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Mesa is an open source 3D computer graphics library that provides implementations of OpenGL, Vulkan, VA-API, OpenCL and other APIs for use with GPU hardware on multiple platforms.
Get informations from Mesa
First, you will need the Mesa utilities:
# apt-get install mesa-utils
Among the mesa tools, glxinfo will help you to know more about the chip that your computer uses.
The command
$ glxinfo | grep OpenGL
will report something similar to this:
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center # The manufacturer OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Haswell Desktop # The type of the chip OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 10.3.2 # The OpenGL version fully supported, here 3.3 thanks to Mesa 10.3.2 . OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30 # The GLSL version fully supported
If in the OpenGL renderer string: you see llvmpipe, that means your CPU is being used for software rendering. In most cases this is unwanted. In order to enable hardware rendering, usually it is enough to install the corresponding firmware package for your gpu, e.g. firmware-amd-graphics or firmware-intel-graphics package from the non-free-firmware repositories. For more driver and debugging information see the GraphicsCard page.
3D acceleration
To determine whether 3D acceleration is working, use the glxinfo tool. Run the following command:
$ glxinfo | grep rendering
The output should be:
direct rendering: Yes
More information
The inxi tool can show more detailed information about available graphics hardware and OpenGL support, useful on systems with more than one GPU. Install and run inxi -G for output something like:
Graphics:
Device-1: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD/ATI] Navi 44 [RX 9060 XT] driver: amdgpu v: kernel
Device-2: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD/ATI] Granite Ridge [Radeon Graphics] driver: amdgpu
v: kernel
Display: unspecified server: X.org v: 1.21.1.16 with: Xwayland v: 24.1.6 driver: X:
loaded: amdgpu unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,radeon,vesa dri: radeonsi gpu: amdgpu tty: 110x28
resolution: 1920x1080
API: EGL v: 1.5 drivers: radeonsi,swrast platforms: gbm,wayland,surfaceless,device
API: OpenGL v: 4.6 compat-v: 4.5 vendor: mesa v: 25.0.7-2 note: console (EGL sourced)
renderer: AMD Radeon Graphics (radeonsi raphael_mendocino LLVM 19.1.7 DRM 3.61
6.12.57+deb13-amd64), AMD Radeon Graphics (radeonsi gfx1200 ACO DRM 3.61
6.12.57+deb13-amd64), llvmpipe (LLVM 19.1.7 256 bits)
API: Vulkan v: 1.4.309 drivers: radv,llvmpipe surfaces: wayland
Info: Tools: api: clinfo, eglinfo, glxinfo, vulkaninfo de: kscreen-console,kscreen-doctor
gpu: corectrl wl: wayland-info x11: xdriinfo, xdpyinfo, xprop, xrandr