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Within the environment of a desktop application suite, such as KDE, GNOME or LXDE, screen locking will usually be handled through the screensaver application and its respective preference dialog. When using Openbox stand-alone, you can either install one of these screensavers, for example DebPkg:xscreensaver (see [[#Screensavers]] below), or use only a screen locker. [shortly explain screen locker] While any of these programs will lock your X session, only some are able to block access to the remaining virtual consoles as well. See [[Screensaver]] for more information. Within the environment of a desktop application suite, such as KDE, GNOME or LXDE, screen locking will usually be handled through the screensaver application and its respective preference dialog. When using Openbox stand-alone, you can either install one of these screensavers, for example DebPkg:xscreensaver (see [[#Screensavers]] below), or use only a screen locker. [shortly explain screen locker] While any of these programs will lock your X session, only some are able to block access to the other virtual consoles as well. See [[Screensaver]] for more information.

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This article is about the Openbox window manager in Debian. It covers the installation and configuration of Openbox and provides some information on how to make use of it.

Introduction

To understand what Openbox actually is, it's important to know the difference between a window manager and a desktop environment.

A window manager is the program which draws on your screen the "boxes" in which other programs are run. A window manager controls how program windows work, look and act. It decides what window decorations to use and gives you a way to move the windows, hide them, resize them, minimize them and close them. It controls what buttons you push to do those things, and what keys you press to make those things happen.

On the other hand, a desktop environment minds the entire desktop. It provides a taskbar, a system tray, a login manager, additional menus or perhaps screensavers and desktop icons. It might include a file manager, a text editor or some other accessory programs, too.

Openbox is a window manager, not a desktop environment. Openbox is only responsible for maintaining the windows you open on your screen -- nothing else. That means installing Openbox won't give you easy menu access to wallpaper options, a taskbar or system panel, or most of those other doo-dads. It does, however, give you a framework to incorporate other programs that do those things -- and usually with a greater degree of freedom over the style and interface.

Openbox can be used alone, without a desktop environment, or it can be used to replace the window manager in a complete desktop environment. Either way is acceptable.

Installation

The easiest way to install Openbox on a Debian system is using Apt. Therefore, become root and enter the following command at the commandline prompt:

# apt-get install openbox

Normally, a right-click desktop menu will automatically be generated for you on installation.

If, however, your desktop menu is not being auto-generated with DebianMenu, you will have to install the menu package:

# apt-get install menu

Running Openbox

From a graphical login manager

To start an Openbox session from KDM, GDM or LightDM, simply choose Openbox from their respective session-type menu.

XDM, however, doesn't offer the luxury of choosing your favorite session type directly from a menu. As long as you are running Openbox only and without any kind of window manager or desktop environment installed previously, there is no problem with that. XDM will use Openbox automatically. For most other cases, you will need to setup a .xsession file in your home directory and add the following line to it to make Openbox the default session type:

exec openbox-session

Alternatively there is the possibility to use the Debian alternatives (see ?update-alternatives) and setup x-session-manager to be Openbox.

From the commandline

To run Openbox from the commandline, setup the .xinitrc file in your home directory and insert the following line:

exec openbox-session

Then execute startx.

Alternatively there is the possibility to use the Debian alternatives (see ?update-alternatives) and setup x-window-manager to be Openbox.

Note: As with the .xsession file above, you don't have to set up .xinitrc if you are using Openbox stand-alone right from the beginning. Just run startx.

Basic configuration

Obconf

ObConf is a small graphical utility which configures Openbox's preferences and configuration settings on the fly.

If you are an Openbox user, you want this package.

# apt-get install obconf

Obmenu

Obmenu is used to configure Openbox menus. It is a graphical alternative to directly editing one's menu.xml file.

# apt-get install obmenu

Wallpapers

As Openbox itself is not capable of managing desktop wallpapers, you will have to use an additional program to set your background image. There are several applications available for that kind of job (see Alternatives section below). The most common is a small lightweight image viewer called feh.

Setting your background image with feh

feh is an imlib2-based image viewer with a number of features, but perhaps the most popular is the ability to draw desktop backgrounds.

The program can be installed via APT with the following command:

# apt-get install feh

Now, pick a wallpaper and try this command in a terminal:

feh --bg-scale /path/to/your/background/image.jpg

Note: Apart from JPEG, feh can also handle a variety of other image file types, including PNG, TIFF and GIF.

Once you have chosen a wallpaper, feh stores its name in a file called .fehbg. That means you can tell it to restore the wallpaper on the next boot by checking that file. Add the following to the autostart.sh file in /etc/xdg/openbox.

#My wallpaper
eval `cat $HOME/.fehbg` &

Random wallpaper

One neat trick available with feh is a random wallpaper on each boot. Create a directory in your home folder called "wallpapers" and put a few background images into it. Then copy the code below into a file called wallpaper.sh and save it anywhere. A good place is ~/.config/openbox

 #! /usr/bin/env sh
 WALLPAPERS="/home/user/wallpapers"

 desktop_bg=$(find "$WALLPAPERS" -type f | shuf | head -n 1) &&
 exec feh --bg-scale "$desktop_bg"

Next, make the script executable.

chmod +x wallpaper.sh

Now add that program to the autostart.sh file, like this.

#Random wallpaper
./pathFromHome/wallpaper.sh

When you log in, the script should be executed, and feh should pick a new wallpaper.

Alternatives

feh isn't the only program that can handle drawing background images. Here are some others:

Additionally, some file managers have the ability of managing your wallpaper, for example:

Desktop icons

iDesk

You can add customizable, clickable icons to your desktop with iDesk.

# apt-get install idesk

Consult the iDesk wiki for instructions on how to configure and use iDesk. For icon sets, you may wish to search the repositories, or download them from third-party customization sites, such as Gnome-Look.org and similar locations.

Rox-Filer

Rox-filer is a file manager, but in addition to handling wallpaper, it also has a pinboard option, and can manage desktop icons. Install rox-filer with this command:

# apt-get install rox-filer

You can set up the pinboard through Rox's menus.

GTK themes

Program GUIs might look ugly if you're working on a pure Openbox system. Install gtk-theme-switch and the gtk2-engines package to give yourself a few more appealing options.

# apt-get install gtk-theme-switch gtk2-engines

Bring up the configuration menu with this command, from a terminal or the Openbox right-click menu.

# gtk-theme-switch2

Be sure to search the repositories for other engines that aren't included in the gtk2-engines package.

You can also try installing a Gnome package that will manage some of the settings for you.

# apt-get install gnome-settings-daemon

If you prefere an Xfce look, try

# apt-get install xfce-mcs-manager

Both of those programs can be added to your Openbox menu, or started from a terminal.

Keyboard shortcuts

Openbox default key combinations

  • Alt-F4 Close the active window

  • Alt-Space Show the client menu for the active window

  • Alt-Tab Cycle between windows on the desktop

  • Alt-Shift-Tab Cycle between windows on the desktop in reverse order

  • Control-Alt-Tab Cycle between panel and desktop windows on the desktop

  • Windows-D Hide all windows to show the desktop

  • Windows-E Run the Konqueror file manager (This is an example of how to run a program with a key binding)

  • Alt-Escape Lower the active window behind other windows, and activate the last window that was in use

  • Windows-F1 Go to the first desktop instantly

  • Windows-F2 Go to the second desktop instantly

  • Windows-F3 Go to the third desktop instantly

  • Windows-F4 Go to the fourth desktop instantly

  • Control-Alt-Left Open the desktop switching dialog, to go to the desktop to the left of the current one

  • Control-Alt-RightOpen the desktop switching dialog, to go to the desktop to the right of the current one

  • Control-Alt-Up Open the desktop switching dialog, to go to the desktop above the current one (This will only be useful if you use a pager to set up a desktop layout with multiple rows)

  • Control-Alt-Down Open the desktop switching dialog, to go to the desktop below the current one (This will only be useful if you use a pager to set up a desktop layout with multiple rows)

  • Shift-Alt-Left Open the desktop switching dialog, to go to the desktop to the left of the current one, and bring the active window with you

  • Shift-Alt-Right Open the desktop switching dialog, to go to the desktop to the right of the current one, and bring the active window with you

  • Shift-Alt-Up Open the desktop switching dialog, to go to the desktop above the current one, and bring the active window with you (This will only be useful if you use a pager to set up a desktop layout with multiple rows)

  • Shift-Alt-Down Open the desktop switching dialog, to go to the desktop below the current one, and bring the active window with you (This will only be useful if you use a pager to set up a desktop layout with multiple rows)

  • Alt-Left mouse button Move a window

  • Alt-Right mouse button Resize a window. The window is resized towards the edge that the mouse is nearest to. So use Alt-Right mouse button in the top right corner of a window to resize that corner.

  • Alt-Scroll wheel Change desktops forward and backward

Configuring key bindings

Keybinding configuration is done manually by editing your rc.xml file, normally found in the ~/.config/openbox directory. Full documentation is available at the project's website.

Screen locking

[rationale on why screen locking isn't trivial]

Within the environment of a desktop application suite, such as KDE, GNOME or LXDE, screen locking will usually be handled through the screensaver application and its respective preference dialog. When using Openbox stand-alone, you can either install one of these screensavers, for example xscreensaver (see #Screensavers below), or use only a screen locker. [shortly explain screen locker] While any of these programs will lock your X session, only some are able to block access to the other virtual consoles as well. See Screensaver for more information.

LightDM and light-locker

When using LightDM, you can use light-locker for locking the screen. It can easily be installed through Apt:

# apt-get install light-locker

light-locker will be activated automatically the next time you log in via LightDM. That means, your screen will be locked whenever it blanks out and you will be redirected to LightDM's greeter, where you will have to enter your password to unlock the screen.

Warning: Do not prevent light-locker from being run automatically upon logging in to an X session by editing or renaming its autostart file (/etc/xdg/autostart/light-locker.desktop). This makes things insecure. Solely running dm-tool lock from within an X session is unsafe, even if you manually run light-locker before doing it. In either case, switching to a virtual console and back into X will make the lock screen disappear and give access to your X session.

Taking screenshots

coming soon...

scrot

coming soon...

xwd and convert

coming soon...

Additional software

File managers

Name

Description

Package information

PCManFM

A fast and lightweight file manager that can draw wallpapers and desktop icons. It is the standard file manager in LXDE.

pcmanfm

Thunar

The fast and lightweight file manager from Xfce

thunar

Gnome Commander

advanced two-pane file manager (GTK-based)

gnome-commander

Xfe

Small, fast and desktop-independent file manager based on X Win Commander

xfe

ROX-Filer

rox-filer

See FileManager for further options and more information.

Text editors

Name

Description

Package information

gedit

GNOME's standard text editor

gedit

Pluma

Pluma was forked from gedit and replaces it in MATE. If you liked gedit before the radical changes in its graphical interface in version 3.12, Pluma will satisfy your needs.

pluma

medit

a lightweight, fast, configurable and quite powerful text editor with few dependencies, good desktop integration (GTK-based) and a user interface simliar to that of Pluma

medit

Leafpad

the minimalistic, small and very fast standard text editor in LXDE

leafpad

Mousepad

the minimalistic, small and very fast standard text editor in Xfce

mousepad

See TextEditor for further options and more information.

Terminal emulators

  • xterm (how to adjust its behaviour)
  • lxterminal (desktop-independent terminal app from LXDE, supports tabs)

Taskbars and pagers

Some people prefer to use a taskbar or pager to keep track of running programs. Here's a list of applications you can add to your Openbox installation that will handle that task for you.

System monitors

If you're looking for a way to display system information, try these nifty programs.

  • gkrellm, which has a number of floating or docked graphical meters and displays

  • adesklets, for similar graphical displays

  • conky, a highly configurable text and graphic output that draws directly to your desktop

  • xmobar, a decent, highly configurable minimalistic status bar

If you're working on Openbox in conjunction with a Gnome installation, you might also look into gdesklets, which features some very polished monitors and meters for desktop display.

Screensavers

If you're building an Openbox desktop with Gnome already installed, you'll probably already have gnome-screensaver in place. Pure Openbox fans might want to install xscreensaver, which is more customizable and has a wider variety of screensavers involved.

Without Gnome or KDE in place, installing xscreensaver needs a couple of extra commands:

# mkdir /usr/share/backgrounds
# apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-gl

The first command sets up a default directory that xscreensaver will look for when it runs. If you don't create that directory, you'll get a string of error messages the first time you set the preferences.

The second command installs xscreensaver and its optional files.

Now add this command to Openbox' autostart.sh file in /etc/xdg/openbox to start the xscreensaver daemon on boot.

xscreensaver -no-splash &

You can access the xscreensaver preferences panel by running xscreensaver-demo from the Openbox menu or from a terminal window.

Miscellaneous

  • XClock, a configurable analog and digital clock for X
  • GtkLP, a Gtk-based frontend for printing administration (using CUPS)

See Also


CategorySoftware CategoryDesktop