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For basic usage of a command line shell, it is good to know about programs provided by the coreutils package.
The GNU Core Utilities are the basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities of the GNU operating system. These are the core utilities which are expected to exist on every operating system.
Commonly used tools provided by this package include:
ls - list directory contents
ls - copy files and directories
mv - move (rename) files
rm - remove (deletes) files
mkdir - create directories
rmdir - remove empty directories
ln - creates file links
chmod - changes file modes/permissions
chown - change file owner and group ownership
touch - changes file timestamps or create empty files
dd - copies and converts a file
df - shows disk free space on filesystems
du - shows disk usage on filesystems
chroot - Changes the root directory.
Text/shell utilities
Find, search, replace, compare, manipulate text, and basic shell scripting functions
echo - Prints a line of text.
cat - print (and concatenate) files to the standard output
tee - Sends output to multiple files.
basename - strip directory and suffix from filenames
dirname - Removes the last level or filename from a given pathname.
seq - Print numeric sequences.
sleep - Suspends execution for a specified time.
true - Returns a successful exit status.
false - Returns an unsuccessful exit status.
yes - Print a string repeatedly.
System utilities
hostname - Print or set the machine name.
uname - Print system information.
date - Prints/sets the system date and time.
pwd - Print the current working directory.
su - Allows you to adopt the id of another user or superuser (see also sudo)
nice - Modify scheduling priority.
who - Print a list of all users currently logged in.
groups - Print the groups that the user is a member of.
whoami - Print effective user id.
env - Displays/modifies the environment.
Less-frequently used coreutils commands include dir, dircolors, install, link, mkdifo, mknod, shred, sync, unlink, vr, chgrp, expr, factor, hostid, logname, nohup, patchk, pinky, printenv, printf, stty, tty, users
TODO sort everything below, link to manpages
- cksum - checksum and count the bytes in a file
- comm - compare two sorted files line by line
- csplit - split a file into sections determined by context lines
- cut - remove sections from each line of files
- expand - convert tabs to spaces
- fmt - simple optimal text formatter
- fold - wrap each input line to fit in specified width
- head - output the first part of files
- join - join lines of two files on a common field
- md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
- nl - number lines of files
- od - dump files in octal and other formats
- paste - merge lines of files
- pr - convert text files for printing
- ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents
- sort - sort lines of text files
- split - split a file into pieces
- sum - checksum and count the blocks in a file
- tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
- tail - output the last part of files
- tr - translate or delete characters
- tsort - perform topological sort
- unexpand - convert spaces to tabs
- uniq - remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
- wc - print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
History
Previously these utilities were offered as three individual sets of GNU utilities, fileutils, shellutils, and textutils. Those three have been combined into a single set of utilities called the coreutils.
Debian Woody shipped with the fileutils, shellutils, and textutils packages. Sarge shipped with coreutils. In Sarge and Etch the fileutils, shellutils, and textutils were dummy transition packages to facilitate uggrades. In Etch and later they may be safely removed.
CategoryCommandLineInterface | CategorySoftware | CategorySystemAdministration | CategoryRedundant: (work in progress) merge with ShellCommands