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Since it's all about Software, you might want to refer to these other wiki portals:
And some pages about :
Archive and disk images: Managing compressed files, Managing ISO files, Mount, view and extract files in an ISO
Installing software
The recommended way to install new software on Debian is by using packages from the official repositories. These repositories should contain most of the software you will want to install, allowing you not to rely on external sources.
To achieve this, Debian has several tools dedicated to Package Management, which allow you to manage the APT repositories (main, contrib, non-free), and to search and select software to be installed.
Provided you know what you are doing, you might also get software by :
- building the software from sources.
- installing packages from unofficial repositories/websites.
- getting binaries
- deploying software with containers such as Docker
- using Flatpak or other package managers such as Nix/Guix.
writing your own!
Finding Software
There are several ways to learn what software included in Debian can cover your specific needs.
Debian Administrator's Handbook: Searching packages
Debian Administrator's Handbook: Package Meta Information
Debian Reference Manual: Search method options with aptitude (Chapter 2. Debian package management)
Debian Reference Manual: Searching on the package meta data (Chapter 2. Debian package management)
Debtags web search provides means to search software according to their various facets (see Help page).
packages.debian.org, Debian packages themselves contain 'recommends, 'suggests' and 'extends' meta-information fields which may be starting points when looking for more features or software alternatives. Debian packages website also lists «Similar packages».
package managers are sorting software according to categories. Some package managers such as gnome-software show featured applications and may provide different ways to sort packages.
other sources of ideas include this wiki, in particular through the Software portal, and other web pages, like blog posts from Planet Debian
some interesting packages newly added to Debian repositories are mentionned in Debian Weekly Newsletter.
You can see full list of packages coming with Debian Stable here
See also
WhyTheName, because we all wonder where does software names come from