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Revision 8 as of 2009-08-16 10:57:53
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Comment: CategoryProposedDeletion : should link to a good Unix wikibook
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Editor: FranklinPiat
Comment: duplicate PrincipalCommands
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  * Also, it duplicates [[PrincipalCommands]]
  * some sample guides http://comptechdoc.org/os/linux/usersguide/ ; wikibooks.org has some

Translation(s): Français

(!) ?Discussion


Find defaut Debian commands based on shell built-in commands and coreutils packages

Remember to see man pages. It's your first help ! Don't recreate or import man or info pages here.

Good informations are:

  • Simple description
  • Some useful examples that are not in man pages

You don't find this shell command on your system, see next URL and replace MY_COMMAND by your command

http://packages.debian.org/search?suite=default&section=all&arch=any&searchon=contents&keywords=MY_COMMAND

ShellToolTricks, PrincipalCommands and coreutils should be merging here


Jump to : A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

  • alias: Create an alias

  • awk: Find and Replace text within file(s)

B

  • basename: Return just the file name alone

  • break: Exit from a loop

  • builtin: Run a shell builtin

  • bzip2/bunzip2: Compress or decompress named file(s)

C

  • cal: Display a calendar

  • case/in/esac Conditionally perform a command

  • cat: Display the contents of a file

    • cat -n: simple way to add line-numbers to the output of a command

  • cd: Change Directory

  • chgrp: Change group ownership

  • chmod: Change access permissions

  • chown: Change file owner and group

  • chroot: Run a command with a different root directory

  • cksum: Print CRC checksum and byte counts

  • clear: Clear terminal screen

  • cmp: Compare two files

  • comm: Compare two sorted files line by line

  • command: Run a command - ignoring shell functions

  • continue: Resume the next iteration of a loop

  • cp Copy one or more files to another location

  • cron: Daemon to execute scheduled commands

  • crontab: Schedule a command to run at a later time

  • csplit: Split a file into context-determined pieces

  • cut: Divide a file into several parts

D

  • date: Display or change the date & time

  • dc: Desk Calculator

  • dd: Data Dump - Convert and copy a file

  • declare: Declare variables and give them attributes

  • df: Display free disk space

  • diff: Display the differences between two files

  • diff3: Show differences among three files

  • dir: Briefly list directory contents

  • dircolors: Colour setup for ls

  • dirname: Convert a full pathname to just a path

  • dirs: Display list of remembered directories

  • dmesg: Output is from the kernel booting, showing the devices it has found and if it has been able to configure them at all (aside from userland configuration).

  • du: Estimate file space usage

E

  • echo: Display message on screen

  • ed: A line-oriented text editor (edlin)

  • egrep: Print lines matching a pattern (same as grep -E)

  • eject: Eject CD-ROM

  • enable: Enable and disable builtin shell commands

  • env: Display, set, or remove environment variables

  • eval: Evaluate several commands/arguments

  • exec: Execute a command

  • exit: Exit the shell

  • expand: Convert tabs to spaces

  • export: Set an environment variable

  • expr: Evaluate expressions

F

  • factor: Print prime factors

  • false: Do nothing, unsuccessfully

  • fdformat: Low-level format a floppy disk

  • fdisk: Partition table manipulator for Linux

  • fdupes: find duplicate files within a set of directories

  • fgrep: Print lines matching a pattern (same as grep -F)

  • file: Tells what kind of files are those listed on command line

  • find: Search for files that meet a desired criteria

  • fmt: Reformat paragraph text

  • fold: Wrap text to fit a specified width.

  • for: Expand words, and execute commands

  • format: Format disks or tapes

  • free: Display memory usage

  • fsck: Filesystem consistency check and repair.

  • ftp:' Transerfer/receive files from/to a remote host

  • function: Define Function Macros

G

  • gawk: Pattern scanning and processing language

  • getopts: Parse positional parameters

  • grep: Print lines matching a pattern

  • groups: Print group names a user is in

  • gzip/gunzip: Compress or decompress named file(s)

H

  • hash: Remember the full pathname of a name argument

  • head: Output the first part of file(s)

  • history: Command History

  • hostname: Print or set system name

  • htop: Colourfull top

I

  • id: Print user and group id's

  • if/then/else/elif/fi Conditionally perform a command

  • import: Capture an X server screen and save the image to file

  • info: Help info

  • install: Copy files and set attributes

J

  • join: Joins lines on a common field

K

  • kill: Stops a process from running

  • killall: Stops matching process from running

L

  • less: Display output one screen at a time

  • let: Perform arithmetic on shell variables

  • ln: Make links between files

  • local: Create local variables

  • locate: Find files using an indexed list.

  • logname: Print current login name

  • logout: Exit a login shell

  • lpc: Line printer control program

  • lpr: Off line print

  • lprint: Print a file

  • lprintd: Abort a print job

  • lprintq: List the print queue

  • lprm: Remove jobs from the print queue

  • ls: List information about file(s)

M

  • m4: Macro processor

  • man: Help manual

  • mkdir: Create new folder(s)

  • mkfifo: Make FIFOs (named pipes)

  • mknod: Make block or character special files

  • more: Display output one screen at a time

  • mount: Mount a file system

  • mtools: Manipulate MS-DOS files

  • mv: Move or rename files or directories

N

  • nice: Set the priority of a command or job

  • nl: Number lines of file(s)

  • nohup: Run a command immune to hangups

P

  • passwd: Modify a user password

  • paste: Merge lines of files

  • pathchk: Check file name portability

  • popd: Restore the previous value of the current directory

  • pr: Convert text files for printing

  • printcap: Printer capability database

  • printenv: Print environment variables

  • printf: Format and print data

  • ps: Process Status. Lists running process

  • pushd: Save and then change the current directory

  • pwd: Print Working Directory

Q

  • quota: Display disk usage and limits

  • quotacheck: Scan a file system for disk usage

  • quotactl: Set disk quotas

R

  • ram: ram disk device

  • rcp: Copy files between two machines.

  • read: read a line from standard input

  • readonly: Mark variables/functions as readonly

  • remsync: Synchronize remote files via email

  • return: Exit a shell function

  • rgrep: Recursive grep

  • rm: Remove file(s)

  • rmdir: Remove folder(s)

  • rsh: Remote Shell

  • rsync: Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees) using its own protocol. It may be used over an ssh or rsh connexion.

S

  • screen: Terminal window manager

  • scp: Copy files between two machines over an ssh connexion

  • sdiff: Merge two files interactively

  • sed: Stream Editor

  • select: Accept keyboard input

  • seq: Print numeric sequences

  • sftp: Secure file transfer (FTP over SSH)

  • set: Manipulate shell variables and functions

  • shift: Shift positional parameters

  • shopt: Shell Options

  • shutdown: Shutdown or restart linux

  • sleep: Delay for a specified time

  • sort: Sort text files

  • source: Run commands or load functions from a file `.'

  • split: Split a file into fixed-size pieces

  • ssh:' Secure Shell.

  • su: Substitute user identity

  • sudo: execute a command as another user

  • sum: Print a checksum for a file

  • symlink: Make a new name for a file

  • sync: Synchronize data on disk with memory

T

  • tac: Concatenate/write files in reverse order

  • tail: Output the last part of files

  • tar: Tape Archiver

  • tee: Redirect output to multiple files

  • test: Evaluate a conditional expression

  • time: Measure Program Resource Use

  • times: User and system times

  • touch: Change file timestamps or create an empty file

  • top: List processes running on the system

  • traceroute: Trace Route to Host

  • trap: Run a custom command when a signal is received(bourne)

  • tr: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters

  • true: Do nothing, successfully

  • tsort: Topological sort

  • tty: Print filename of terminal on stdin

  • type: Describe a command

U

  • ulimit: Limit user resources

  • umask: Users file creation mask

  • umount: Unmount a device

  • unalias: Remove an alias

  • uname: Print system information

  • unexpand: Convert spaces to tabs

  • uniq: Uniquify files

  • units: Convert units from one scale to another

  • unset: Remove variable or function names

  • unshar: Unpack shell archive scripts

  • until: Execute commands (until error)

  • useradd: Create new user account

  • usermod: Modify user account

  • users: List users currently logged in

  • uuencode: Encode a binary file

  • uudecode: Decode a file created by uuencode

V

  • v: Verbosely list directory contents (ls -l -b)

  • vdir: Verbosely list directory contents (ls -l -b)

  • watch: Execute/display a program periodically

  • wc: Print byte, word and line counts

  • whereis: Report all known instances of a command

  • which: Locate a program file in the user's path.

  • while/do/done: Execute commands

  • who: Print all usernames currently logged in

  • whoami: Print the current user id and name (`id -un')

  • xargs: Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)

  • yes: Print a string until interrupted

  • . : See source

  • #: Comment / Remark.

W

X

Y

Z

See also

  • Shell