an WAN or external interface in automatic configuration mode. This means that it connects to the Internet using network configuration provided by the Internet Service Provider (ISP). Only services that are meant to be provided across the entire Internet (external services) will be exposed on this interface. You must plug your Internet connection into the port of this ethernet interface. If you wish to continue to have your existing router manage the Internet connection for you, then plug a connection from your router to the port on this interface.
The remaining network interfaces are configured for the clients of a router. They are configured as LAN or internal interfaces in shared configuration mode. This means that all the services (both external and internal) services are provided to who ever connects on this interface. Further, the shared mode means that clients will be able to receive details of automatic network connection on this interface. Specifically, DHCP configuration and DNS servers are provided on this interface. The Internet connection available to the device using the first network interface will be shared with clients using this interface. This all means that you can connect your computers to this network interface and they will get automatically configured and will be able to access the Internet via the FreedomBox.
Currently, it is not very clear which interface will be come the WAN interface (and the remaining being LAN interfaces) although the assignment process is deterministic. So, it take a bit of trail and error to figure out which one is which. In future, for each device, this will be well documented.
12.1.3. Wi-Fi configuration
All Wi-Fi interfaces are configured to be LAN or internal interfaces in shared configuration mode. They are also configured to become Wi-Fi access points with following details.
Name of the access point will be FreedomBox plus the name of the interface (to handle the case where there are multiple of them).
Password for connecting to the interface will be freedombox123.
12.2. Internet Connection Sharing
Although the primary duty of FreedomBox is to provide decentralized services, it can also act like a home router. Hence, in most cases, FreedomBox connects to the Internet and provides other machines in the network the ability to use that Internet connection. FreedomBox can do this in two ways: using a shared mode connection or using an internal connection.
When an interface is set in shared mode, you may connect your machine directly to it. This is either by plugging in an ethernet cable from this interface to your machine or by connecting to a Wi-Fi access point. This case is the simplest to use, as FreedomBox automatically provides your machine with the necessary network configuration. Your machine will automatically connect to FreedomBox provided network and will be able to connect to the Internet given that FreedomBox can itself connect to the Internet.
Sometimes the above setup may not be possible because the hardware device may have only one network interface or for other reasons. Even in this case, your machine can still connect to the Internet via FreedomBox. For this to work, make sure that the network interface that your machine is connecting to is in internal mode. Then, connect your machine to network in which FreedomBox is present. After this, in your machine's network configuration, set FreedomBox's IP address as the gateway. FreedomBox will then accept your network traffic from your machine and send it over to the Internet. This works because network interfaces in internal mode are configured to masquerade packets from local machines to the Internet and receive packets from Internet and forward them back to local machines.
12.3. Customization
The above default configuration may not be fit for your setup. You can customize the configuration to suit your needs from the Networks area in the 'setup' section of the FreedomBox web interface.
12.3.1. PPPoE connections
If your ISP does not provide automatic network configuration via DHCP and requires you to connection via PPPoE. To configure PPPoE, remove any network connection existing on an interface and add a PPPoE connection. Here, optionally, provide the account username and password given by your ISP and activate the connection.
12.3.2. Connect to Internet via Wi-Fi
By default Wi-Fi devices attached during first boot will be configured as access points. They can be configured as regular Wi-Fi devices instead to connection to a local network or an existing Wi-Fi router. To do this, click on the Wi-Fi connection to edit it. Change the mode to Infrastructure instead of Access Point mode and IPv4 Addressing Method to Automatic (DHCP) instead of Shared mode. Then the SSID provided will mean the Wi-Fi network name you wish to connect to and passphrase will be the used to while making the connection.
12.3.2.1. Problems with Privacy Feature
NetworkManager used by FreedomBox to connect to the Wi-Fi networks has a privacy feature that uses a different identity when scanning for networks and when actually connecting to the Wi-Fi access point. Unfortunately, this causes problems with some routers that reject connections from such devices. Your connection won't successfully activate and disconnect after trying to activate. If you have control over the router's behaviour, you could also turn off the feature causing problem. Otherwise, the solution is to connect with a remote shell using SSH or Cockpit, editing a file /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf and adding the line wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no in the [device] section. This turns off the privacy feature.
Edit a file:
$ sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
Add the following:
[device] wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
Then reboot the machine.
12.3.3. Adding a new network device
When a new network device is added, network manager will automatically configure it. In most cases this will not work to your liking. Delete the automatic configuration created on the interface and create a new network connection. Select your newly added network interface in the add connection page.
Then set firewall zone to internal and external appropriately.
- You can configure the interface to connect to a network or provide network configuration to whatever machine connects to it.
- Similarly, if it is a Wi-Fi interface, you can configure it to become a Wi-FI access point or to connect to an existing access points in the network.
12.3.4. Configuring a mesh network
FreedomBox has rudimentary support for participating in BATMAN-Adv based mesh networks. It is possible to either join an existing network in your area or create a new mesh network and share your Internet connection with the rest of the nodes that join the network. Currently, two connections have to be created and activated manually to join or create a mesh network.
12.3.4.1. Joining a mesh network
To join an existing mesh network in your area, first consult the organizers and get information about the mesh network.
Create a new connection, then select the connection type as Wi-Fi. In the following dialog, provide the following values:
Save the connection. Join the mesh network by activating this newly created connection.Field Name
Example Value
Explanation
Connection Name
Mesh Join - BATMAN
The name must end with 'BATMAN' (uppercase)
Physical Interface
wlan0
The Wi-Fi device you wish to use for joining the mesh network
Firewall Zone
External
Since you don't wish that participants in mesh network to use internal services of FreedomBox
SSID
ch1.freifunk.net
As provided to you by the operators of the mesh network. You should see this as a network in Nearby Wi-Fi Networks
Mode
Ad-hoc
Because this is a peer-to-peer network
Frequency Band
2.4Ghz
As provided to you by the operators of the mesh network
Channel
1
As provided to you by the operators of the mesh network
BSSID
12:CA:FF:EE:BA:BE
As provided to you by the operators of the mesh network
Authentication
Open
Leave this as open, unless you know your mesh network needs it be otherwise
Passphrase
Leave empty unless you know your mesh network requires one
IPv4 Addressing Method
Disabled
We don't want to request IP configuration information yet
Create a second new connection, then select the connection type as Generic. In the following dialog, provide this following values:
Field Name
Example Value
Explanation
Connection Name
Mesh Connect
Any name to identify this connection
Physical Interface
bat0
This interface will only show up after you successfully activate the connection in first step
Firewall Zone
External
Since you don't wish that participants in mesh network to use internal services of FreedomBox
IPv4 Addressing Method
Auto
Mesh networks usually have a DHCP server somewhere that provide your machine with IP configuration. If not, consult the operator and configure IP address setting accordingly with Manual method
Save the connection. Configure your machine for participation in the network by activating this connection. Currently, this connection has to be manually activated every time you need to join the network. In future, FreedomBox will do this automatically. You will now be able reach other nodes in the network. You will also be able to connect to the Internet via the mesh network if there is an Internet connection point somewhere in mesh as setup by the operators.
12.3.4.2. Creating a mesh network
To create your own mesh network and share your Internet connection with the rest of the nodes in the network:
Follow the instructions as provided above in step 1 of Joining a mesh network but choose and fix upon your own valid values for SSID (a name for you mesh network), Frequency Band (usually 2.4Ghz), Channel (1 to 11 in 2.4Ghz band) and BSSID (a hex value like 12:CA:DE:AD:BE:EF). Create this connection and activate it.
Follow the instructions as provided above in step 2 of Joining a mesh network but select IPv4 Addressing Method as Shared. This will provide automatic IP configuration to other nodes in the network as well as share the Internet connection on your machine (achieved using a second Wi-Fi interface, using Ethernet, etc.) with other nodes in the mesh network.
Spread the word about your mesh network to your neighbors and let them know the parameters you have provided when creating the network. When other nodes connect to this mesh network, they have to follow steps in Joining a mesh network but use the values for SSID, Frequency Band and Channel that you have chosen when you created the mesh network.
12.4. Advanced Network Operations
Cockpit provides many advanced networking features over those offered by FreedomBox. Both FreedomBox and Cockpit operate over Network Manager and are hence compatible with each other. Some of the functions provided by Cockpit include:
- Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) for a network connection
- Change the hardware address (MAC address) of a network interface
- Add more DNS servers and configure routing of a network connection
- Creating bonded devices for highly available network interfaces
- Creating bridge devices to join network interfaces for aggregating separate networks
- Manage VLAN for creating virtual partitions in the physical network
12.5. Manual Network Operation
FreedomBox automatically configures networks by default and provides a simplified interface to customize the configuration to specific needs. In most cases, manual operation is not necessary. The following steps describe how to manually operate network configuration in the event that a user finds FreedomBox interface to insufficient for task at hand or to diagnose a problem that FreedomBox does not identify.
On the command line interface:
For text based user interface for configuring network connections:
nmtui
To see the list of available network devices:
nmcli device
To see the list of configured connections:
nmcli connection
To see the current status of a connection:
nmcli connection show '<connection_name>'
To see the current firewall zone assigned to a network interface:
nmcli connection show '<connection_name>' | grep zone
or
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --list-all firewall-cmd --zone=external --list-all
To create a new network connection:
nmcli con add con-name "<connection_name>" ifname "<interface>" type ethernet nmcli con modify "<connection_name>" connection.autoconnect TRUE nmcli con modify "<connection_name>" connection.zone internal
To change the firewall zone for a connection:
nmcli con modify "<connection_name>" connection.zone "<internal|external>"
For more information on how to use nmcli command, see its man page. Also for a full list of configuration settings and type of connections accepted by Network Manager see:
https://developer.gnome.org/NetworkManager/stable/ref-settings.html
To see the current status of the firewall and manually operate it, see the Firewall section.
13. PageKite (Public Visibility)
13.1. What is PageKite?
PageKite makes local websites and services publicly accessible immediately without creating yourself a public IP address. It does this by tunneling protocols such as HTTPS or SSH through firewalls and NAT. Using PageKite requires an account on a PageKite relay service. One such service is https://pagekite.net.
A PageKite relay service will allow you to create kites. Kites are similar to domain names, but with different advantages and drawbacks. A kite can have a number of configured services. PageKite is known to work with HTTP, HTTPS, and SSH, and may work with some other services, but not all.
13.2. Using PageKite
Create an account on a PageKite relay service.
- Add a kite to your account. Note your kite name and kite secret.
In FreedomBox, go to the "Configure PageKite" tab on the Public Visibility (PageKite) page.
Check the "Enable PageKite" box, then enter your kite name and kite secret. Click "Save settings".
- On the "Standard Services" tab, you can enable HTTP and HTTPS (recommended) and SSH (optional).
- HTTP is needed to obtain the Let's Encrypt certificate. You can disable it later.
On the Certificates (Let's Encrypt) page, you can obtain a Let's Encrypt certificate for your kite name.
14. Performance (System Monitoring)
Available since: version 20.9.7
Performance app allows you to collect, store and view information about utilization of the hardware. This can gives you basic insights into usage patterns and whether the hardware is overloaded by users and services.
Performance metrics are collected by Performance Co-Pilot and can be viewed using the Cockpit app. When this system app is installed and enabled, cockpit's graphs shows the past (up to one year at a time).
15. Power
To restart or shut down FreedomBox, click the user dropdown menu on the top right of the page. After you select "Restart" or "Shut Down", you will be asked to confirm.
16. Secure Shell (SSH) Sever
16.1. What is Secure Shell?
FreedomBox runs openssh-server server by default allowing remote logins from all interfaces. If your hardware device is connected to a monitor and a keyboard, you may login directly as well. Regular operation of FreedomBox does not require you to use the shell. However, some tasks or identifying a problem may require you to login to a shell.
16.2. Setting Up A User Account
16.2.1. FreedomBox First Log In: Admin Account
When creating an account in FreedomBox's web interface for the first time, this user will automatically have administrator capabilities. Admin users are able to log in using ssh (see Logging In below) and have superuser privileges via sudo.
16.2.2. Default User Account
Note: If you can access FreedomBox's web interface, then you don't need to do this. You can use the user account created in FreedomBox's web interface to connect to SSH.
The pre-built FreedomBox images have a default user account called "fbx". However the password is not set for this account, so it will not be possible to log in with this account by default.
There is a script included in the freedom-maker program, that will allow you to set the password for this account, if it is needed. To set a password for the "fbx" user:
1. Decompress the image file.
2. Get a copy of freedom-maker from https://salsa.debian.org/freedombox-team/freedom-maker/.
3. Run sudo ./bin/passwd-in-image <image-file> fbx.
4. Copy the image file to SD card and boot device as normal.
The "fbx" user also has superuser privileges via sudo.
16.3. Logging In
16.3.1. Local
To login via SSH, to your FreedomBox:
$ ssh fbx@freedombox
Replace fbx with the name of the user you wish to login as. freedombox should be replaced with the hostname or IP address of you FreedomBox device as found in the Quick Start process.
fbx is the default user present on FreedomBox with superuser privileges. Any other user created using FreedomBox and belonging to the group admin will be able to login. The root account has no password set and will not be able to login. Access will be denied to all other users.
fbx and users in admin group will also be able to login on the terminal directly. Other users will be denied access.
If you repeatedly try to login as a user and fail, you will be blocked from logging in for some time. This is due to libpam-abl package that FreedomBox installs by default. To control this behavior consult libpam-abl documentation.
16.3.2. SSH over Tor
If in FreedomBox you have enabled onion services via Tor, you can access your FreedomBox using ssh over Tor. On a GNU/Linux computer, install netcat-openbsd.
$ sudo apt-get install netcat-openbsd
Edit ~/.ssh/config to enable connections over Tor.
$ nano ~/.ssh/config
Add the following:
Host *.onion user USERNAME port 22 ProxyCommand nc -X 5 -x 127.0.0.1:9050 %h %p
Replace USERNAME with, e.g., an admin username (see above).
Note that in some cases you may need to replace 9050 with 9150.
Now to connect to the FreedomBox, open a terminal and type:
$ ssh USERNAME@ADDRESS.onion
Replace USERNAME with, e.g., an admin username, and ADDRESS with the onion service address for your FreedomBox.
16.3.3. SSH Over Pagekite
If in FreedomBox you are using Pagekite to expose services to the Internet, you can access your FreedomBox using SSH over Pagekite. On a GNU/Linux computer install netcat-openbsd.
$ sudo apt-get install netcat-openbsd
Edit ~/.ssh/config to enable connections over Pagekite.
$ nano ~/.ssh/config
Add the following:
Host *.pagekite.me CheckHostIP no ProxyCommand /bin/nc -X connect -x %h:443 %h %p
Now to connect to FreedomBox, open a terminal and type:
$ ssh USERNAME@KITENAME.pagekite.me
Replace USERNAME with, e.g., an admin username, and KITENAME with your kite name provided by pagekite.net as configured in FreedomBox.
16.4. Becoming Superuser
After logging in, if you want to become the superuser for performing administrative activities:
$ sudo su
Make a habit of logging in as root only when you need to. If you aren't logged in as root, you can't accidentally break everything.
16.5. Changing Password
To change the password of a user managed by FreedomBox's web interface, use the change password page. However, the fbx default user is not managed by FreedomBox's web interface and its password cannot be changed through it.
To change password on the terminal, log in to your FreedomBox as the user whose password you want to change. Then, run the following command:
$ passwd
This will ask you for your current password before giving you the opportunity to set a new one.
16.6. External links
Upstream project: https://www.openssh.com
User documentation: https://www.openssh.com/manual.html
17. Security
Press the Show security report button to see a report including the following:
Number of security vulnerabilities in installed version of FreedomBox.
- Number of security vulnerabilities for each installed app.
- Whether each installed app supports security sandboxing.
- For each enabled app, the security sandbox coverage as a percentage.
17.1. Configuration
When the Restrict console logins option is enabled, only users in the admin group will be able to log in via console, secure shell (SSH) or graphical login. When this option is disabled, any user with an account on FreedomBox will be able to log in. They may be able to access some services without further authorization. This option should only be disabled if all the users of the system are well trusted. If you wish to use your FreedomBox machine also as a desktop and allow non-admin users to login via GUI, this option must be disabled. You can define the list of users belonging to admin group in the Users section.
18. Service Discovery
Service discovery allows other devices on the network to discover your FreedomBox and services running on it. If a client on the local network supports mDNS, it can find your FreedomBox at <hostname>.local (for example: freedombox.local).
It also allows FreedomBox to discover other devices and services running on your local network.
Service discovery is not essential and works only on internal networks. It may be disabled to improve security especially when connecting to a hostile local network.
19. Troubleshooting
19.1. Unable to reach <hostname>.local
If <hostname>.local is not able to be reached, you may simply need to disable and re-enable the Service Discovery feature in FreedomBox. To do this, go to System -> Service Discovery, slide the toggle to the left position to disable it (it turns grey), followed by sliding it back to the right to re-enable it (it turns blue).
To do this you obviously need other means to reach your FreedomBox than <hostname>.local. See the Quick Start Guide for those.
20. Storage
Storage allows you to see the storage devices attached to your FreedomBox and their disk space usage.
FreedomBox can automatically detect and mount removable media like USB flash drives. They are listed under the Removable Devices section along with an option to eject them.
If there is some free space left after the root partition, the option to expand the root partition is also available. This is typically not shown, since expanding the root partition happens automatically when the FreedomBox starts up for the first time.
20.1. Advanced Storage Operations
Cockpit provides many advanced storage features over those offered by FreedomBox. Both FreedomBox and Cockpit operate over Udisks2 storage daemon and are hence compatible with each other. Some of the functions provided by Cockpit include:
- Format a disk or partition with a fresh filesystem
- Add, remove partitions or wipe the partition table
- Create and unlock encrypted file systems
- Create and manage RAID devices
21. Storage Snapshots
Snapshots allows you to create filesystem snapshots, and rollback the system to a previous snapshot.
Note: This feature requires a Btrfs filesystem. All of the FreedomBox stable disk images use Btrfs.
There are three types of snapshots:
- boot: Taken when the system boots up
- Software Installation (apt): Taken when software is installed or updated
- Timeline: Taken hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly
The Timeline and Software Installation snapshots can be turned on or off, and you can limit the number of each type of Timeline snapshot. You can also set a percentage of free disk space to be maintained.
22. Software Updates
FreedomBox can automatically install security updates. On the Update page of the System section in FreedomBox web interface you can turn on automatic updates. This feature is enabled by default and there is no manual action necessary. It is strongly recommended that you have this option enabled to keep your FreedomBox secure.
Updates are performed every day at night according to you local time zone. You can set the time zone with Date & Time. If you wish to shutdown FreedomBox every day after use, keep it running at night once a week or so to let the automatic updates happen. Alternatively, you can perform manual updates as described below.
Note that once the updates start, it may take a long time to complete. During automatic update process that runs every night or during manual update process, you will not be able to install apps from FreedomBox web interface.
22.1. When Will I Get the Latest Features?
Although updates are done every day for security reasons, latest features of FreedomBox will not propagate to all the users. The following information should help you understand how new features become available to users.
Stable Users: This category of users include users who bought the FreedomBox Pioneer Edition, installed FreedomBox on a Debian stable distribution or users who downloaded the stable images from freedombox.org. As a general rule, only security updates to various packages are provided to these users. One exception to this rule is where FreedomBox service itself is updated when a release gains high confidence from developers. This means that latest FreedomBox features may become available to these users although not as quickly or frequently as testing users. If an app is available only in testing distribution but not in stable distribution, then that app will show up in the web interface but will not be installable by stable users. Some apps are also provided an exception to the rule of "security updates only" when the app is severely broken otherwise. Every two years, a major release of Debian stable happens with the latest versions of all the software packages and FreedomBox developers will attempt to upgrade these users to the new release without requiring manual intervention.
Testing Users: This category of users include users who installed FreedomBox on a Debian testing distribution or users who downloaded the testing images from freedombox.org. Users who use Debian testing are likely to face occasional disruption in the services and may even need manual intervention to fix the issue. As a general rule, these users receive all the latest features and security updates to all the installed packages. Every two weeks, a new version of FreedomBox is released with all the latest features and fixes. These releases will reach testing users approximately 2-3 days after the release.
Unstable Users: This category of users include users who installed FreedomBox on a Debian unstable distribution or users who downloaded the unstable images from freedombox.org. Users who use Debian unstable are likely to face occasional disruption in the services and may even need manual intervention to fix the issue. As a general rule, these users receive all the latest features to all the installed packages. Every two weeks, a new version of FreedomBox is released with all the latest features and fixes. Theses releases will reach unstable users on the day of the release. Only developers, testers and other contributors to the FreedomBox project should use the unstable distribution and end users and advised against using it.
22.2. Manual Updates from Web Interface
To get updates immediately and not wait until the end of the day, you may want to trigger updates manually. You can do this by pressing the Update now button in Manual update tab for Update page in System section. Note that this step is not necessary if you have enabled Auto-updates as every night this operation is performed automatically.
When installing apps you may receive an error message such as
Error installing packages: E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem
This is typically caused by shutting down FreedomBox while it is installing apps, while performing daily updates or during some other operations. This situation can be rectified immediately by running manual update.
22.3. Manual Updates from Terminal
Some software packages may require manual interaction for updating due to questions related to configuration. In such cases, FreedomBox updates itself and brings in new knowledge necessary to update the package by answering configuration questions. After updating itself, FreedomBox acts on behalf of the user and updates the packages by answering the questions. Until FreedomBox has a chance to update the package, such packages should not be be updated manually. The manual update triggered from the web interface is already mindful of such packages and does not update them.
In some rare situations, FreedomBox itself might fail to update or the update mechanism might fall into a situation that might need manual intervention from a terminal. To perform manual upgrades on the terminal, login into FreedomBox on a terminal (if you have monitor and keyboard connected), via a web terminal (using FreedomBox/Manual/Cockpit) or using a remote secure shell (see Secure Shell section). Then run the following commands:
$ sudo su - Password: <enter user password here> # dpkg --configure -a # apt update # apt -f install # unattended-upgrade --debug # apt install freedombox # apt update
If apt-get update asks for a confirmation to change Codename or other release information, confirm yes. If during update of freedombox package, if a question about overwriting configuration files is asked, answer to install new configuration files from the latest version of the package. This process will upgrade only packages that don't require configuration file questions (except for freedombox package). After this, let FreedomBox handle the upgrade of remaining packages. Be patient while new releases of FreedomBox are made to handle packages that require manual intervention.
If you want to go beyond the recommendation to upgrade all the packages on your FreedomBox and if you are really sure about handling the configuration changes for packages yourself, run the following command:
$ apt dist-upgrade
23. Users and Groups
You can grant access to your FreedomBox for other users. Provide the Username with a password and assign a group to it. Currently the groups
- admin
- bit-torrent
- calibre
- ed2k
- feed-reader
- freedombox-share
- git-access
- i2p
- minidlna
- syncthing
- web-search
- wiki
are supported.
The user will be able to log in to services that support single sign-on through LDAP, if they are in the appropriate group.
Users in the admin group will be able to log in to all services. They can also log in to the system through SSH and have administrative privileges (sudo).
A user's groups can also be changed later.
It is also possible to set an SSH public key which will allow this user to securely log in to the system without using a password. You may enter multiple keys, one on each line. Blank lines and lines starting with # will be ignored.
The interface language can be set for each user individually. By default, the language preference set in the web browser will be used.
A user's account can be deactivated, which will temporarily disable the account.
Hardware
FreedomBox zielt darauf ab, ein Unterhaltungselektronik-Gerät zu sein, das einfach zu installieren, zu unterhalten und zu verwenden ist. Das Projekt zielt nicht darauf ab, ein spezielles Gerät zu realisieren. Statt dessen planen wir existierende Hardware zu unterstützen/anzupassen.
Zusätzlich zur Unterstützung verschiedener Single-Board-Computer und anderer Geräte, unterstützt FreedomBox auch die Installation in einer virtuellen Maschine. Auch kann jede Debian-Maschine in eine FreedomBox durch die Installation des freedombox-setup Paket umgewandelt werden. Siehe das Handbuch für weitere Details.
1. Unterstützte Hardware
1.1. Empfohlene Hardware
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1.2. Auch Funktionierende Hardware
Diese Hardware funktioniert, ist aber nicht empfohlen aufgrund von Freiheits-, Kosten-Nutzen- oder anderer Bedenken:
Hinweis: Da FreedomBox noch in der Entwicklung ist, bedeutet Unterstützte Hardware, dass FreedomBox Images für die genannte Hardware realisiert werden und mindestens ein Entwickler berichtet hat, dass sie in ihren Grundfunktionen arbeitet.
2. Ziel-Hardware
2.1. Liste der Ziel-Hardware
Obwohl sich das Projekt auf die Unterstützung von bestimmten Geräten konzentriert, versuchen wir eine möglichst breite Vielzahl an Hardware zu unterstützen, die für die FreedomBox geeignet ist. Werfen Sie einen Blick auf die Liste der unterstützen Hardware für weitere Unterstützung.
2.2. Hardware Unterstützung hinzufügen
Wenn Sie Entwickler sind, sollten Sie erwägen, Hardware-Unterstützung für Ihr Gerät beizutragen, indem Sie Freedom Maker und FreedomBox Setup anpassen.
3. Pioneer Edition FreedomBox
Pioneer FreedomBox Home Servers are produced and sold by Olimex, a company which specializes in Open Source Hardware (OSHW). The kit includes pocket-sized server hardware, an SD card with the operating system pre-installed, and a backup battery which can power the hardware for 4-5 hours in case of outages. It sells for 69 euro. An optional storage add-on for high capacity hard disk (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD) is also available from Olimex. By purchasing this product, you also support the FreedomBox Foundation's efforts to create and promote its free and open source server software.
3.1. Product Features
The Pioneer Edition FreedomBox Home Server Kit includes all the hardware needed for launching a FreedomBox home server on an Olimex A20-OLinuXino-LIME2 board:
the A20-OlinuXino-LIME2,
a custom metal case with a laser-engraved FreedomBox logo,
a high-speed 32GB micro SD card with the FreedomBox software pre-installed,
- a backup battery,
- a power adapter, and
- an Ethernet cable.
- an optional storage add-on for hard disk (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD)
3.2. Recommended Hardware
This is the hardware recommended for all users who just want a turn-key FreedomBox, and don't want to build their own one.
(Building your own FreedomBox means some technical stuff like choosing and buying the right components, downloading the image and preparing the SD card).
3.3. Availability
The Pioneer Edition FreedomBox Home Server is the first commercially available version of FreedomBox.
- Price: 69 EUR
The US version is also available through Mouser Electronics.
3.4. Hardware Specifications
Pioneer Edition FreedomBox Home Server is based on A20-OLinuXino-LIME2 Rev.G.
Open Source Hardware (OSHW): Yes
- CPU: Allwinner A20, ARM Cortex-A7 @ 1GHz dual-core
- RAM: 1 GiB DDR3
Storage: 32GB class 10+ microSD card pre-loaded with FreedomBox
- SATA: 1 SATA port 2.6 compliant 3Gb/s
- USB: 2 USB 2.0 Hi-Speed host ports
- Battery: 3.3V Li-Po, 1400mAh (4-5 hours of backup without additional devices connected via USB)
- Ethernet: 10/100/1000, RJ45 (1 meter cable included)
- Power adapter: 110-220 V input, 5V output, EU style (with optional UK or US sockets)
- Power consumption: 1.5W and 5W depending on load (0.3A to 1A current)
Box: Custom metallic box with FreedomBox decal
Further information:
The kits run entirely on Free Software. They work with Kernel and u-boot from Debian repositories. Even the boot firmware in ROM called BROM is free software (GPLV2+).
3.5. Storage Add-on
You can order a storage add-on along with the Pioneer Edition FreedomBox Home Server. The storage add-on is a SATA disk drive enclosure case optionally with a hard disk or solid-state drive of size 128GB to 2000GB. If you have already purchased the Home Server without the add-on, you can order the add-on separately.
- Price: 9 EUR (without the hard disk, only for the case, you need to add your own HDD/SSD to it)
- Price: 42 EUR (with 128GB Solid-State Drive)
- Price: 69 EUR (with 512GB Solid-State Drive)
- Price: 42 EUR (with 320GB Hard Disk)
- Price: 53 EUR (with 500GB Hard Disk)
- Price: 64 EUR (with 1000GB Hard Disk)
- Price: 86 EUR (with 2000GB Hard Disk)
3.6. Download
The kits come with an SD card pre-loaded with FreedomBox. There's NO need to download images.
However, if you wish to reset your devices to a pristine state, then you can do so with the image provided. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot the device. Make sure to download the Pioneer Edition images. These SD card images are meant for use with the on-board SD card slot and won't work when used with a separate SD card reader connected via USB.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the device and then install FreedomBox on it.
3.7. Build Image
FreedomBox images for this hardware can be built using Freedom Maker.
3.8. Known Issues
The image that shipped with the kits uses a slightly modified u-boot from Debian and not stock Debian like the rest of FreedomBox. So, if you wish to get the source code, please use the FreedomBox team's u-boot repository.
3.9. Obtaining Source Code
After you purchase and receive your Pioneer Edition FreedomBox, you may want to obtain the source code of the software running in it. Continue reading this section for instructions.
FreedomBox is fully free software and you can obtain the source code to study, modify and distribute improvements.
3.9.1. From within FreedomBox
FreedomBox is made up of several software programs and you can obtain the source code to any of them. These instructions are similar to obtaining and building source code for Debian since FreedomBox is a pure blend of Debian. Using this process you can obtain the source code to the exact version of the package you are currently using in FreedomBox.
To see the list of software packages installed on your FreedomBox, run the following in a terminal:
dpkg -l
- To obtain the source code for any of those programs, then run:
apt source <package_name>
This requires that the file /etc/apt/sources.list file contains the information about the source code repositories. These are present by default on all FreedomBox images. If you have installed FreedomBox using a package from Debian, you need to ensure that source repositories are added in the file.
- To build the package from source code, first install its dependencies
apt build-dep <package_name>
Switch to the source directory created by the apt source command:
cd <source_directory>
Then build the packagedpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc
- Install the package:
dpkg -i ../<built_package>.deb
3.9.2. Other Ways to Obtain Source Code
Source code for any of the packages can be browsed and searched using the web interface at sources.debian.org. For example, see the plinth package.
Source code and pre-built binary package for any version of a package including historic versions can be obtained from snapshot.debian.org. For example, see the plinth package.
You can also obtain the links to upstream project homepage, upstream version control, Debian's version control, changelog, etc. from the Debian tracker page for a project at tracker.debian.org. For example, see the tracker page for plinth package.
- You can build and install a package from its Debian's version control repository. For example,
git clone https://salsa.debian.org/freedombox-team/freedombox.git cd freedombox apt build-dep . dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc dpkg -i ../freedombox*.deb
3.9.3. Building Disk Images
You can also build FreedomBox disk images for various hardware platforms using the freedom-maker tool. This is also available as a Debian package and source code for it may be obtained using the above methods. Build instructions for creating disk images are available as part of the source code for freedom-maker package.
FreedomBox disk images are built and uploaded to official servers using automated Continuous Integration infrastructure. This infrastructure is available as source code too and provides accurate information on how FreedomBox images are built.
3.9.4. U-boot on Pioneer Edition Images
There is one minor exception to the u-boot package present on the hardware sold as FreedomBox Home Server Kits Pioneer Edition. It contains an small but important fix that is not part of Debian sources. The fork of the Debian u-boot source repository along with the minor change done by the FreedomBox is available as a separate repository. We expect this change to be available in upstream u-boot eventually and this repository will not be needed. This package can be built on a Debian armhf machine as follows (cross compiling is also possible, simply follow instructions for cross compiling Debian packages):
apt install git git-buildpackage git clone https://salsa.debian.org/freedombox-team/u-boot.git cd u-boot pbuilder create --distribution=buster gbp buildpackage --git-pbuilder
The u-boot Debian package will be available in u-boot-sunxi*.deb. This package will contain
mkdir temp dpkg -x u-boot-suxi*.deb temp unxz <lime2_image_built_with_freedom_maker> dd if=temp/usr/lib/u-boot/A20-OLinuXino-Lime2/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=<lime2.img> seek=8 bs=1k conv=notrunc
The resulting image will have the modified u-boot in it.
4. A20 OLinuXino Lime2
Olimex's A20 OLinuXino Lime2 is a fully Open Source Hardware (OSHW) single board computer. This means that the designer is actively helping people using the platform for their own designs, and supports them in adding hardware functionality and production advice. This is a part of freedom that is often overlooked, but very much aligned with the FreedomBox goals. It uses the Allwinner A20 Dual Core ARM processor.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
4.1. Similar Hardware
The following similar hardware will also work well with FreedomBox.
Olimex's A20 OLinuXino Lime2 4GB. This hardware merely has extra 4GB NAND storage that is not used by FreedomBox.
4.2. Download
FreedomBox SD card images are available for this device. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot the device. These SD card images are meant for use with the on-board SD card slot and won't work when used with a separate SD card reader connected via USB.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the device and then install FreedomBox on it.
4.3. Availability
- Price: 45 EUR (A20 OLinuXino Lime2)
- Price: 55 EUR (A20 OLinuXino Lime2 4GB)
4.4. Hardware
Open Source Hardware (OSHW): Yes
- CPU: Allwinner A20, ARM Cortex-A7 @ 1GHz dual-core
- RAM: 1 GiB DDR3
- Storage: 4 GB NAND flash built-in (only on 4GB model), 1x microSD slot
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100/1000, RJ45
WiFi: None, use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: 1x port
4.5. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Not available
Boot Firmware: BROM (GPLV2+)
4.6. Known Issues
Revision C hardware has poor performance when receiving Ethernet data in Gigabit mode. To workaround the problem, you can switch to 100 Mbps mode instead of Gigabit mode. Login to your FreedomBox as root (or plugin the SD card into another computer) and create the file /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/20-fix-ethernet-problem with the following contents:
set -e # Exit with code on error IFACE="$1" ACTION="$2" if [[ "$IFACE" != "eth0" ]]; then exit 0 fi case ${ACTION} in up) logger "Setting up $IFACE in 100Mbps mode" mii-tool eth0 -A 100BaseTx-FD ;; *) ;; esac
Revision G2 hardware has poor performance when transmitting Ethernet data in Gigabit mode. Download and use the Pioneer Edition image to fix the issue. It contains a slightly modified u-boot. The above workaround to put the Ethernet into 100 Mbps mode also fixes this issue.
Revision K hardware is not working properly.
5. A20 OLinuXino MICRO
Olimex's A20 OLinuXino MICRO is a fully Open Source Hardware (OSHW) single board computer. This means that the designer is actively helping people using the platform for their own designs, and supports them in adding hardware functionality and production advice. This is a part of freedom that is often overlooked, but very much aligned with the FreedomBox goals. It uses the Allwinner A20 Dual Core ARM processor.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
5.1. Similar Hardware
The following similar hardware will also work well with FreedomBox.
Olimex's A20 OLinuXino MICRO 4GB. This hardware merely has extra 4GB NAND storage that is not used by FreedomBox.
5.2. Download
FreedomBox MicroSD card images are available for this device. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox MicroSD card and boot the device. These MicroSD card images are meant for use with the on-board MicroSD card slot and won't work on the SD card slot or when using a separate MicroSD card reader connected via USB.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the device and then install FreedomBox on it.
5.3. Availability
- Price: 50 EUR (A20 OLinuXino MICRO)
- Price: 63 EUR (A20 OLinuXino MICRO 4GB)
5.4. Hardware
Open Source Hardware (OSHW): Yes
- CPU: Allwinner A20, ARM Cortex-A7 @ 1GHz dual-core
- RAM: 1 GiB DDR3
- Storage: 4 GB NAND flash built-in (only on 4GB model), 1x microSD slot
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100, RJ45
WiFi: None, use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: 1x port
5.5. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Not available
Boot Firmware: BROM (GPLV2+)
5.6. Known Issues
- Not visible on local network
When booting the 'stable' image (made on 2017-06-18) the board does not automatically get an IP address from the router's DHCP server over ethernet. Booting the 'testing' image (2018-06) the board does get an IP address. Tested on MICRO hardware revision J. see also: https://www.olimex.com/forum/index.php?topic=5839.msg24167#msg24167
6. APU
PC Engines APU 1D is a single board computer with 3 Gigabit ethernet ports, a powerful AMD APU and Coreboot firmware. FreedomBox images built for AMD64 machines are tested to work well for it.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
6.1. Similar Hardware
Although untested, the following similar hardware is also likely to work well with FreedomBox.
- Using amd64 image:
- Using i386 image:
6.2. Download
FreedomBox disk images for this hardware are available. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card, USB disk, SSD or hard drive and boot into FreedomBox. Pick the image meant for all amd64 machines.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the APU and then install FreedomBox on it.
6.3. Networking
The first network port, the left most one in the above picture, is configured by FreedomBox to be an upstream Internet link and the remaining 2 ports are configured for local computers to connect to.
6.4. Availability
- Price: 110 - 170 USD (depending on the board and supplier)
6.5. Hardware
- Open Hardware: No
CPU: AMD G series T40E
- RAM: 2 GB DDR3-1066 DRAM
- Storage: SD card, External USB
- Architecture: amd64
- Ethernet: 3 Gigabit Ethernet ports
WiFi: None, use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: 1 m-SATA and 1 SATA
6.6. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Not available
Boot firmware: Coreboot
7. Cubietruck
7.1. FreedomBox Danube Edition
FreedomBox Danube Edition is a custom casing around Cubietruck and an SSD-hard drive.
7.2. Cubietruck / Cubieboard3
Cubietruck (Cubieboard3) is a single board computer with very good performance compared to many other boards. FreedomBox images are built for this device.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
7.3. Download
FreedomBox SD card images are provided for this hardware. These SD card images are meant for use with the on-board SD card slot and do not work when used with a separate SD card reader connected via USB.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the Cubietruck and then install FreedomBox on it.
7.4. Availability
Cubietruck / Cubieboard3
- Price: 89 USD
7.5. Hardware
- Open Hardware: No
- CPU: Allwinner A20, ARM Cortex-A7 @ 1GHz dual-core
- RAM: 2 GiB DDR3 @ 480 MHz
- Storage: 8 GB NAND flash built-in, 1x microSD slot
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100/1000, RJ45
WiFi: Broadcom BCM4329/BCM40181 (no free WiFi drivers + firmware available)
- SATA: 1x 2.0 port
7.6. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: ?
WiFi: no free WiFi drivers + firmware available
7.7. Known Issues
The on-board WiFi does not work with free software. A separate USB WiFi device is recommended.
8. Cubieboard 2
The Cubieboard 2 is a single board computer based on the Allwinner A20 processor. It doesn't require any non-free firmware to run FreedomBox, and Wifi capability can be added via a USB adaptor if needed. This board is available in two versions, one with on-board flash and a microSD slot, and a version with two microSD card slots.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
8.1. Download
FreedomBox SD card images are available for this device. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot the device.
8.2. Availability
8.3. Hardware
- CPU: ARM Cortex A7 Dual-Core
- RAM: 1GB DDR3 @960M
- Storage: 4GB internal NAND flash, up to 64GB on uSD slot
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100, RJ45
WiFi: None, use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: Yes
8.4. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Not available
9. Beagle Bone Black
Beagle Bone Black (Revision C.1) is an Open Source Hardware (OSHW) single board computer. This means that the designer is actively helping people using the platform for their own designs, and supports them in adding hardware functionality and production advice. This is a part of freedom that is often overlooked, but very much aligned with the FreedomBox goals. FreedomBox images are built and tested for this device.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
9.1. Download
FreedomBox SD card images are available for this device. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot the device.
Note: This image is for BeagleBone Black (Revision C.1) only. It will not work on the BeagleBone Green, and also not on the Revisions A&B. If you have such a device and would like to help getting FreedomBox to run on it, contact us!
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the BeagleBone and then install FreedomBox on it.
9.2. Availability
- Price: ~ 59 USD (50 EUR)
9.3. Hardware
Open Source Hardware (OSHW): Yes
- RAM: 512MB DDR3L 800 Mhz
- Storage: Onboard 4GB, 8bit Embedded MMC and microSD
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100, RJ45
WiFi: None, use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: None
9.4. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Not available
10. pcDuino3
LinkSprite pcDuino3S is a single board computer running on Allwinner A20 and sold with a good case. FreedomBox images are built and tested for this device.
Note: The FreedomBox logo is simply a sticker on top of device brought from store.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
10.1. Similar Hardware
Although untested, the following similar hardware is also likely to work well with FreedomBox.
https://www.linksprite.com/linksprite-pcduino3/ also covers pcDuino3B
10.2. Download
FreedomBox disk images for this hardware are available. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card, USB disk, SSD or hard drive and boot into FreedomBox. Pick the image meant for pcduino3.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the APU and then install FreedomBox on it.
10.3. Availability
- Price: 89 USD
10.4. Hardware
- Open Hardware: No
CPU: AllWinner A20 SoC, 1GHz ARM Cortex A7 Dual Core
- RAM: 1 GB
- Storage: SD card, 4 GB onboard flash
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100 Mbps
WiFi: Built-in WiFi requires non-free firmware, use a USB WiFi device instead
- SATA: 1 SATA host socket
10.5. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Requires non-free firmware
Boot Firmware: BROM (GPLV2+)
Include: Nothing found for "## BEGIN_INCLUDE"!
Übersetzungen: Deutsch - English - Español
11. Debian
FreedomBox ist ein "pure blend" von Debian. Dies bedeutet dass alles von FreedomBox in den Debian Paketen zur Verfügung steht. Es bedeutet auch, dass jedes Gerät das mit Debian läuft in eine FreedomBox umgewandelt werden kann.
Diese Seite beschreibt den Prozess wie man FreedomBox auf einem Debian-System installiert. Aktuell arbeitet FreedomBox auf Debian Testing (Stretch) und Unstable (Sid).
Setzen Sie eine frische Debian Installation ein
Die Installation der FreedomBox verändert Ihr Debian System in umfangreicher und wichtiger Weise. Dies beinhaltet die Installing einer Firewall und die Neuerstellung von Server Zertifikaten. Es ist deshalb empfohlen dass Sie FreedomBox auf einem frischen/neuen Debian System installieren anstatt auf einem existierenden Setup.
nutzen Sie "fbx" als Login-Nname
Wenn Sie eine erstes Benutzerkonto erstellen, nutzen Sie "fbx" als Login-Name. (Sobald der FreedomBox Setup abgeschlossen ist werden alle Benutzerkonten außer "fbx" durch pam_access ausgesperrt werden. Dies beeinflusst auch den sudo Zugriff.)
11.1. Auf Debian installieren
- Beachten Sie den Abschnitt zur Fehlerbehebung weiter unten; er enthält Tips und Work-arounds die bei der Installation hilfreich sein können.
Installieren Sie Debian 10 (Buster) oder Unstable (Sid) auf Ihre Hardware.
- Aktualisieren Sie Ihre Paketliste.
$ sudo apt-get update
Installieren Sie das freedombox Package.
$ sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install freedombox
Während der Installation Sie bekommen einen Geheimkode, dass man bei der Konfigurationsprozess zufügen braucht. Zeichnen Sie dies auf. Der Geheimkode kann später im Datei /var/lib/plinth/firstboot-wizard-secret gelesen werden.
Nach dem zweiten Neustart können Sie beginnen Ihre FreedomBox zu benutzen.
11.2. Fehlerbehebungen
FreedomBox unterstützt keine Netzwerkkonfiguration über /etc/network/interfaces und sie wird keine non-loopback Interfaces die dort definiert sind unterstützen. (Siehe Fehler #797614.) Zukünftige Versionen von freedombox-setup werden diese Datei automatisch leeren; für den Moment editieren Sie sie per Hand und stellen sicher dass sie nur folgendes enthält:
auto lo iface lo inet loopback
Wenn Sie den Installationsprozess bereits abgeschlossen haben ohne diesen Schritt durchzuführen, müssen Sie jetzt die Datei /etc/network/interfaces entsprechend anpassen und den Rechner neustarten. Anschließend werden die Netzwerke die durch den setup Schritt oben definiert worden sind konfiguriert werden. Netzwerk-Schnittstellen werden dann in der Firewall-Zone internal oder external stehen. Dies ist wesentlich damit das FreedomBox Web-Interface von anderen Geräten im Netzwerk erreichbar ist. Man kann die Netzwerkverbindungen über das nmtui Kommando, falls nötig, bearbeiten.
12. VirtualBox
This page will help you get started with using FreedomBox on a virtual machine using VirtualBox. While VirtualBox images are primarily used for testing and development, they can also be used for regular use if you have spare resources on one of your machines. This setup is useful if:
You don't own one of the supported hardware devices.
- You don't use Debian GNU/Linux as your operating system.
You don't want to disturb your Debian installation to try out FreedomBox.
Prebuilt FreedomBox images for VirtualBox are routinely made available in VirtualBox's own VDI image file format. They contain a Debian GNU/Linux operating system and an installation of FreedomBox with all dependencies ready to run on any OS supported by VirtualBox (Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and Solaris).
A more adventurous alternative to downloading one of these images is to install Debian on VirtualBox and then install FreedomBox on it.
VirtualBox itself is available from https://www.virtualbox.org/ (or your distribution's package manager).
12.1. Download
Follow the instructions on the download page to download and verify a VirtualBox image. The latest images are available on freedombox.org.
12.2. Creating a Virtual Machine
Decompress the downloaded VDI image (tool for Windows, Mac).
Create a new VM in the VirtualBox UI with OS type Linux and Version Debian (32/64-bit according to the downloaded image).
In the Hard disk dialog choose Use an existing virtual hard disk file and select the .vdi file you extracted in step 1.
When created, go to the virtual machine's Settings -> [Network] -> [Adapter 1]->[Attached to:] and choose the network type your want the machine to use according to the explanation in Network Configuration below. The recommended type is the Bridged adapter option, but be aware that this exposes the FreedomBox's services to your entire local network.
Note: It is important to make sure that you have provided the correct network interface in the above step. For example, if the virtual machine is running on a laptop connected to a Wi-Fi network, then the wireless interface (starts with wlp) must be chosen as shown in the screenshot.
12.3. First Boot
When satisfied with the VM settings click the start button in the VirtualBox UI and your new FreedomBox will boot.
The console of the VM will show the textual screen below when finished booting, from here most interaction with FreedomBox will be through the web interface in a browser.
If everything went well so far, you should be able to access the web interface of FreedomBox by pointing a browser on the host machine to https://freedombox.local.
In case freedombox.local cannot be resolved, you need to find out your FreedomBox's IP address as described in Finding out the IP address of the virtual machine. Then access this IP from a web browser which is on the same network as the VM (for example, the host). If all is well, you are now presented with a welcome message and invited to complete the first boot process.
This mainly consist of creating an administrative user for the system.
12.4. Using
See the FreedomBox usage page for more details.
You can log in to the Debian GNU/Linux system as the user created during FreedomBox first boot on the VirtualBox console or remotely via ssh.
After logging in, you can become root with the command sudo su.
12.5. Build Image
If you wish to build your own images instead of downloading available images, it can be done using Freedom Maker.
12.6. Tips & Troubleshooting
12.6.1. Network Configuration
VirtualBox provides many types of networking options. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. For more information about how various networking types work in VirtualBox, see VirtualBox's networking documentation. https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch06.html
For a simple setup, it is recommended that you use a single network interface in your guest machine. This will make the first boot script automatically configure that interface as an internal network with automatic network configuration. Inside the guest machine, the networking is configured automatically and all the services are made available on this network interface. For more information on how networks are configured by default in FreedomBox, see Networks section.
What remains is to make those services available to the host machine or to other machines in the network. You must then choose one of the following types of networking for the network interface on your guest machine. To set a particular type of network for the guest's network adapter, go to the guest VM's settings then the network options and then select the adapter you wish to configure. There, set the network type from the available list of networks.
First and the recommended option is to use the Bridged type of network. This option exposes the guest machine to the same network that host network is connected to. The guest obtains network configuration information from a router or DHCP server on the network. The guest will appear as just another machine in the network. A major advantage of this of setup is that the host and all other machines in the network will be able to access the services provided by guest without requiring any further setup. The only drawback of this approach is that if the host is not connected to any network, the guest's network will remain unconfigured making it inaccessible even from the host.
Second method is Host only type of networking. With a guest's network interface configured in this manner, it will only be accessible from the host machine. The guest will not able access any other machine but the host, so you do not have internet access on the guest. All services on the guest are available to the host machine without any configuration such as port forwarding.
The third option is to use the NAT type of network. This the networking type that VirtualBox assigns to a freshly created virtual machine. This option works even when host is not connected to any network. The guest is automatically configured and is able to access the internet and local networks that host is able to connect to. However, the services provided by the guest require port forwarding configuration setup to be available outside.
To configure this go to VM settings -> [Network] -> [Adapter] -> [Port Forwarding]. Map a port such as 2222 from host to guest port 22 and you will be able to ssh into FreedomBox from host machine as follows:
ssh -p 2222 fbx@localhost
Map 4443 on host to 443 on the guest. This make FreedomBox HTTPS service available on host using the URL https://localhost:4443/ You will need to add a mapping for each such services from host to guest.
The final option is to create two network interfaces, one host only and one NAT type. This way you can access the guest without any additional configuration, and you have internet access on the guest. The guest will be invisible to any other machines on the network.
Summary of various network types:
- |
Guest accessible from other machines |
Guest accessible from host |
Works without port forwarding |
Works without host connected to network |
Guest has internet access |
Bridged |
|
|
|
|
|
Host only |
|
|
|
|
|
NAT |
|
|
|
|
|
NAT and Host |
|
|
|
|
|
12.6.2. Finding out the IP address of the virtual machine
This depends on the network configuration you chose. With a bridged adapter, your virtual machine gets its IP address from the DHCP server of your network, most likely of your Router. You can try the first couple of IP addresses or check your router web interface for a list of connected devices.
If you chose host-only adapter, the IP address is assigned by the DHCP server of your VirtualBox network. In the VirtualBox Manager, go to File -> Preferences -> Network -> Host-only Networks. You can see and edit the DHCP address range there, typically you get assigned addresses close to the Lower Address Bound.
Another possibility of finding the IP address is to login via the VirtualBox Manager (or similar software). The FreedomBox images do not have any default user accounts, so you need to set an initial user and password using the passwd-in-image script.
See also QuickStart for instructions on how to scan your network to discover the IP of the VM.
12.6.3. Networking Problems with macchanger
The package macchanger can cause network problems with VirtualBox. If you have a valid IP address on your guest's host network adapter (like 192.168.56.101) but are not able to ping or access the host (like 192.168.56.1), try uninstalling macchanger:
$ dpkg --ignore-depends=freedombox-setup --remove macchanger
You might have to manually remove the script /etc/network/if-prep-up/macchanger. If Debian complains about unmet dependencies when you use a package manager (apt-get, aptitude, dpkg), try to remove 'macchanger' from the dependencies of 'freedombox-setup' in the file /var/lib/dpkg/status.
12.6.4. Mounting Images Locally
If you want to mount images locally, use the following to copy built images off the VirtualBox:
$ mkdir /tmp/vbox-img1 /tmp/vbox-root1 $ vdfuse -f freedombox-unstable_2013.0519_virtualbox-i386-hdd.vdi /tmp/vbox-img1/ $ sudo mount -o loop /tmp/vbox-img1/Partition1 /tmp/vbox-root1 $ cp /tmp/vbox-root1/home/fbx/freedom-maker/build/freedom*vdi ~/ $ sudo umount /tmp/vbox-root1 # $ sudo umount /tmp/vbox-img1 # corruption here.
12.6.5. Fixing the time after suspend and resume
The virtual machine loses the correct time/date after suspending and resuming. One way to fix this is to create a cron-job that restarts the time service ntp. You can add a crontab entry as root to restart ntp every 15 minutes by typing 'crontab -e' and adding this line:
*/15 * * * * /etc/init.d/ntp restart
Do not restart this service too often as this increases the load of publicly and freely available NTP servers.
12.6.6. UUID collision in VB
Whenever this happens VirtualBox shows following error message: Cannot register the hard disk A with UUID ... because a hard disk B with UUID ... already exists in the media registry
Creating several VMs from the same image causes collisions due to ID's (hostname, IP, UUID, etc) that are expected to be universally unique. Most can be handeled operating the running VM. But VirtualBox complains before that (at the very creation of the VM) about the hard disk's UUID. This is usual stuff when you develop/test e.g. FreedomBox.
You can change a clone's UUID in the terminal as follows:
$ VBoxManage internalcommands sethduuid path/to/the/hd/vdi/file
13. Pine A64+
Pine A64+ is an affordable single board computer with good performance.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
13.1. Similar Hardware
Both 1GB and 2GB versions of Pine A64+ are supported with the same FreedomBox image.
- Pine A64-LTS is not supported yet.
13.2. Download
FreedomBox SD card images for this hardware are available. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot into FreedomBox. Pick the image meant for Pine A64+.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the device and then install FreedomBox on it.
13.3. Availability
- Price: 29 USD (for the 2 GB variant), 21 USD (for the 1 GB variant)
13.4. Hardware
- Open Source Hardware (OSHW): No
- CPU: Allwinner A64, Quad-core ARM Cortex A53 64-bit processor
- RAM: 3 variants - 512 MB (not recommended), 1 GB and 2 GB (recommended)
Storage: SD card, eMMC (module sold separately but not tested with FreedomBox)
- Architecture: arm64
- Ethernet: Gigabit Ethernet port
- Battery: Supports battery backup using a Li-Po battery
WiFi: None, use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: None
13.5. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Not available
14. Banana Pro
LeMaker Banana Pro is an updated version of its predecessor Banana Pi.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
14.1. Download
FreedomBox SD card images for this hardware are available. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot into FreedomBox. Pick the image meant for Banana Pro.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the device and then install FreedomBox on it.
14.2. Hardware
- Open Source Hardware (OSHW): No
- CPU: Allwinner A20, Dual-core ARM Cortex A7 processor
- RAM: 3 variants - 1 GB
- Storage: SD card
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100/1000 Mbps
- Battery: No
WiFi: WiFi 802.11 b/g/n 2.4GHz (not tested with FreedomBox)
- SATA: SATA 2.0 (2.5 inch SSD or HDD recommended)
14.3. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Unknown
15. Orange Pi Zero
Orange Pi Zero is a single board computer available at very low price. It uses the Allwinner H2 SoC, and has 256MB/512MB DDR3 SDRAM. It doesn't require any non-free firmware to run FreedomBox. However, the onboard Wi-Fi module needs proprietary firmware to work. The board is available in two versions: with 256MB RAM and 512MB RAM. The version with 512 MB RAM is recommended for FreedomBox. Even then, FreedomBox is expected to gracefully run only a small number of services.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
15.1. Download
FreedomBox SD card images are available for this device. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot the device.
15.2. Availability
15.3. Hardware
- CPU: ARM Cortex-A7 Quad-Core (Allwinner H2)
- RAM: 256MB/512MB DDR3 SDRAM
- Storage: Up to 32GB on uSD slot, 2MB SPI Flash
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100, RJ45
WiFi: Onboard 802.11 b/g/n, use a USB WiFi device
15.4. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No (without Wi-Fi)
- Wi-Fi: no free Wi-Fi drivers + firmware available
16. RockPro64
Pine64's RockPro64 is a powerful single board computer. It uses the Rockchip RK3399 Hexa Core ARM64 processor. FreedomBox images are built and tested for this device.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
16.1. Download
Before downloading and using FreedomBox you need to ensure that latest u-boot based firmware is installed into the SPI flash chip. See instructions on how to write u-boot firmware into SPI flash. The gist is that you download and write an image to an SD card. Boot with SD card and wait for white LED blinking to stop. After that power off, remove the SD card and proceed with FreedomBox download.
FreedomBox images meant for all "arm64" hardware work well for this device. However, u-boot firmware must present in SPI flash (or on a separate SD card, which is not explained here). Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot the device. These images also work well for USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 disk drives and the process for preparing them is same as for an SD card.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the device and then install FreedomBox on it.
16.2. Availability
Price: 60 USD (RockPro64 2GB)
Price: 80 USD (RockPro64 4GB)
16.3. Hardware
- Open Source Hardware (OSHW): No
CPU: Rockchip RK3399 SOC (2x Cortex A72@1.8Ghz, 4x Cortex A53@1.4Ghz)
- GPU: Mali T860 MP4 GPU
- RAM: 2 GiB or 4 GiB LPDDR4
- Storage: eMMC module slot, microSD slot, 16 MiB SPI Flash
- USB: 2x USB 2.0, 1x USB 3.0, 1x USB-C
- Expansion slot: 1x PCIe 4x slot (NVMe disks, etc.)
- Architecture: arm64
- Ethernet: 10/100/1000, RJ45
WiFi: None, use a USB WiFi device
16.4. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Not available
16.5. Known Issues
FreedomBox does not work when booted from eMMC module (but works from SD card, USB 2.0 disk or USB 3.0 disk). FreedomBox on NMVe disk has not been tested.
17. Rock64
Pine64's Rock64 is a powerful single board computer. It uses the Rockchip RK3328 Quad Core ARM64 processor. FreedomBox images are built and tested for this device.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
17.1. Download
Before downloading and using FreedomBox you need to ensure that latest u-boot based firmware is installed into the SPI flash chip. Download the latest u-boot to write to SPI flash and then see instructions on how to write u-boot firmware into SPI flash. The gist is that you download and write an image to an SD card. Boot with SD card and wait for white LED to blink continuously. After that power off remove SD card and proceed with FreedomBox download.
FreedomBox images meant for all "arm64" hardware work well for this device. However, u-boot firmware must present in SPI flash (or on a separate SD card, which is not explained here). Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot the device. These images also work well for eMMC disk which an optional attachment to this board and disk drives in USB 2.0 ports (but not in the USB 3.0 port). The process for preparing them is same as for an SD card.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the device and then install FreedomBox on it.
17.2. Availability
- Price: 25 USD (1GB)
- Price: 35 USD (2GB)
- Price: 45 USD (4GB)
17.3. Hardware
- Open Source Hardware (OSHW): No
- CPU: Rockchip RK3328 Quad-Core SOC (4x Cortex A53 @ 1.5Ghz)
- GPU: Mali 450MP2
- RAM: 1 GiB or 2 GiB or 4 GiB LPDDR3
- Storage: eMMC module slot, microSD slot, 16 MiB SPI Flash
- USB: 2x USB 2.0, 1x USB 3.0
- Architecture: arm64
- Ethernet: 10/100/1000, RJ45
WiFi: None, use a USB WiFi device
17.4. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: No
WiFi: Not available
17.5. Known Issues
FreedomBox does not work when booted from USB 3.0 port (but works from eMMC, SD card or USB 2.0 disk).
FreedomBox does not work when booted form the top USB 2.0 port with some u-boot firmware versions (the one listed above). It only works with the bottom USB 2.0 port (the one closer to the board).
18. Raspberry Pi 2 Model B
Raspberry Pi 2 (Model B ) is a popular single board computer developed with the intention of promoting teaching of basic computer science in schools. It is a successor to Raspberry Pi Model B+ with much faster processor and more RAM. FreedomBox images are built and tested for it.
Please do not expect any output on a monitor connected via HDMI to this device as it does not display anything beyond the message 'Starting kernel...'. See the Quick Start page to access and control your FreedomBox from network.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
18.1. Download
FreedomBox SD card images for this hardware are available. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot into FreedomBox.
18.2. Availability
- Price: 35 USD
18.3. Hardware
- Open Hardware: No
- CPU: 900 MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7
- RAM: 1 GB
- Storage: MicroSD card slot
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100, RJ45
WiFi: None, use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: None
18.4. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: boot firmware
WiFi: Not available
19. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is a popular single board computer developed with the intention of promoting teaching of basic computer science in schools. It is a successor to Raspberry Pi 2 Model B with a 64-bit processor and on-board Wi-Fi. FreedomBox "stable" and "testing" images are available for Raspberry Pi 3 Model B.
Please do not expect any output on a monitor connected via HDMI to this device as it does not display anything beyond the message 'Starting kernel...'. See the Quick Start page to access and control your FreedomBox from network.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
19.1. Download
FreedomBox SD card images for this hardware are available. Download the "stable" or "testing" image for Raspberry Pi 3 Model B. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot into FreedomBox.
19.2. Availability
- Price: 35 USD
19.3. Hardware
- Open Hardware: No
- CPU: 1.2GHz 64-bit quad-core ARMv8 CPU
- RAM: 1 GB
- Storage: MicroSD card slot
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100, RJ45
WiFi: 802.11n but requires non-free firmware, instead use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: None
19.4. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: boot firmware
WiFi: Requires non-free firmware
20. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ is a popular single board computer developed with the intention of promoting teaching of basic computer science in schools. It is a successor to Raspberry Pi 3 Model B with better Ethernet and a 5Ghz Wi-Fi. FreedomBox "stable" and "testing" images are available for Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+.
Please do not expect any output on a monitor connected via HDMI to this device as it does not display anything beyond the message 'Starting kernel...'. See the Quick Start page to access and control your FreedomBox from network.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
20.1. Download
FreedomBox SD card images for this hardware are available. Download the "stable" or "testing" image for Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox SD card and boot into FreedomBox.
20.2. Availability
- Price: 35 USD
20.3. Hardware
- Open Hardware: No
- CPU: 1.4GHz 64-bit quad-core ARMv8 CPU
- RAM: 1 GB
- Storage: MicroSD card slot
- Architecture: armhf
- Ethernet: 10/100/1000, RJ45
WiFi: 802.11ac but requires non-free firmware, instead use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: None
20.4. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: boot firmware
WiFi: Requires non-free firmware
21. Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is a popular single board computer developed with the intention of promoting teaching of basic computer science in schools. It is a successor to Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ with better processor and ability to drive multiple displays. A FreedomBox "testing" image is available for Raspberry Pi 4 Model B.
Please do not expect any output on a monitor connected via HDMI to this device as it does not display anything beyond the message 'Starting kernel...'. See the Quick Start page to access and control your FreedomBox from network.
Important: Read general advice about hardware before building a FreedomBox with this single board computer.
21.1. Download
Before downloading and using FreedomBox you need to ensure that latest Raspberry Pi 4 UEFI Firmware is available on an SD card. See instructions on how to create an SD card with this firmware. The gist is that you...
- download the firmware zip files,
- erase the SD card,
- create a FAT partition,
- unzip the files to SD card and finally
- insert the SD card into the board.
FreedomBox images meant for all "arm64" hardware work well for this device. Currently only "testing" images work and not "stable" images. However, the firmware must be present in an SD card. This means that FreedomBox itself must be present on a different disk such as a USB flash disk or USB SATA disk. Follow the instructions on the download page to create a FreedomBox USB disk and boot the device. These images also work well for USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 disk drives and the process for preparing them is same as for an SD card.
An alternative to downloading these images is to install Debian on the device and then install FreedomBox on it.
21.2. Build Image
FreedomBox images for this hardware can be built using Freedom Maker. Use the target 'arm64' with distribution 'testing' to build the image for this board.
21.3. Availability
- Price: 35 USD (2GB RAM)
- Price: 50 USD (4GB RAM)
- Price: 75 USD (8GB RAM)
21.4. Hardware
- Open Hardware: No
CPU: Broadcom BCM2711 SOC (4x Cortex-A72@1.5GHz)
- RAM: 2 GB or 4GB or 8 GB
- Storage: MicroSD card slot
- USB: 2x USB 2.0, 2x USB 3.0, USB Type-C power supply
- Architecture: arm64
- Ethernet: 10/100/1000, RJ45
WiFi: 802.11ac but requires non-free firmware, instead use a USB WiFi device
- SATA: None
21.5. Non-Free Status
- Non-free blobs required: boot firmware
WiFi: Requires non-free firmware
22. USB Wi-Fi
FreedomBox works on many single board computers. However, many of these boards do not have built-in Wi-Fi capabilities. Even when Wi-Fi capability is available, non-free proprietary firmware is required to make them work.
A solution to the problem is to plug-in a USB Wi-Fi device into one of the available USB ports. There are many such devices available which do not require non-free firmware to work. The following is a list of such devices that work with FreedomBox devices. Some devices based on these chips have tested to work well with FreedomBox including functions such as access point mode.
22.1. Firmware Installation
The free firmware for these devices is not packaged in Debian yet. You can manually download and install the firmware as follows:
sudo su [enter password] cd /lib/firmware wget https://www.thinkpenguin.com/files/ath9k-htc/version-1.4-beta/htc_9271.fw wget https://www.thinkpenguin.com/files/ath9k_firmware_free-version/htc_7010.fw
22.2. Resources
Release Notes
The following are the release notes for each FreedomBox version.
1. FreedomBox 21.4.2 (2021-03-28)
1.1. Highlights
- firstboot: Use session to verify first boot welcome step
1.2. Other Changes
- locale: Update translations for German, Greek, Indonesian, Turkish
- manual: Update Contributing and Matrix Synapse pages
2. FreedomBox 21.4.1 (2021-03-13)
2.1. Highlights
- deluge, mldonkey, syncthing, transmission: Ensure nslcd is running before the service is started
- deluge: Fix daemon user not in freedombox-share group after installation
2.2. Other Changes
- config: Fix tests related to user home directory
- locale: Update translations for Dutch, German, Greek, Polish, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish
3. FreedomBox 21.4 (2021-02-28)
3.1. Highlights
- matrix-synapse: Auto configure STUN/TURN using coturn server
3.2. Other Changes
- coturn: Add new component for usage of coturn by other apps
- coturn: Minor refactor view to use utility to generate URIs
- coturn: Remove advanced flag, make app visible to all
- locale: Update translations for Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Lithuanian, Norwegian Bokmål, Swedish, Turkish
- matrix-synapse: Update description to talk about TURN configuration
- plinth: Disable start rate limiting for service
- ui: Fix buttons jumping on click in snapshots page
- upgrades: Disable searx during dist-upgrade
4. FreedomBox 21.3 (2021-02-11)
4.1. Highlights
- zoph: Add new app to organize photos
- Only available in Debian testing (bullseye) due to issues in buster.
4.2. Other Changes
- locale: Update translations for Dutch, Greek, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish
- sharing: Improve shares group access description
- upgrades: Add 10 minute delay before apt update
- upgrades: Disable apt snapshots during dist upgrade
- upgrades: Only check free space bytes before dist upgrade
5. FreedomBox 21.2 (2021-02-05)
5.1. Highlights
- calibre: Fix freedombox.local inaccessible after enabling app
- matrix-synapse: Install python3-psycopg2 from backports
5.2. Other Changes
- backups: schedule: tests: Fix failures due to long test run
jsxc: Fix issues with jQuery >= 3.5.0
- locale: Update translations for Bengali, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish
- mediawiki: Fix app installation process doesn't display status information
- mediawiki: Set default logo to mediawiki.png
- minidlna: Implement force upgrading from older version
- minidlna: Minor refactor of media directory handling
- plinth: Show running spinner when app installation is in progress
- radicale: Allow older 2.x release to upgrade to 3.x
- roundcube: Allow upgrade to 1.4.*
- tests: Update functional tests default config
- upgrades: Add notifications for dist upgrade
upgrades: Increment version for MatrixSynapse 1.26
6. FreedomBox 21.1 (2021-01-25)
6.1. Highlights
- backups: Add scheduled backups for each location
6.2. Other Changes
- container script: Various improvements
- locale: Update translations for Bulgarian, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Czech, Danish, Dutch, French, Galician, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Lithuanian, Norwegian Bokmål, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian
- networks: Change connection type to a radio button
- networks: Hide deactivate/remove buttons for primary connections
- networks: Prevent unintended changes to primary connection.
- networks: Separate the delete button and color it differently
- networks: Use radio buttons for network modes
- performance: Fix web client link to Cockpit
- plinth: Fix disable daemon when service alias is provided
- setup: Enable essential apps that use firewall
- syncthing: Create LDAP group name different from system group
- syncthing: Hide unnecessary security warning
- tahoe: Disable app
- ui: New style for select all checkbox
- upgrades: Require at least 5 GB free space for dist upgrade
7. FreedomBox 21.0 (2021-01-11)
7.1. Highlights
- apache2: Allow downloads in openvpn and backups with latest browsers
7.2. Other Changes
- locale: Update translations for Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Polish, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish
- app: Add locked flag
- app: component: Add app_id and app properties
- app: info: Move client validation to info component
- backups: Add new component for backup and restore
- backups: Don't open a new window for downloading backups
- dev-container: 'up' command: Show banner also when container is already running
- dev-container: Add command to print container IP address
- dev-container: Add subcommand to run tests
- doc: dev: Update the tutorial to reflect latest API/code
- ejabberd: functional tests: Wait until the jsxc buddy list is loaded
- functional tests: Make tests compatible with pytest-bdd v4.0
- functional-tests: Fix installation errors in install.sh script
- gitweb: Add functional tests for git-access group
- gitweb: tests: functional: Fix test failures in localized environment
- mumble: Updated mumla and removed plumble from clients list
- openvpn: Don't show running status on download profile button
- plinth: Fix daemon is enabled check when service alias is provided
- radicale: Fix backup and restore of configuration
- tests: functional: Improve creating users in tests
- transmission: Show port forwarding information
- transmission: Update description
- upgrades: Add service for dist upgrade
- upgrades: Ensure freedombox package is upgraded during dist upgrade
- upgrades: Hold tt-rss during dist upgrade, if available
- upgrades: Install python3-systemd for unattended-upgrades
upgrades: Restart FreedomBox service at end of dist-upgrade
- upgrades: Use full path to searx action script
- users: Skip action script tests if LDAP is not set up
8. FreedomBox 20.21 (2020-12-28)
8.1. Highlights
- apache: Create snake oil certificate if not exists
Fixes an issue when installing FreedomBox on Hetzner Cloud's Debian image
- calibre: Fix link to manual page
8.2. Other Changes
- deluge: Require user to be in bit-torrent group to access
- locale: Update translations for German, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish
- security: Fix access denied for user daemon from cron
- upgrades: Allow grub-pc upgrade without reinstalling grub
- upgrades: Update searx search engines during dist upgrade
- users: Remove timeout when creating Samba user
9. FreedomBox 20.20.1 (2020-12-19)
9.1. Highlights
- config: Skip homepage test on buildd
- ui: Migrate from bootstrap 3 to bootstrap 4
9.2. Other Changes
- apache: Disallow all inline styling in sandbox settings
- gitweb: Make functional tests compatible with pytest-bdd v4.0
- javascript: Fix disabled submit buttons when navigating back to a page
- locale: Update translations for Dutch, German, Turkish
- ui: Adopt a consistent and new table style
10. FreedomBox 20.20 (2020-12-14)
10.1. Highlights
- config: Add user websites as choices for homepage config
- templates: Make toggle button responsive
10.2. Other Changes
- apache: Add app name for diagnostics
- diagnostics: Improve exception handling in app diagnostics
- diagnostics: Show app name and fallback to app id if not exist
- locale: Update translations for Dutch, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish
- mumble: Implement force upgrade for 1.3.*
- snapshot: Check that / is a btrfs subvolume before setup
- upgrades: Hold mumble-server during dist upgrade
11. FreedomBox 20.19 (2020-11-30)
11.1. Highlights
- openvpn: Create user group "vpn"
- upgrades: Add first boot step to run initial update
11.2. Other Changes
- bepasty: Apply translation to autogenerated comments
- locale: Update translations for Bengali, Dutch, German, Spanish
- networks: Apply translation to a tooltip
- samba: Show toggle buttons and share names
- snapshots: Translate snapshot types (field description)
- upgrades: Fix sources list for dist upgrade from buster
- upgrades: Hold freedombox package during dist upgrade
12. FreedomBox 20.18.1 (2020-11-23)
- locale: Update translations for Dutch, French, German, Italian, Norwegian Bokmål, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish
- sso: Fix regression in auth-pubtkt configuration
13. FreedomBox 20.18 (2020-11-16)
13.1. Highlights
- openvpn: Support Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
If you are already using OpenVPN, you can migrate to ECC to improve speed and security. Visit the OpenVPN page in the FreedomBox interface to perform the one-time migration, and to re-download the client profiles.
13.2. Other Changes
- dynamicdns: Handle IPv6
- locale: Update translations for Dutch, French, German, Italian, Spanish
- openvpn: Cleanup easyrsa 2 to 3 upgrade code
- openvpn: Remove explicit setup step
14. FreedomBox 20.17.1 (2020-11-07)
- ci: Fix flake8 errors
- debian: Rename source package to freedombox
- locale: Update translations for German, Italian, Turkish
- pubtkt: Fix Python format language errors
15. FreedomBox 20.17 (2020-11-02)
15.1. Highlights
- locale: Add Chinese (Traditional) translation
- mediawiki: Add action to set domain name
- upgrades: Add a setting to enable dist upgrade
15.2. Other Changes
- apache: setup uwsgi by default
- backups: i18n: Mark form success messages for translation
- locale: Update translations for Danish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian Bokmål, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Telugu, Turkish
- mediawiki: Ensure password file is not empty
- networks: css: Make button wider in network list
- networks: i18n: Mark string for translation on delete page
- networks: i18n: Mark various strings for translation
- notifications: i18n: Mark app names and extra data for translation
- package: i18n: Mark progress status strings for translation
- upgrades: Disable the option when not able to dist upgrade
16. FreedomBox 20.16 (2020-10-19)
16.1. Highlights
- app: Add donation buttons on app pages
- updates: Eliminate delay and better status for manual upgrade
16.2. Other Changes
- calibre: Update group description to reflect 'using' app
- diagnostics: Lazy format all diagnostic test strings properly
- diagnostics: Show low system memory notifications
- help: Link to updates page when new version is available
- locale: Update translations for Chinese (Simplified), French, Greek, Norwegian Bokmål, Russian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish
- notifications: Show severity level on every notification
- upgrades: Add status section showing version and upgrade status
17. FreedomBox 20.15 (2020-10-05)
17.1. Highlights
- calibre: Add new e-book library app
- mumble: configure letsencrypt component
- upgrades: Detect and upgrade to next stable release
17.2. Other Changes
- bepasty: Change default permissions to 'read'
- container: Assign virtual network interface to trusted firewall zone
- container: Handle edge cases with container update
- coturn: Don't handle certificates if not installed
- debian/control: Add sshpass as build dependency
- doc: Before fetching, drop all old to cleanup deleted pages/images
- doc: dev: Link to list of potential apps from tutorial
- dynamicdns: Drop unnecessary code to set app as enabled
- locale: Update translations for French, Norwegian Bokmål, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish
- module_loader, web_framework: Update console log messages
- mumble: Store and use a single domain for TLS certificate setup
- pagekite: Don't announce unconfigured kite as a valid domain
- pagekite: Don't update names module if not installed
- quassel: Don't handle certificates if not installed
- ssh: action script: Require user credentials when editing ssh keys
- tests: functional: Simplify calling the login helper
- tor: Don't check if enabled when not installed
- upgrades: Check free space before dist-upgrade
- upgrades: Extend function to check for normal dist availability
- upgrades: Set a flag so interrupted dist-upgrade can be continued
- users: Deal with admin user already existing during first boot
- users: Require admin credentials when creating or editing a user
18. FreedomBox 20.14.1 (2020-09-23)
- cockpit: Don't show home page icon to non-admin users
- locale: Update translations for French, German, Norwegian Bokmål, Russian, Turkish
minidlna: Fix typo DNLA -> DLNA
- module_loader: Load/process all essential modules before others
19. FreedomBox 20.14 (2020-09-15)
19.1. Highlights
- apache: Disable mod_status (CVE-2020-25073)
- bepasty: New app for file upload and sharing
- matrixsynapse: Allow upgrade to version 1.19
19.2. Other Changes
- apps: Remove Coquelicot
- backups: Make app available by default
- debian: Add newline to end of /var/lib/plinth/firstboot-wizard-secret
- debian: Don't show first wizard secret on command line
- debian: Temporarily revert source package rename
- diagnostics: Prevent showing running status on diagnostics menu item
- doc: Add moinmoin wiki parser
- doc: Fix wiki links in manual
- ejabberd, mumble, wireguard: Update Apple app links
- ejabberd: Use new ruamel.yaml API and allow duplicate keys
- firewall: Show port forwarding info contextually
- firewall: Show port forwarding info in tabular format
- gitweb: Add ability to change default branch
- gitweb: Fix enable auth webserver component on app init
- help, networks: Clarify i18n different contexts for "Manual"
- i18n: Mark strings missed for translation
- ikiwiki: Validate a path when deleting wiki or blog
- js: Don't show running status on buttons pulled to right
- jsxc, sharing, wireguard: Add 'Learn more...' link for help pages
- locale: Update translations for Danish, Dutch, Galician, German, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, Russian, Turkish
- matrixsynapse: Perform a one time conversion to new config format
- matrixsynapse: Rename Riot to Element
- matrixsynapse: Use conf.d snippets
- radicale: Remove code to handle 1.x
- radicale: Stop service during backup and restore
- samba: Hide common system partitions
- snapshots: Clarify description for disabling yearly snapshots
- ssh: Disallow managing keys for the root user
- storage: Fix expanding partitions on GPT partition tables
- upgrades, security: Update the messages describing backports
- upgrades: Add first boot step to configure backports
- upgrades: Change backports activation message wording
- upgrades: Display correct backports info for unstable
- upgrades: security: Don't use technical term 'backports' in UI
- wireguard: Remove hardcoded Windows client version
20. FreedomBox 20.13 (2020-07-18)
20.1. Highlights
- upgrades: Update apt cache before manual update
- minidlna: Do not expose statistics over public web
20.2. Other Changes
- backups: Allow remote repository usernames to start with numbers
- locale: Update translations for Chinese (Simplified), Hungarian, Kannada, Norwegian Bokmål, Spanish, Swedish
- security: Move backports notice to security page
- upgrades: Add button to activate backports if needed for current release
- debian: Rename source package from plinth to freedombox
21. FreedomBox 20.12.1 (2020-07-05)
- cfg, frontpage: Ignore errors while reading config and shortcuts
- locale: Update translations for French, German, and Norwegian Bokmål
22. FreedomBox 20.12 (2020-06-29)
22.1. Highlights
- apt: Recover from errors before installing apps or updating system
- apache: Add strict content security policy, sandbox and other security headers
- storage: Allow ejecting SATA disks
- configuration: Allow changes using .d drop-in files
22.2. Other Changes
- configuration: Move default configuration into source code
- configuration: Read from multiple locations in /etc/ and /usr/share/
- debian: Add ssl-cert and nscd as proper dependencies
- frontpage: Allow adding shotcuts using .d drop-in files
- frontpage: Read shortcuts from multiple locations in /etc/, /usr/share and /var/lib
- locale: Update translations for Czech, Danish, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Telugu, Turkish
- storage: Automount system disks without partition table but ignore all loopback devices
- storage: Allow ejecting SATA disks
- storage: Show only physical disks and not all mount points
- upgrades: Skip enabling backports on testing and unstable
- upgrades: Show more logs
- ui: Show a spinner and disable button on form submit
23. FreedomBox 20.11 (2020-06-15)
23.1. Top Highlight
- locale: Add new translation for Arabic (Saudi Arabia)
23.2. Other Changes
- javascript: Remove use of Turbolinks library
- locale: Update translations for French, Norwegian Bokmål, German, Swedish, Polish, and Spanish
- matrixsynapse: Handle upgrade to versions 1.15.x
- upgrades: Avoid manual update interruption when upgrading freedombox package
- upgrades: Don't enable backports on Debian derivatives
24. FreedomBox 20.10 (2020-06-01)
24.1. Top Highlights
- pagekite: Fix expired certificates causing connection failures
- tor: Fix problems with running a relay
24.2. Other Changes
- backups: Add optional field - Name
- cockpit: Promote for advanced storage/firewalld/networking ops
- firewall: Don't show tun interface in internal zone warning
- firewall: Mention that internal services are available over VPN
- ikiwiki: Enable 'attachment' plugin by default
- locale: Update translations for Spanish, French, Russian, Norwegian Bokmål, Czech, Hungarian, and Greek
- minidlna: Add link to manual page
- minidlna: Fix internationalization for name of the app
- mldonkey: Add app to freedombox-share group
- openvpn: Use app toggle button and common app view
- radicale: Fix link in description to clients
- samba: Add clients information
- templates: Fix setup state check
- users: Avoid error when user's groups cannot be parsed
25. FreedomBox 20.9 (2020-05-18)
25.1. Top Highlights
- performance: Add app for system monitoring
- upgrades: Restart services and system when needed after upgrades
- System restart will happen at 02:00 local time
25.2. Other Changes
bind: Add service alias for bind9 -> named
- firewall: Reload firewalld so it works with newly installed services
- first_setup: Fix regression with logo not showing
- locale: Update translations for Norwegian Bokmål, German, Swedish, Spanish, and Russian
- mediawiki: Stop jobrunner during backup/restore
- minidlna: Stop service during backup/restore
- mumble: Stop service during backup/restore
- package: Fix error log when checking if package manager is busy
- performance: Launch the Cockpit graphs directly if possible
- quassel: Fix stopping service during backup/restore
- quassel: Use systemd sandboxing features
- samba: Change description to Network File Storage
- snapshot: Fix issues with restore and delete
- snapshot: Set as essential module
- storage: Auto-mount disks, notify of failing disks
- tor: Fix stopping service during backup/restore
26. FreedomBox 20.8 (2020-05-04)
- syncthing: Add service to freedombox-share group
- users: When adding service to sharing group, only restart if already running
- datetime: Ignore time synchronization service in containers and virtual machines
- minidlna: Make app installable inside unprivileged container
- web_server: Suppress warnings that static directories don't exist
- debian: Remove unused timer
- static: Use SVG logo during first wizard welcome step
- static: Reduce the size of the background noise image
- setup.py: Don't install/ship .po files
- static: Don't ship visual design file and unused images
- all: Update links to repository and project page
- coturn: Add app to manage Coturn TURN/STUN server
- mediawiki: Partial fix for installing on testing
- datetime: Disable diagnostics when no tests are available
- data: Print hostname and IP addresses before console login
- snapshot: Fix message when not available
- snapshot: Fix title
- mumble: Add Mumla to the list of clients
- locale: Update translations for Spanish, Telugu, Russian, German, French, and Swedish
27. FreedomBox 20.7 (2020-04-20)
- matrixsynapse: Fix initial installation and upgrade from backports
- gitweb: Improve error handling when creating repository
- locale: Update translations for French, Serbian, and Telugu
28. FreedomBox 20.6.1 (2020-04-11)
- users: Restore line of help text that was accidentally dropped
- debian: Add firmware-ath9k-htc to Recommends
- gitweb: Use proper ellipsis char when showing clone progress
- locale: Update translations for Norwegian Bokmål, German, French, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, and Serbian
29. FreedomBox 20.6 (2020-04-06)
- app: Ensure toggle buttons work independently of configuration form
- networks, monkeysphere: Make styling more specific to avoid interference
- syncthing: Update description to mention 'syncthing' group
- radicale: Support upgrade up to any 2.x version
- packages: Hold freedombox package during package installs
- users: Add component for managing users and groups
- app: Fix grammar in developer documentation string
- ikiwiki: Disable public edits of blog pages
- ikiwiki: Add moderation of blog comments
- firewalld: Support upgrade up to any 0.8.x version
- infinoted: Fix permissions of sync directory
- locale: Added Serbian translation
- locale: Update translations for Russian, French, German, Czech, Italian, Hindi, Telugu, and Spanish
30. FreedomBox 20.5.1 (2020-03-26)
- networks: Update label wording in topology form
- jsxc: Fix issue with serving static files
- debian: Separate binary packages for each language manual
- locale: Update translations for Norwegian Bokmål and German
31. FreedomBox 20.5 (2020-03-23)
- app: Fix description block in app header
- pagekite: Don't signal new domain on init if app is disabled
- pagekite: Don't attempt to notify about domain if app is disabled
- pagekite: Remove app enabled checking from getting configuration
- pagekite: On enable/disable, add/remove domain from names module
- pagekite: Fix an error message in custom services form
- matrixsynapse: Handle release of matrix-synapse 1.11
- setup: Fix regression to force-upgrade caused by Info changes
- pagekite: Don't allow non-unique custom services
- index: Reintroduce clients button in front page
- upgrades: Don't ship apt backport preferences file
- upgrades: Use internal scheduler instead of systemd timer
- shadowsocks: Change default configuration
- shadowsocks: Fix incorrect setting of state directory
- shadowsocks: When editing configuration, don't re-enable
- mediawiki: Don't allow anonymous edits
- names: Fix Local Network Domain is not shown
- shadowshocks: Fix setting configuration on Buster
- locale: Update translations for Swedish, Spanish, and French
32. FreedomBox 20.4 (2020-03-09)
- apache: Handle transition to php 7.4
- app: Fix showing app name in port forwarding information
- apps: Do not show status block if service is running
- i2p: New style app page layout
- locale: Update translations for French, Telugu, Spanish, and Swedish
- networks: Add first boot step for network topology wizard
- networks: Add form for network topology
- networks: Don't show router wizard if not behind a router
- networks, firewall: Support newer version of policykit
- networks: Fixes for networks wizards access and user experience
- networks: If topology wizard is skipped, skip router wizard too
- networks: Show router wizard before Internet connection type wizard
- plinth: Increase sqlite busy timeout from default 5s to 30s
- quassel: Fix unable to disable application without choosing a domain name
- shadowsocks: Move user settings to state directory
- storage: Directory selection form improvements
- transmission: Allow to submit download directory if it is creatable
- upgrades: Clean apt cache every week
- views: Improve template security
33. FreedomBox 20.3 (2020-02-24)
- apps: Update style for toggle button
- apps: Drop border shadow for app icon in mobile view
- apps: Show short description as secondary title
- apps: Remove css filters and glow from app icons
- cards: Remove the transition delay on hover effect
- system: Implement new style for cards
- framework: Generate secret key (existing sessions will get logged out)
- framework: Cleanup expired sessions every week
- networks: Add setting for internet connection type
- networks: Ask about internet connection type during setup
- shadowsocks: Fix shadowsocks not able to start
- jsxc: Bypass issue with stronghold to get the app working again
- monkeysphere: Fix regression with reading Apache configuration
- help: Fix attribute on download manual button
- firewall: Improve speed of some operations using DBus API
- css: Add missing license identifier on some CSS files
- deluge: Use safer method for editing configuration
- deluge: More reliable initial configuration setup
- samba: Add link to manual page
- searx: Update search engines for 0.16.0
- openvpn: Fix spelling for Tunnelblick
- bind: Show served domains
- Update translations for German, Swedish, Italian, Spanish, Norwegian Bokmål, Hungarian, Polish, and French
34. FreedomBox 20.2 (2020-02-10)
- networks: Support virtual Ethernet (veth) devices
- diagnostics: Show firewall service status
storage: Show disks if FreedomBox is running in an unprivileged container
- service: Stop service not before but after disabling it
- users: Use more precise username validation
- sso, users: Turn off autocapitalization on the username field
- help: Fix anchor hidden under navbar
- searx: Fix installation issue for 0.16.0
- firewall: Show Run Diagnostics button in app
- glib: Introduce method to schedule an operation at regular intervals
- notification: Show a drop down from main navbar for notifications
- storage: Show low disk space warning using notifications API
upgrades: Show notification when FreedomBox is updated
- security: Add Sandbox Coverage to report page
- matrixsynapse: Enable systemd sandboxing
- locale: Update translations for Telugu, French, Norwegian Bokmål, German, Spanish, and Swedish
35. FreedomBox 20.1 (2020-01-27)
- deluge: Allow to set a download directory
- deluge: Fix installation failure on slow machine
- storage: Make external disk mounts accessible to other users
- gitweb: Add link to the manual page
- style: Fix incorrect margins for containers in mobile view
- style: Fix responsiveness for app header
- network: Fix activating connections that don't have real devices
wireguard: Add WireGuard VPN app
- networks: Add router configuration page
- networks: Add first boot step for router config helper
- bind: Enable sandboxing for bind service
- locale: Updated translations for Dutch, Norwegian Bokmål, German, Spanish, Swedish, French, and Greek
36. FreedomBox 20.0 (2020-01-13)
- samba: Improve speed of actions
- deluge: Manage deluged service and connect automatically from web interface
- openvpn: Enable support for communication among all clients
- storage: Ignore errors resizing partition during initial setup
- storage: Make partition resizing work with parted 3.3
- debian: Add powermgmt-base as recommended package
- openvpn: Enable IPv6 for server and client outside the tunnel
- networks: Fix crashing when accessing network manager D-Bus API
- mediawiki: Use a mobile-friendly skin by default
- mediawiki: Allow admin to set default skin
- matrixsynapse: Allow upgrade to 1.8.*
- security: Add explanation of sandboxing
- Update translations for Greek, German, Swedish, Hungarian, Norwegian Bokmål, and French
37. FreedomBox 19.24 (2019-12-30)
app: Fix JavaScript doesn't run on first visit
- samba: Add private shares
- firewall: Support upgrading firewalld to 0.8
- deluge: Add systemd sandboxing features
- infinoted: Add systemd sandboxing features
- storage: Add systemd sandboxing features to udiskie service
- upgrades: Add systemd sandboxing features to repository setup service
- security: List whether each app is sandboxed
- mediawiki: Avoid delay in update script
- diagnostics: Use new component based API for all diagnostic tests
- minidlna: Fix showing clients information
- mediawiki: Fix problem with session cache failing logins
- locale: Update translations for French, German, Swedish, Greek, Hungarian, Norwegian Bokmål, and Dutch
38. FreedomBox 19.23 (2019-12-16)
- minidlna: New app for MiniDLNA (Simple Media Server)
- apps: Show app icons in app pages
- apps: Implement responsive layout for app pages
- samba: Recursively set open share directory permissions
- transmission: Add directory selection form
mumble: Add option to set SuperUser password
- cockpit: Extend apps description with access info
- cockpit: Add list of valid urls to access the app
- Update translations for French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, and Swedish
39. FreedomBox 19.22 (2019-12-02)
- samba: Add new app for Samba file sharing
- pagekite: Remove tabs in the configuration page
- openvpn: Fix text with manual link
- pagekite: Show existing services only if there are any
- pagekite: Move Custom Services under Configuration
- pagekite: Use the new app toggle button
- openvpn: Add client apps
- backups: Fix title not appearing
- diagnostics: Don't run on disabled modules
- apps: Remove link to webapps in app descriptions
- interface: Fix error with app toggle input
- templates: Add toolbar for apps
- toolbar: Move diagnostics button into dropdown menu
- ssh: Fix Avahi SFTP service file
- diagnostics: Fix IPv6 failures
- matrix-synapse: Fix installation of 1.5 from buster-backports
- app: Fix javascript constant redeclaration error
- ikiwiki: Move the create button to manage section
- gitweb: Move create button into manage section
- networks: Move actions button into connection section
- users: Move create button into users section
- locale: Update translations for French, German, and Swedish
40. FreedomBox 19.21 (2019-11-18)
- gitweb: Allow to import from a remote repository
- interface: Disable turbolinks on links that don't point to /plinth/...
- backups: Show proper error when SSH server is not reachable
- tor: Rename "Hidden Service" to "Onion Service"
- ejabberd: Handle case where domain name is not set
- tahoe: Mark Tahoe-LAFS as an advanced app
- searx: Set safe_search to Moderate by default
- backups: Make verify ssh host page string translatable
- backups: Simplify SSH fingerprint verification command
- doc: Fix unavailability of manual images
- tor: Fix port diagnostics by correcting port data type
- tor: Expect obfs service to be also available on IPv6
tor: Listen on IPv6 for OrPort
- clients: implement launch button feature
- apps: Implement toggle button in apps pages
- Update translations for German, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian Bokmål, French, Polish
41. FreedomBox 19.20 (2019-11-04)
- doc: Add Spanish manual
- ssh: Add option to disable password authentication
- sharing: Fix wrong links on Apache2 directory index page
- gitweb: Set correct access rights after enabling application
- gitweb: Fix links leading to blank page
- gitweb: Set proper access after restoration of a backup
- snapshot: Sort snapshot list from newest to oldest
- infinoted: Add missing manual page link
- backups: Fix typo
- Update translations for German, Spanish, Swedish, Czech, French, Norwegian Bokmål, Hungarian
42. FreedomBox 19.19 (2019-10-21)
- gitweb: New app for simple git hosting
- ikiwiki: Allow full Unicode text in wiki/blog title names
- users: reload Apache2 to flush LDAP cache after user operations
- ssh: Show server fingerprints in SSH page
- frontpage: Show public shortcuts to all users regardless of group
- ikiwiki: Remove extra create button when no wiki/blog is present
- quassel: Add Let's Encrypt component for certificates
- Update translations for Czech, French, Bulgarian, Dutch, German, and Norwegian Bokmål
43. FreedomBox 19.18 (2019-10-07)
- diagnostics: Ensure that exceptions are reported as failures
- users: Rearrange UI to match with other apps
- upgrades, ikiwiki, networks, backups: Replace page tabs with buttons
- dynamicdns, i2p, pagekite, snapshot: Cleanup page templates
- deluge: Support deluge 2 by starting it properly
- minetest: Remove mod-torches no longer available in testing/unstable
- security: Add past vulnerabilities count, move report to new page
- Update translations for Spanish, Norwegian Bokmål, German
44. FreedomBox 19.17 (2019-09-23)
- firstboot: Add new help menu to firstboot navbar
- firstboot: Hide left menu during first boot as intended
- Update translations for Chinese (Simplified) and Czech
- Fix tests for letsencrypt and tor
45. FreedomBox 19.16 (2019-09-09)
- backups: Allow adding backup repositories on multiple disks
- help: Add buttons for contribute, support, and feedback
- action_utils: Workaround problem with setting debconf answers
- views: Fix failure in redirecting from language selection page
- manual: Move PDF download link to HTML manual page
- help: Convert help icon in the navbar to dropdown
- ejabberd: Fix listen port configuration for ejabberd 19.x
- cockpit, ejabberd: Prevent restart on freedombox startup
- ejabberd: Perform host/domain name operations only when installed
- logging: Improve formatting and reduce noise
- translations: Update Hungarian, German, Italian, French, and Norwegian Bokmål
46. FreedomBox 19.15 (2019-08-26)
- security: Hide vulnerability table by default
- names: Perform better layout of domain names table on small screens
- cockpit: Apply domain name changes immediately
- ejabberd: Prevent processing empty domain name
- config: Send hostname change signal only after fully processing it
- letsencrypt: Don't try to obtain certificates for .local domains
- avahi: Expose .local domain as a proper domain
- cockpit: Make essential and install by default
- tt-rss: Force upgrade to 18.12-1.1 and beyond
- updates: Allow matrix-synapse 1.3 to be installed for buster users
- javascript: Don't resubmit when refreshing the page
- storage: Fix regression with restoring backups with storage
- matrix-synapse: Use recommended reverse proxy configuration
- Update translations for German, Hungarian, and Norwegian Bokmål
47. FreedomBox 19.14 (2019-08-12)
- storage: Handle all device paths during eject
- storage: Fix incorrect internationalization when throwing an error
- upgrades: Use collapsible-button style for logs
- firewall: Allow automatic upgrade to 0.7.x
- upgrades: Handle release info change
- frontpage: Fix regression with loading custom shortcuts
- names: Add dynamic domain name
- names: Add button to configure each type of name
- names: Update page layout for clearer presentation
- names: Introduce new API for domain name handling
- api: Fix regression with listing only enabled apps in mobile app
- Update translations for Czech, Hungarian, French, Chinese (Simplified), Turkish, Polish, and Norwegian Bokmål
48. FreedomBox 19.13 (2019-07-29)
- backups: Make UI more consistent with other apps
- backups: Make backup location tables collapsible
- Updated translations for Chinese (Simplified), German, and Norwegian Bokmål
- help: Show security notice when backports are in use
- security: Show vulnerability counts
49. FreedomBox 19.12 (2019-07-22)
- sharing: Allow directories to be publicly shared
- backups: Add option to select/deselect all apps for backup or restore
dbus: Allow plinth user to own FreedomBox DBus service
- letsencrypt: Simplify renewal hooks implementation
- cockpit: Don't handle domains if app is not installed
- dynamicdns: Send domain added signal properly during init
- ejabberd: Backup and restore TLS certificates
- Started new Galician translation on Weblate
- Updated translations for Czech, Norwegian Bokmål, Hungarian, Spanish, Telugu, Chinese (Simplified), German, Turkish, and Russian
50. FreedomBox 19.2.2 (2019-07-17)
This release does not contain any functional changes, but fixes test failures when building the package.
51. FreedomBox 19.2.1 (2019-07-09)
This is a bugfix release for 19.2.
dbus: Allow plinth user to own FreedomBox DBus service
52. FreedomBox 19.11 (2019-07-08)
- backups: Fixes to issues while adding SSH remotes:
- Improve UX of adding ssh remote
- Avoid creating duplicate SSH remotes
- Fix issue with repository not being initialized
- Verify SSH hostkey before mounting
- Allow SSH directory paths with : in them
- Require passphrase for encryption in add repository form
- Don't send passphrase on the command line
- Un-mount SSH repositories before deleting them
- matrixsynapse: Fix missing translation mark
- Started new Greek translation on Weblate
- Updated translations for Chinese (Simplified), Hungarian, Spanish, and Russian
53. FreedomBox 19.10 (2019-06-24)
- syncthing: Open firewall ports for listening and discovery
- radicale: Workaround issue with creating log directory
- Update translations for Turkish, German, Czech, Norwegian Bokmål, and Portuguese
- Introduce components for firewall, webserver, uwsgi, and daemons
54. FreedomBox 19.9 (2019-06-10)
- config: Add option to show advanced apps, which are hidden by default
- monkeysphere: Hide by default
- searx: Add option to allow public access to the application
- Introduce component architecture for apps, with components for menus and shortcuts
- Start new translation for Bulgarian
- Update translations for Turkish and Norwegian Bokmål
55. FreedomBox 19.8 (2019-05-27)
- Switch to using SVG icons for all apps.
- Updated translations for Czech, Norwegian Bokmål, Hungarian, German, Turkish, and Spanish.
56. FreedomBox 19.7 (2019-05-13)
- i2p: Include default favorites.
- Separate enabled and disabled apps.
- Display port forwarding info for apps.
- Added Slovenian translation.
- Updated translations for Dutch, German, Hungarian, Norwegian Bokmål, Polish, Portuguese, Telugu.
57. FreedomBox 19.6 (2019-04-29)
- i2p: Enable new application for I2P Anonymity Network.
- Updated translations for Czech, German, Norwegian Bokmål, and Turkish.
- letsencrypt: Provide link to configure domain if not configured.
- firewall: Show port numbers and types.
58. FreedomBox 19.5 (2019-04-15)
- storage: Use more reliable method to list disks and disk space usage.
- Updated translations for Russian and German.
59. FreedomBox 19.4 (2019-04-01)
- clients: Open web app in a new browser tab
- matrix-synapse: Change client diagnostics url
- minetest: Fix duplicate domain names being displayed in UI
- storage: Do not show an eject button on /boot partitions
- letsencrypt: Call letsencrypt manage_hooks with correct arguments
- dynamicdns: Install module by default
- storage: Don't check type of the disk for / and /boot
- storage: Don't log error when checking if partition is expandable
- Updated translations for Norwegian Bokmål, Czech, German, Hungarian, Spanish, German, and Russian.
60. FreedomBox 19.3 (2019-03-18)
- UI: Move tabs below descriptions.
- firewall: Style heading
- names: Add description
- pagekite: Change heading text
- ikiwiki: Consistent styling for delete warning page
- main: Show service version in logs
- setup: Organize data files into various apps
- Updated translations for Czech, Hungarian, Norwegian Bokmål, Spanish, German, French, Italian, and Turkish.
61. FreedomBox 19.2 (2019-03-02)
- config: Fix Ikiwiki entries not showing up as default apps
- config: Migrate default app configuration to new conf file
- config: Rename Default App to Webserver Home Page
- config: Add option to use Apache's default home page as home page
- config: Fix error when setting JSXC as the home page
- Disable Coquelicot for Buster release
- matrix-synapse: Fix LDAP login issue
- config: Revert changes in freedombox.conf to avoid conffile prompt
- openvpn: Migration from easy-rsa 2 to 3 for existing installations
- tor: Use fixed 9001 port for relaying
- package: Implement identifying packages that need conffile prompts
- setup: Trigger force upgrade for app that implement it
- bind: Handle conffile prompt during upgrade
- apache: Pre-enable necessary apache modules
- apache: Use cgid module instead of cgi
- openvpn: Make frontpage shortcut appear after an upgrade
- openvpn: Work around firewalld bug 919517
- firewalld: Implement upgrading from 0.4.x to 0.6.x
- ttrss: Implement upgrade from 17.4 to 18.12
- radicale: Add description of web interface
- ttrss: Add backup support
- security: Migrate access config to new file
- Updated translations for Czech, Hungarian, Norwegian Bokmål, Spanish, German, Telugu.
62. FreedomBox 19.1 (2019-02-14)
- radicale: Increment module version to trigger upgrade handling
- radicale: Remove obsolete diagnostics
- radicale: Fix server URLs in client info
- Updated translations for Czech, Norwegian Bokmål, and Spanish.
- setup: Add option to handle configuration prompts during install
- radicale: Simplify upgrading to newer packages
- matrixsynapse: Use Let's Encrypt certificates
63. FreedomBox 19.0 (2019-02-09)
- mldonkey: Add some more clients to the module page
- mldonkey: Add to the description the three available front-ends
- monkeysphere: Fix handling of multiple domains and keys
- monkeysphere: Fix regression with reading new apache domain config
- apache: Switch to mod_ssl from mod_gnutls
- mldonkey: Enable app
- upgrades: Fix priority for buster-backports version
- upgrades: Fix premature adding of buster-backports sources
- Updated translations for Czech, German, and Spanish
- Switched to a new version number scheme: YY.N
- YY is the year of release.
- N is the release number within that year.
64. Version 0.49.1 (2019-02-07)
- ui: Fix regression with configure button in home page.
- backups: Rename 'Abort' buttons to 'Cancel'.
- backups: Use icon for add repository button.
- backups: Move subsubmenu below description.
- backups: Add title and description to other pages.
- backups: Add link to manual page.
- backups: Fix styling for upload size warning.
- backups: Increase timeout for SSH operations to 30 seconds.
- letsencrypt: UI: Fix checkbox disabling.
- datetime: Switch from chrony to systemd-timesyncd.
- Updated translations for Czech, Norwegian Bokmål, and Spanish.
65. Version 0.49.0 (2019-02-05)
- security: Update javascript for Content Security Policy.
- help: Use correct package to determine available version.
- repro: Disable app due to issues with Debian package.
- ui: Fix regression with card icon style in front page.
- js: Support full librejs compatibility.
- js: Remove javascript license link from footer.
- backups: Remove incorrectly set buffer size during download.
- backups: Fix incomplete download archives.
- backups: Improve performance of backup download.
- radicale: Handle migration from 1.x to 2.x.
- datetime: Switch from ntp to chrony.
- backports: Add buster-backports to apt sources list.
- Updated translations for Czech, Norwegian Bokmål, and Hungarian.
66. Version 0.48.0 (2019-01-28)
- Updated translations for Czech, Hungarian, German, and Norwegian Bokmål.
- UI improvements:
- Fix top margin for content containers.
- Fix setting width of card-list at various page sizes.
- Show help nav item text when navbar is collapsed.
- Hide restart/shutdown items when navbar is collapsed.
- Compact pages on extra small screen sizes.
- Backups improvements:
- Add backup/restore support for syncthing and openvpn.
- Upgrade apps before restoring them
- Fix showing not-installed apps in create backup page
- Automatically install required apps before restore.
- Add a loader to the restore button to indicate progress.
- Serve default favicon for apps that don't provide one.
- radicale: Fix issue with configuration changes not applying.
- storage: Fix false error message in log when visiting home page.
- infinoted: Handle timeout issue when stopping daemon during setup.
- matrix-synapse: Fix startup error caused by bind_address setting.
- radicale: Avoid changes to conffile for radicale 2.x.
- help: Fix showing status logs when an error occurs.
- fail2ban: Enable bans for apache auth failures.
- mldonkey: Initial work on new module for the eDonkey network.
- Not available yet, due to bug in package.
67. Version 0.47.0 (2019-01-14)
- Show Gujarati in the list of languages.
- Replace glyphicons with forkawesome icons.
- Snapshots:
- Change configuration to avoid filling up disk.
- Handle "Config in use" error.
- Update descriptions and configuration options.
- Firewall: Fix issue with transition from iptables.
- Security: Switch to Argon2 password hash.
- Cockpit: Add link to manual page and update description.
- Radicale: Add initial support for radicale 2.x.
- Setup:
- Handle showing setup page after app completes installation.
- Optimize installation in-progress checks and refresh time.
68. Version 0.46.0 (2018-12-31)
- Updated translations for Czech, German, Spanish, Ukrainian, and Norwegian Bokmål.
- Use systemd journal for logging.
- Rename plinth binary package to "freedombox", and merge freedombox-setup package into it.
69. Version 0.45.0 (2018-12-17)
- Storage: Merge list of removable media into existing table.
- Backups: Allow remote backups to SSH servers using sshfs.
- Backups: Removed asking for backup archive name.
- Automatically handle future versions of PHP.
- Updated translations for Hungarian, Czech, Spanish, Chinese (Simplified), Italian, Norwegian Bokmål, French, and German.
70. Version 0.44.0 (2018-12-03)
- UI: Add card style and gray noise background to apps pages.
- UI: Fix distortion of the client apps buttons.
- ejabberd: Handle BOSH port change from TCP 5280 to 5443.
- Minetest: Update mods list to available Debian packages.
- Firewall: Use nftables instead of iptables.
- Snapshots: Fix default snapshot listing.
- Snapshots: Show description above either tab.
- Snapshots: Allow snapshots to be selected for deletion.
- Translations: Updated Czech, Norwegian Bokmål, Spanish, German, and Portuguese.
71. Version 0.43.0 (2018-11-19)
- Backups improvements:
- Allow backups to be downloaded directly, without export step.
- Restore directly from uploaded backup.
- Avoid error for apps with no data to backup.
- Show free disk space on upload and restore page.
- Do not limit maximum upload size.
- openvpn: Migrate to easy-rsa 3 and fix setup issues.
- Make single sign-on tickets valid for 12 hours.
- Use consistent terminology for updates.
- Updated translations for Czech and Portuguese.
72. Version 0.42.0 (2018-11-05)
- Fix wrong color in mobile menu
- snapshot: Fix broken snapshot management after snapper update
- Enable backup/restore for tor, upgrades, monkeysphere, letsencrypt, tahoe
- monkeysphere: Handle importing new OpenSSH format keys
- udiskie: unmount drive as superuser
- Updated translations for Telugu, Indonesian, and Italian
73. Version 0.41.0 (2018-10-22)
- Enable backup/restore for datetime, deluge, avahi, backups, bind, security, snapshot, ssh, firewall, diagnostics, names, power, and storage.
- snapshot: Fix issue with setting configuration.
- backups: Fix backup archives ownership issue.
- backups: Fix issue with showing exports from disks without labels.
- backups: Don't rely on disk labels during export/restore.
- backups: Fix downloading extracted archive files.
- Updated translations for Norwegian Bokmål, French, Russian, and Spanish.
74. Version 0.40.0 (2018-10-08)
- Backups
- Enable backup/restore for mumble, privoxy, roundcube, searx, jsxc, coquelicot, transmission, quassel, shadowsocks, sharing, pagekite, and cockpit.
- Allow backup archives to be downloaded/uploaded through browser.
- mediawiki: Backup/restore settings as well as data.
- User Interface
- Change card text style and position.
- Change maximum cards per row.
- Add tint effect on card icons under "Apps".
- mediawiki: Run update script for 1.31 upgrade.
- customization: Show custom shortcuts on frontpage.
- Updated translations for Norwegian Bokmål, Portuguese, Spanish, Czech, German, French, and Italian.
75. Version 0.39.0 (2018-09-24)
- Updated translations for Hungarian and Norwegian Bokmål.
- Merge Removable Media (udiskie) into Storage module.
- Add Backups module for backing up apps data.
76. Version 0.38.0 (2018-09-10)
mediawiki: Enable SVG support for MediaWiki
- upgrades: Clean up old kernel packages during automatic upgrades
- Make the progress bar at the top of the page more visible.
- Updated translations for Norwegian Bokmål, Czech, Russian, German, Hungarian, and Spanish.
77. Version 0.37.0 (2018-08-27)
- Updated translations for Czech, Norwegian Bokmål, Russian, Spanish, Hungarian, and Dutch.
- install: Use Post/Response/Get pattern for reloads.
78. Version 0.36.0 (2018-08-13)
- Updated translations for Hindi, Spanish, Russian, Telugu, German, Hungarian, Czech, and French
- ejabberd: Remove deprecated settings from already existing config files
- mediawiki: Fix issue with re-installation
- mediawiki: Enable Instant Commons
- mediawiki: Fix images throwing 403s
turbolinks: Reload page using JavaScript
- Add Lato woff2 fonts
- Disable launch button for web client when not installed
79. Version 0.35.0 (2018-07-30)
configuration: Add an option to set a default app for FreedomBox. The root URL path (https://domainname/) will redirect to the selected app.
ejabberd: Remove deprecated iqdisc setting. To apply this fix, disable and then re-enable the Message Archive Management setting.
- ejabberd: Replace logo with original version.
mediawiki: Enable short URLs, which look like https://domainname/mediawiki/ArticleName.
- radicale: Clarify description for shared calendar/addressbook.
- storage: Handle mount points with spaces.
- udiskie: Add button to eject drives.
- udiskie: Also show read-only filesystems.
- udiskie: Remove internal networks warning.
- udiskie: Show special message when no storage device available.
- Add turbolinks library for smoother navigation.
- Removed extra text from icons for mediawiki, radicale, and tahoe-lafs.
- Updated translations for Russian, Spanish, Dutch, Hungarian, Hindi, Italian, Telugu, German, and Norwegian Bokmål.
80. Version 0.34.0 (2018-07-16)
- Prompt for secret during firstboot welcome
(Does not apply to downloadable FreedomBox images, but only when installed using freedombox-setup package.)
- Updated translations for Italian, Dutch, Hindi, Hungarian
81. Version 0.33.1 (2018-07-04)
- Fix issue where editing a user would remove them from admin group
- Updated translations for Hungarian, Czech, Spanish, Russian, Hindi
82. Version 0.33.0 (2018-07-02)
- Updated translations for Hungarian, Norwegian Bokmål, Spanish, Russian, Czech, Hindi, Dutch, Italian
- firewall: Display information that a service is internal only
- users: Don't show Create User link to non-admin users
- users: Redirect to users list on successful user creation
- packages: Show button to refresh package lists when a package is not available for install
- Only show front page shortcuts that a user is allowed to access
- Restrict removal of last admin user
- Use logos instead of icons in the apps page
- udiskie: New module for automatic mounting of removable media
83. Version 0.32.0 (2018-06-18)
- Apply new card based design
- Fix client info table size and flickering
- first-setup: Automatically expand root partition
- mediawiki: Enable image uploads
- mediawiki: Make private mode and public registrations mutually exclusive
- mediawiki: Hide frontpage shortcut when private mode is enabled
- Updated translations for Norwegian Bokmål, Czech, Spanish, Russian, Hindi, Telugu, Italian, Dutch, German, and Hungarian
84. Version 0.31.0 (2018-06-04)
- Updated translations for Czech, Spanish, Russian, German, Italian, Hindi, Telugu, and Norwegian Bokmål
- mediawiki: Added private mode option
- users: Fix user permissions not being saved
- users: internationalize a string
- mediawiki: Run update script for 1.30 upgrade
- shortcuts: Fix urls for ikiwiki shortcuts
85. Version 0.30.0 (2018-05-21)
- Updated translations for Russian, Italian, Norwegian Bokmål, Hungarian, and Hindi
- setup: Remove unavailable as a state in setup_helper
86. Version 0.29.1 (2018-05-08)
- security: Fix issue with Plinth locked out from sudo
- Updated translations for Czech and Spanish
87. Version 0.29.0 (2018-05-07)
- security: Allow console login access to user plinth
- Add an option to enable/disable public registrations in mediawiki
- tt-rss: Skip the check for SELF_URL_PATH
- searx: Fix issue with uwsgi crashing
- Updated translations for Czech, Spanish, German, Norwegian Bokmål, and Italian
88. Version 0.28.0 (2018-04-23)
- setup: disable install button for currently unavailable apps
- Add locale for Lithuanian (lt)
- Translation updates for Italian, Czech, Russian, Spanish, German, Norwegian Bokmål, Telugu, and Dutch
89. Version 0.27.0 (2018-04-09)
- middleware: Skip 'installed' message for essential apps
- users: Fix admin group appearing twice in permissions
- apps: Fix app names and short descriptions not being translated
- snapshots: Move manual page link to the index page
- UI: Fix progress bar not appearing
- snapshots: Fix for permissions issue when updating configuration
- snapshots: Add option to enable/disable software installation snapshots
- Translation updates for Italian, Czech, Russian, Spanish, Dutch, German, Norwegian Bokmål, and Ukrainian
90. Version 0.26.0 (2018-03-26)
- snapshots: Update description
- searx: Rewrite url from /searx to /searx/
- manual: Link to manual from each service
- Workaround security issues in django-axes
- apache: Only regenerate snake oil cert when needed
- apache: Explicitly enable the latest version of PHP module
- apache: Increase module version number to fix php7.2
- Update translations for Chinese (Simplified), Russian, Czech, German, Norwegian Bokmål, Hungarian, Spanish, and Italian
91. Version 0.25.0 (2018-03-12)
- sharing: Add app for sharing disk folders.
- ttrss: Update list of client apps.
- infinoted: Allow setup to recover after timeout issue.
- snapshots: Add configuration tab with settings for time-based snapshots.
92. Plinth v0.24.0 (2018-02-26)
- Add file-sharing application Coquelicot.
- Add metasearch engine application Searx.
- Add locale for Hungarian (hu).
- mediawiki: Allow shortcut to be publicly visible on front page.
- clients: Add and correct Client Apps.
- locale: Preferred language can be set in each user's profile.
- locale: Anonymous users can select preferred language.
- config: Remove language selection from config page.
- matrixsynapse: Fix mail attribute for ldap login.
93. Plinth v0.23.0 (2018-02-12)
- snapshots: Modify configurations to reduce disk usage.
- snapshots: Skip currently active snapshot when deleting all snapshots.
- jsxc: Use consistent url format.
- sso: Increase timeout to 60 minutes.
- theme: Change font from Helvetica to Lato.
- Translation updates for Czech, German, Gujarati, and Telugu.
94. Plinth v0.22.0 (2018-01-30)
- matrix-synapse: Make sure configuration file does not get corrupted.
- tor: Show enabled status properly.
- first_setup: Fix not showing admin user creation step.
Migrate from GitHub to Salsa
Migrate from CirceCI to GitLab CI on Salsa.
- Translation updates for Czech, Dutch, Gujarati, Hindi, Russian and Telugu.
- Started new translation for Ukrainian.
95. Plinth v0.21.0 (2018-01-15)
- navigation bar: Change label from 'Configuration' to 'System'.
- storage: Removed beta warning for expanding partition.
- groups: Consistently show available user groups, even before applications are installed.
- syncthing: Restrict administration to users in "syncthing" group.
- help: Show menu on smaller screens also.
- diagnostics: Enable the "Run Diagnostics" button when applications are enabled but not running.
96. Plinth v0.20.0 (2018-01-01)
- bind: Don't use forwarders by default
- ejabberd: Remove redundant button Client Apps
- mediawiki: Add wiki application
- users: Make sure first run actually works
- bind: Add information about current utility
97. Plinth v0.19.0 (2017-12-18)
- ejabberd: Use dynamic reload instead of restart when changing configuration.
- manual: Make manual available as a PDF download.
- minetest: Show domain information for users to connect to minetest.
- snapshots: Add button to delete all snapshots.
- snapshots: Add option to enable/disable automatic timeline snapshots.
- users: Add groups for bit-torrent and feed-reader, available when these applications are installed.
98. Plinth v0.18.0 (2017-12-04)
- Add Shadowsocks client with socks5 proxy.
- Fix SSO regressions and conflict with captcha.
- transmission: Fix sso not being enabled on upgrade.
avahi: Add service for FreedomBox discovery.
- Add client information for modules.
99. Plinth v0.17.0 (2017-11-20)
- transmission: Enable Single Sign On.
- cockpit: Add short description to frontpage shortcut.
- fail2ban: Fix spelling and sentence structure.
100. Plinth v0.16.0 (2017-11-06)
100.1. Added
- Add mobile, web and desktop client info for modules.
Enable django SecurityMiddleware to improve security ratings.
- cockpit: New module for server administration and web terminal.
100.2. Fixed
- letsencrypt: Fix internal server error when obtaining a certificate.
- ejabberd: Fix LDAP server entry in config file during setup.
- jsxc: Fix outdated URLs for connecting to local ejabberd server.
101. Plinth v0.15.3 (2017-10-20)
101.1. Changed
- Rename Disks to Storage.
- Rename Snapshot to Storage Snapshots.
- tt-rss: Enable API access by default.
- Allow access to Plinth from outside the LAN.
- matrix-synapse: Disable public registration by default.
- power: Merge actions into the user dropdown.
101.2. Added
- Add locales for Kannada (kn) and for Bengali (bn).
- ejabberd: Use Let's Encrypt certificate, also across renewals.
- matrix-synapse: Add enable/disable public registrations.
- Add captcha validation on 3 failed attempts.
- matrix-synapse: Enable LDAP integration.
- letsencrypt: Automatically obtain and revoke SSL certificates.
101.3. Fixed
- Fix front page label names.
- Fix vertical alignment of shortcut icons.
- storage: Fix issue with locales that use other decimal separators.
- Make tt-rss api accessible using Apache basic auth.
- letsencrypt: Handle case where current domain is empty.
- Handle both admin and non-admin user names in update user template.
102. Plinth v0.15.2 (2017-09-24)
102.1. Added
- letsencrypt: Show more info on cert validity status.
- letsencrypt: Add option to delete certificates.
- letsencrypt: Add option to let Plinth manage certbot's renewal hooks.
- power: Warn if a package manager is running before shutdown/restart.
- security: Install and manage fail2ban.
- names: Include domain and services from dynamicdns.
- disks: Add low disk space warning to system and disks page.
- ssh: New application to manage SSH server.
- Add api module to get enabled services and access info.
- Add Django password validators.
- ejabberd, ikiwiki, ttrss: Add user login descriptions.
102.2. Removed
- diaspora: Disable for this release due to issues affecting package.
- Remove help from navbar before firstboot complete.
102.3. Fixed
- i18n: Don't use backslash-newline for wrapping long lines.
- radicale: Update link to documentation.
- sso: Upgrade crypto to 4096-bit RSA and SHA-512.
- Users: Allow non-admin users to log out.
102.4. Changed
- letsencrypt: Make Let's Encrypt an essential module.
- UI: Make apps and configure pages responsive on small screens.
- Make help accessible for logged-in non-admin users.
103. Plinth v0.15.0 (2017-07-01)
- Added Tahoe-LAFS module for distributed file storage.
- Added Diaspora* module for federated social networking.
- Currently only available in "contrib" repository.
- New Locales for Czech (cs) and Tamil (ta).
- Added SSO using auth_pubtkt for Syncthing, TT-RSS, and the Repro admin panel.
- If you are logged in to Plinth, you will be automatically logged in to these web apps.
- ejabberd: Added option to enable/disable Message Archive Management.
- help: Added Debian release name to about page.
- firstboot: De-bloat first welcome screen.
- Pinned footer to the bottom of the viewport.
- disks: Restrict precision of reported available space on root partition.
- diagnostics: Disable button if app/service is not running.
- help: Only show help pages if user is logged in.
- navbar: Moved logout to user drop-down and added a new power drop-down.
- disks: Show disabled partition resize option if no space is available.
- Added line break to titles to fix frontpage layout.
- syncthing: Fixed typos and clarity in description.
- firewall: Fix 500 error when firewalld is not running.
- setup: Disable install/upgrade when dpkg/apt is running.
- disks: Use information from lsblk for more accuracy.
- datetime: Show timezone properly when it not in expected list.
104. Plinth v0.14.0 (2017-04)
- tor: Added option to use upstream bridges.
- openvpn: Added shortcut to front page, shown only when logged-in.
- openvpn: Non-admin users can download their own profiles.
- Added new locales for Hindi (hi) and Gujarati (gu).
- Added Syncthing module for file synchronization.
- Added Matrix Synapse as chat server with groups, audio and video.
- Require admin access for all system configuration pages.
- Changed appearance of topbar and footer.
- openvpn: Regenerate user key or certificate if empty.
- disks: Workaround issue in parted during resize.
105. Plinth v0.13.1 (2017-01-22)
- Two new apps were added:
- Gobby Server (infinoted) for collaborative editing of text documents
- Domain Name Server (BIND), in system menu
Added JavaScript license web labels to provide partial support for LibreJS.
- Added basic configuration form for Minetest server.
Added indicator to Help->About page if new Plinth version is available.
- Show app logos on front page instead of generic icons.
- Prevent anonymous users from accessing setup pages.
- Split Chat Server (XMPP) app into Chat Server (ejabberd) and Chat Client (jsxc).
106. Plinth v0.12.0 (2016-12-08)
- Open up RTP ports in the firewall for repro (SIP server).
- Front page shortcuts for services show a Configure button in the details box for logged-in users.
- Add mods packages to be installed with Minetest server.
- Fix issue with reading Dynamic DNS status as non-root user.
- After the hostname is changed, ensure the domain name is still set correctly.
- Allow the domain name to be cleared, and properly set the configuration in this case.
- On the Certificates (Let's Encrypt) page, show a more informative message when no domains are configured.
- On the Chat Server (XMPP) page, show more clearly if domain is not set.
- Apps that require login will not be shown on the front page, unless the user is logged in.
- Show status block for News Feed Reader (Tiny Tiny RSS).
- Change appearance of front page with larger icons and repositioned text.
- Firewall page only lists services that have been setup. The port lists are collapsible under each service.
- Support configuring IPv6 networks.
- Make it less likely to accidentally delete the only Plinth user.
- Updated to work with JSXC 3.0.0 (XMPP web client).
107. Plinth v0.11.0 (2016-09-29)
- Added loading icon for additional busy operations.
- Added basic front page with shortcuts to web apps, and information about enabled services.
- networks: Add batctl as dependency, required for batman-adv mesh networking.
- users:
- Fixed checking restricted usernames.
- Display error message if unable to set SSH keys.
- Flush nscd cache after user operations to avoid some types of errors.
- monkeysphere:
- Adopted to using SHA256 fingerprints.
- Sort items for consistent display.
- Handle new uid format of gpg2.
- Fixed handling of unavailable imported domains.
- minetest: Fixed showing status block and diagnostics.
- Fixed stretched favicon.
- Switched base template from container-fluid to container. This will narrow the content area for larger displays.
- Plinth is now able to run as "plinth" user instead of root user.
- xmpp: Replaced jwchat with jsxc.
- ikiwiki: Allow only alphanumerics in wiki/blog name to avoid invalid paths.
108. Plinth v0.10.0 (2016-08-21)
- Updated Plinth to support Django 1.10.
- Added a page to display recent status log from Plinth. It is accessible from the 500 error page.
- Tor: Added options to toggle relay and bridge relay modes.
- Radicale: Added access rights control.
- Ikiwiki: Updated suggested packages.
- Users and Groups: Fixed editing users without SSH keys.
- Networks: Added basic support for configuring batman-adv mesh networking.
- Networks: Fixed incorrect access for retrieving DNS entries.
- New languages:
- Persian (50% translated)
- Indonesian (not started, contributions needed)
- New modules added to Plinth:
- Disks: Shows free space of mounted partitions, and allows expanding the root partition.
- Security: Controls login restrictions.
- Snapshots: Manages Btrfs snapshots.
109. Version 0.9.4 (2016-06-24)
- Added Polish translation.
- Fixed issue preventing access to Plinth on a non-standard port.
- Dealt with ownCloud removal from Debian. The ownCloud page in Plinth will be hidden if it has not been setup. Otherwise, a warning is shown.
- Fixed issue in Privoxy configuration. Two overlapping listen-addresses were configured, which prevented privoxy service from starting.
- Fixed issue that could allow someone to start a module setup process without being logged in to Plinth.
- Fixed issues with some diagnostic tests that would show false positive results.
- Added check to Diagnostics to skip tests for modules that have not been setup.
- Fixed some username checks that could cause errors when editing the user.
- Added sorting of menu items per locale.
- Moved Dynamic DNS and Pagekite from Applications to System Configuration.
- Allowed setting IP for shared network connections.
- Switched Dreamplug image from "non-free" to "free". This means that we no longer include the non-free firmware for the built-in wifi on Dreamplug.
- Added the "userdir" module for the Apache web server. This allows users in the "admin" group to create a folder called "public_html" under their home folder, and to publicly share files placed in this folder.
New wiki and manual content licence: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (from June 13rd 2016).
- Switched to using apt-get for module setup in Plinth. This fixes several issues that were seen during package installs.
110. Version 0.9 (2016-04-24)
- Fixed Wi-Fi AP setup.
- Prevent lockout of users in 'sudo' group after setup is complete.
Improved setup mechanism for Plinth modules. Allows users to see what a module is useful for, before doing the setup and package install. Also allows essential modules to be setup by default during FreedomBox install.
- Added HTTPS certificates to Monkeysphere page. Reorganized so that multiple domains can be added to a key.
- Added Radicale, a CalDAV and CardDAV server.
- Added Minetest Server, a multiplayer infinite-world block sandbox.
- Added Tiny Tiny RSS, a news feed reader.
111. Version 0.8 (2016-02-20)
- Added Quassel, an IRC client that stays connected to IRC networks and can synchronize multiple frontends.
- Improved first boot user interface.
- Fixed Transmission RPC whitelist issue.
- Added translations for Turkish, Chinese, and Russian. Fixed and updated translations in other languages.
- Added Monkeysphere, which uses PGP web of trust for SSH host key verification.
- Added Let's Encrypt, to obtain certificates for domains, so that browser certificate warnings can be avoided.
- Added repro, a SIP server for audio and video calls.
- Allow users to set their SSH public keys, so they can login over SSH without a password.
112. Version 0.7 (2015-12-13)
- Translations! Full translations of the interface in Danish, Dutch, French, German and Norwegian Bokmål, and partial Telugu.
- Support for OLinuXino A20 MICRO and LIME2
- New Plinth applications: OpenVPN, reStore
- Improved first-boot experience
- Many bugfixes and cleanups
113. Version 0.6 (2015-10-31)
- New supported hardware target: Raspberry Pi 2
- New modules in Plinth:
- Shaarli: Web application to manage and share bookmarks
Date & Time: Configure time zone and NTP service
- Service Discovery: Configure Avahi service
- Documentation revamp including new user manual and developer guide
- Improved diagnostic tests, available in Plinth
- Avoid unnecessary changes when installing on existing Debian system
- Network configuration supports PPPoE connections
- Debian packages can be download over Tor
114. Version 0.5 (2015-08-07)
New targets: CubieTruck, i386, amd64
- New apps in Plinth: Transmission, Dynamic DNS, Mumble, ikiwiki, Deluge, Roundcube, Privoxy
NetworkManager handles network configuration and can be manipulated through Plinth.
- Software Upgrades (unattended-upgrades) module can upgrade the system, and enable automatic upgrades.
- Plinth is now capable of installing ejabberd, jwchat, and privoxy, so they are not included in image but can be installed when needed.
- User authentication through LDAP for SSH, XMPP (ejabberd), and ikiwiki.
- Unit test suite is automatically run on Plinth upstream. This helps us catch at least some code errors before they are discovered by users!
- New, simpler look for Plinth.
- Performance improvements for Plinth.
115. Version 0.3 (2015-01-20)
- Tor Bridges: All boxes now act as non-exit Tor bridges, routing traffic for the Tor network.
Firewall: firewall is on by default and is automatically managed.
Add BeagleBone support. We now have images for BeagleBone, RaspberryPi, VirtualBox i386/amd64, and DreamPlug.
- Ability to enable and use Tor Hidden Services. Works with Ejabberd/JWChat and ownCloud services.
- Enable Tor obfsproxy with scramblesuit.
- Drop well-known root password (an account with sudo capabilities still exists for now but will be removed soon).
- Switch to unstable as suite of choice for easier development.
- Newer images are built with systemd by default (due to Debian change).
- Install and operate firewall automatically (uses firewalld).
- Major restructuring of Plinth UI using Python3, Django web development framework and Bootstrap3. Code quality is much better and UI is more polished.
- Introduced packaging framework in Plinth UI for on-demand application installation.
116. Version 0.2 (2014-03-16)
Support for Raspberry Pi and VirtualBox (x86) in addition to the DreamPlug.
- New Services:
- Configuration Management UI.
- Instant Messaging.
OwnCloud.
- dnsmasq.
- Low-Level Configuration Management.
- Service Announcement.
- LDAP Server.
- LXC Support.
- Source Packages.
- The privoxy setup is now the default from Debian.
117. Version 0.1 (2013-02-26)
First FreedomBox software release (0.1 image, developer release).
- Full hardware support in Debian
Support for DreamPlug.
- Basic software tools selected as common working environment:
- User interface system "plinth"
- Cryptography tools: gpg or "monkeysphere"
Box-to-box communication design: Freedom-buddy (uses TOR network)
- Web cleaning: "privoxy-freedombox".
Mitarbeiten
Get Involved
From code, design and translation to spreading the word and donation, here are a number of ways to contribute to FreedomBox.
1. Quick Links
FreedomBox Developer Manual
Progress calls
TODO page
Donation page
2. Welcome to newcomers
As a new contributor, you are more than welcome to introduce yourself to others on the FreedomBox