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If you are on a 64-bit architecture (which is the case for most users), you need to enable [[Multiarch/HOWTO|multiarch]]: {{{ If you are on a amd64 system (which is the case for most users), you need to enable [[Multiarch/HOWTO|multiarch]]: {{{

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WINE logo obtained from official website winehq.org - Logo by Joel Holdsworth, original image designed by Jon Parshall - GNU LGPL

Wine — (originally an acronym for "Wine Is Not an Emulator") is a compatibility layer capable of running Windows applications on several POSIX-compliant operating systems, such as Linux, Mac OSX, & BSD. Instead of simulating internal Windows logic like a virtual machine or emulator, Wine translates Windows API calls into POSIX calls on-the-fly, eliminating the performance and memory penalties of other methods and allowing you to cleanly integrate Windows applications into your desktop.

Available versions

Since Debian Jessie you can choose between two sets of Wine packages: wine and wine-development.

wine tracks the stable releases from winehq.org (e.g. version 1.6.2), and wine-development the development releases (e.g. version 1.7.29). For Debian Jessie current versions of wine-development are available as backports.

Despite its name wine-development is also intended to be used by regular users. Do not mix this up with the *-dev packages which contain the header files and development libraries.

You can either install both sets at the same time, or only one of them.

To use wine-development you have to add the suffix "-development" to every command (e.g. "wine-development foo.exe" or "winecfg-development").

Installation


Debian Jessie and newer

Preparations:

If you are on a amd64 system (which is the case for most users), you need to enable multiarch:

# dpkg --add-architecture i386 && apt update

If you are on Debian Jessie (stable) and want to use the current version of wine-development from backports you have to enable jessie-backports on your system. Add this line to your sources.list (or add a new file with the ".list" extension to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/):

deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main

and run

# apt update

Installation:

Install wine:

# apt install wine

and/or wine-development:

# apt install wine-development

Packages from backports are not installed automatically. But once they are installed on your system you receive automatic updates. The following examples make sure that all required packages are pulled from jessie-backports instead of jessie.

Install wine-development from jessie-backports on a 64-bit architecture (with i386 as foreign 32-bit architecture):

# apt install \
      wine-development/jessie-backports \
      wine32-development/jessie-backports \
      wine64-development/jessie-backports \
      libwine-development/jessie-backports \
      libwine-development:i386/jessie-backports \
      fonts-wine-development/jessie-backports

Install wine-development from jessie-backports on a 32-bit architecture:

# apt install \
      wine-development/jessie-backports \
      wine32-development/jessie-backports \
      libwine-development/jessie-backports \
      fonts-wine-development/jessie-backports

wine and wine-development pull in some more packages. Some are optional and might not be installed automatically. On a 64-bit architecture make sure that both wine32 and wine64 (or their -development equivalent) get installed (although not strictly required, this is what most people want).

wine comes with:

  • wine-binfmt provides support for launching windows executables directly.

  • wine32 provides the binary loader for 32-bit Windows applications.

  • wine64 provides the binary loader for 64-bit Windows applications.

  • wine32-tools provides wine's 32-bit developer tools.

  • wine64-tools provides wine's 64-bit developer tools.

  • libwine provides the wine library (one separate package for each the 32-bit and the 64-bit arch, e.g. libwine:i386 and libwine:amd64).

  • libwine-dbg provides wine's debugging symbols.

  • libwine-dev provides wine's C header files and development libraries.

wine-development comes with:


Debian Wheezy and older

In Debian Wheezy, for the users convenience, Wine is divided into several different packages. This way one may install only those functionalities of Wine which are necessary for one.

The standard package is obtained by simply installing wine.

# apt-get install wine

The minimal package is obtained by installing wine-bin.

# apt-get install wine-bin

After the installation of wine-bin additional modules may be acquired by installing the necessary packages:

  • libwine - This package provides the wine library.

  • libwine-alsa - ALSA sound module; this package contains drivers for the ALSA sound module.

  • libwine-capi - ISDN module; this package contains the CAPI interface, which allows Windows applications to interact with ISDN cards supported by capi4linux.

  • libwine-cms - Colour Management module; this package contains the Colour Management System, which allows Windows applications to calibrate colours used for display and printing.

  • libwine-dbg - debugging symbols; this package provides debugging symbols

  • libwine-dev - Development files; this package provides 'C header files'.

  • libwine-gl - OpenGL module; this package contains the Direct3D and OpenGL modules, which allow Windows applications to use 3D acceleration.

  • libwine-gphoto2 - Camera module; this package contains the TWAIN interface, which allows Windows applications to interact with cameras supported by gphoto2.

  • libwine-ldap - LDAP module; this package contains the module which allows Windows applications access to directory services LDAP.

  • libwine-oss - OSS sound module; this package contains drivers for the OSS sound module.

  • libwine-print - Printing module; this package contains spooler supported by CUPS and the driver ?PostScript, which gives the ability to print from Windows applications.

  • libwine-sane - Scanning module; this package contains the TWAIN interface, which allows Windows applications to interact with scanners supported by SANE.

Configuration


wine 1.6.2-20 packages in Debian Jessie

To use the wine-wrapper scripts such as winecfg, wineboot or regedit you have to set them as an option to the command "wine". See Debian bug #784280. wine-development and later wine versions are are not affected.

E.g. typing only "winecfg" will cause an error if no wineprefix exists yet, while "wine winecfg" works as expected.

To open the Wine configuration window, enter the following command (only the one matching your version):

$ wine winecfg
$ winecfg-development

To open the Wine registry editor, enter the following command (only the one matching your version):

$ wine regedit
$ regedit-development

Installing and removing programs


In order to install a program, one must launch the Windows installation file (.exe/.msi) with the following command (only the one matching your version):

$ wine ~/file.exe
$ wine-development ~/file.exe

In order to remove a program, launch the wine uninstaller with the following command (only the one matching your version):

$ wine uninstaller
$ wine-development uninstaller

Wine uninstaller does not delete menu entries and desktop icons; therefore they must be removed manually.

Winetricks


winetricks - is a helper script to download and install various redistributable runtime libraries needed to run some programs in Wine. These may include replacements for components of Wine using closed source libraries.

To download and install, enter:

# apt install winetricks

If you have both wine and wine-development installed and you want to use the wine-development wine binary and wineserver, you should execute the following commands before running winetricks. Make sure to replace the * in the WINESERVER line with the appropriate directory based on your system's architecture.

$ export WINE=/usr/bin/wine-development
$ export WINESERVER=/usr/lib/*/wine-development/wineserver

Additional programs for Wine


  • PlayOnLinux — Frontend for Wine which helps to easily install Windows games and programs in Linux.

  • q4wine — Helps to manage wine prefixes and install applications.

  • winegame — Helps to easily install Windows games and programs in Linux.

Alternatives


  • Crossover — CrossOver is developed by CodeWeavers and based on Wine, an open-source Windows compatibility layer. CrossOver lets you run thousands of Windows apps on your favorite Linux distros like Ubuntu, Mint, Fedora, Debian, RHEL and more.

  • Wine Staging Wine Staging (formerly wine-compholio) is a special wine version containing bug fixes and features, which are not yet available in regular wine versions. The idea of Wine Staging is to provide new features faster to end users and to give developers the possibility to discuss and improve their patches before they are sent upstream.


Wine official website