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Revision 33 as of 2011-12-02 12:00:59
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Comment:
Revision 35 as of 2012-04-15 07:26:29
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Editor: AndrewLee
Comment: Update --keyring option in creating an ubuntu base path.
Deletions are marked like this. Additions are marked like this.
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Creating an ubuntu base path  is trickier because one must :
  1. import ubuntu signing keys
  1. exclude packages of priority `important` in `/usr/share/cdebootstrap/generic-ubuntu/packages`
Creating an ubuntu base path is trickier because one must :
  1. Obtain ubuntu signing keys
  1. Use --keyring option to specific ubuntu signing keys
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$ wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/project/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
$ sudo cp ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
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--debootstrapopts --exclude=udev,pcmciautils,initramfs-tools --debootstrapopts --keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
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}}}
At the end you should add:
{{{
PDEBUILD_PBUILDER="cowbuilder"
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dget http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/n/nano/nano_2.2.6-1.dsc
cd nano-2.2.6
dget -x http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/n/nano/nano_2.2.6-1.dsc
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sudo DIST=squeeze ARCH=i386 pdebuild sudo DIST=squeeze ARCH=i386
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sudo DIST=hardy ARCH=amd64 pdebuild sudo DIST=hardy ARCH=amd64 cowbuilder --build nano_2.2.6-1.dsc

This is a tutorial for cowbuilder. See also qemubuilder.

Usage

Initialization

Create the base image:

sudo cowbuilder --create

And a new and shiny build image is created in /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow/

Every day usage

Update the base image

sudo cowbuilder --update

Build a package:

sudo cowbuilder --build somepackage.dsc

Tips

Bash and SVN tips

Setup your .bashrc according to: http://upsilon.cc/~zack/blog/posts/2007/09/svn-cowbuilder/

Building your package for many distributions at once

cowbuilder is really handy to build your pet project for many distributions at once. If you have got an amd64 system, you can easily build a package for i386 and amd64 architectures and for say stable, sid and lucid.

  • The first step involves creating as many basepaths as you need. I chose to put them in /var/cache/pbuilder/$DIST-$ARCH/base.cow.

sudo mkdir  /var/cache/pbuilder/squeeze-i386/
  • Then create the base image :

sudo cowbuilder \
--create \
--basepath /var/cache/pbuilder/squeeze-i386/base.cow\
 --distribution squeeze\
 --debootstrapopts --arch --debootstrapopts i386

Creating an ubuntu base path is trickier because one must :

  1. Obtain ubuntu signing keys
  2. Use --keyring option to specific ubuntu signing keys
  3. add universe to complete creation of chroot because the cowdancer package is in universe.

$ wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/project/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
$ sudo cp ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
$ DIST=gutsy sudo cowbuilder --create \
--distribution gutsy \
--components "main universe" \
--basepath /var/cache/pbuilder/gutsy-amd64.cow \
--mirror http://apt:9999/ubuntu \
--debootstrapopts --keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
  • Create a ~/.pbuilderrc file, taking the one from Ubuntu pbuilder howto, in the Multiple pbuilders section, uncommenting the line

BASEPATH="/var/cache/pbuilder/$NAME/base.cow/
  • Bring your cowbuilder chroot up to date by running

sudo DIST=sid cowbuilder --update
  • You can now build up a package. For instance a backport of nano for squeeze:

dget -x http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/n/nano/nano_2.2.6-1.dsc
# For a Debian Squeeze on i386 target
sudo DIST=squeeze ARCH=i386 
# Ubuntu a Hardy on amd64 target
sudo DIST=hardy ARCH=amd64 cowbuilder --build nano_2.2.6-1.dsc

The result will be available in: /var/cache/pbuilder/squeeze-i386/result

Optionnal
  • Once everything is set up, you can use a script in a debian source package directory to build it for every distribution.

set -e

RESULTDIR=$1
[ -d $RESULTDIR ] || mkdir $RESULTDIR

DISTLIST=$(ls -d /var/cache/pbuilder/*.cow)

for chrootdir in $DISTLIST
do
    sudo cowbuilder --update --basepath $chrootdir
    DIST=$(basename $chrootdir | cut -d'-' -f1)
    [ -d $RESULTDIR/$DIST ] || mkdir $RESULTDIR/$DIST
    DIST=$DIST pdebuild --pbuilder cowbuilder\
                        --buildresult $RESULTDIR/$DIST\
                        -- --basepath $chrootdir
done
  • You can use an apt cache to reduce the downloads on mirrors, so if the mirror is http://apt:9999/debian or http://apt:9999/ubuntu.

( you shoud then add --mirror http://apt:9999/debian 

  • You can use eatmydata inside the cowbuilder chroot to speed up dpkg

DIST=sid cowbuilder --login --save
apt-get install eatmydata
  • And add this /etc/pbuilderrc

if [ -z "$LD_PRELOAD" ]; then
  LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libeatmydata/libeatmydata.so
else
  LD_PRELOAD="$LD_PRELOAD":/usr/lib/libeatmydata/libeatmydata.so
fi

export LD_PRELOAD

Using with git-buildpackage

The above config can be adapted to work with the defaults of git-buildpackage:

-BASEPATH="/var/cache/pbuilder/$NAME/base.cow/"
+BASEPATH="/var/cache/pbuilder/base-$NAME.cow/"

Then the images can be created with:

DIST=sid ARCH=amd64 git-pbuilder create

And packages be built with:

DIST=sid ARCH=amd64 git-buildpackage --builder=git-pbuilder

A bug was opened to make sure the ARCH argument is coherent with the pbuilder way (ie. that it's optional), see: #646882

Troubleshooting

Slow copying and removing of the COW directory

What cowbuilder does is:

cp -al /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow /tmp/new
rm -rf /tmp/new

Of course cowbuilder uses a different location than /tmp/new. You need to optimize those 2 commands on your computer. They should take around 0.2s each. If not, try to use the ext3 filesystem, for more details, see our benchmarks.