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This page is about managing user accounts and groups in Debian, as well as authentication/authorization/access control mechanisms.
Debian Reference - 1.2.3 GNU/Linux tutorials - Filesystem permissions
Debian Reference - 4. Authentication
Root - The superadministrator (root) user account
Permissions - Linux file permissions
SystemGroups - system groups used on a Debian system
UserPrivateGroups - Sharing and collaborating on directory content with a group
WHEEL/PAM - Set up the pam_wheel module to restrict the execution of su
pamusb - pam_usb module that allows authentication using USB sticks/tokens (one-time-passwords)
LDAP/PAM - User authentication using LDAP
adduser package - add and remove users and groups
passwd package - change and administer password and group data. Also check this tutorial on Changing a user password on Debian.
Users
See also UserAccounts.
Groups
Run id to print the current user's groups/IDs
CategorySystemAdministration | ?CategoryUserManagement | CategorySystemSecurity