translation: [:Manual-HowtoPolish:Polski],[:fr/ManualHowto:Français],[:Manual-HowtoSpanish:Spanish],[:Manual-HowtoDutch:Dutch].
How to install and configure various software on Debian. Step by step.
?TableOfContents(2)
Keywords: Debian GNU Linux, Manual, How To, How-To,howto, Installation, Configuration, Easy, From Windows XP to Debian, Wireless WPA2, anti-spam, fax, Documentation, MoinMoin Wiki, Linux, servers, Windows, Windows NT, Documentation, howto, ?HowTo, vmware, installation, vmwaretools, vmware tools, vm, tools, tool
Debian Services
Installing and Configuring Postfix on Debian
See ["Postfix"]
Debian Postfix and smtp.sbcglobal.yahoo.com
See ["Postfix"]
Ampache (Music Server) on Debian
See ["Ampache"]
MoinMoin Wiki with Apache2 and Mod Python
See ["?ApachePython"]
Fax Server
See ["HylaFax"]
Network Time Synchronization
See ["NTP"]
FTP Server
Install
- Install Ftp Server ("Very secure ftp server")
aptitude update aptitude install vsftpd
- Ftp server has been installed
Configure
- Now configure your server
- Edit /etc/vsftpd.conf
vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
[Optional] Disable Anonymous account by finding the line that says anonymous_enable=YES and make it
anonymous_enable=NO
- [Optional] Allow Write access (upload access). Find and uncomment the following line:
write_enable=YES
[Optional] Add you banner when people log in. Find and uncomment this #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. line and make it:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to example.com FTP service. Enjoy.
- [Optional] Allow local users to log in. Uncomment the following line:
local_enable=YES
Photo Album Server
- Photo album gallery2 server.
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/PhotoAlbumServer
Domain Controller, Samba
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/SambaDomainController
NFS Server
See the Debian Wiki page ["NFSServerSetup"].
VMware Server On Debian
- Very good how-to which didn't require from me any additional configuration to install vmware on debian and then windows xp as a guest os is here:
- See ["VMware"] article.
http://lucasmanual.com/out/Debian-vmware-windows-xp.jpg
VMware Kernel Upgrade
- On an upgrade when your kernel has been updated you need to download the kernel headers and reconfigure vmware.
aptitude update aptitude install linux-headers-$(uname -r) /usr/bin/vmware-config.pl
Debian Anti-Spam Anti-Virus Gateway Email Server
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DebianAntiSpamGatewayEmailServer
RSA Authentication Manager
RSA Authentication Manager (needed for working with RSA's SecurID tokens) doesn't support Debian. Getting it to work in Debian is... a challenge, unless you have this simple 45-step HOWTO: http://discord.ensued.net/install_rsaauthmgr_with_etch_en.txt
- Trust me, 45 steps only seems a lot until you spent 3 days working out what the 45 steps should be...
Debian Printing
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DebianPrinting
Debian Configuration
Change from dhcp to static ip
- edit /etc/network/interfaces
- comment iface eth0 inet dhcp and below type :
iface eth0 inet static [tab]address 192.168.1.200 [tab]network 192.168.1.0 [tab]netmask 255.255.255.0 [tab]broadcast 192.168.1.255 [tab]gateway 192.168.1.1
- Your file should look like:
#iface eth0 inet dhcp iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.200 network 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1
- or
iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.5.200 network 192.168.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.5.255 gateway 192.168.5.254
Subversion
- Svn is a software that manages any type of data. It monitors its changes, lets you update them, and if something went wrong you can go back to previous version with no problems.
- Let's install it on Debian:
apt-cache search svn aptitude install subversion
- Subversion is installed
The story goes like this: I have a project I am working on. It is located at
/home/lucas/my_best_project
- This folder includes
/home/lucas/my_best_project/trunk/install.c /home/lucas/my_best_project/trunk/readme.txt
- I keep my working files in trunk. I want it in subversion now!
- We need to tell subversion where it can store its repositories:
- It will be in
/usr/local/src/
- Now create repository directory:
svnadmin create /usr/local/src/my_best_project
- Now I am going to import my_best_project to svn
svn import /home/lucas/my_best_project file:///usr/local/src/my_best_project -m "initial import"
Folder /home/lucas/my_best_project is not important anymore. SVN is not concerned what you are going to do with it.
Now we need to start working with subversion and we do that by creating a folder where we can work on my best project with subversion. It will be in /home/lucas/new_folder/ We need to go to that folder. And from that folder we issue command:
svn checkout file:///usr/local/src/my_best_project
- Now it created
/home/lucas/new_folder/my_best_project
- This folder contains files I kept in a trunk. I can now work on it and let svn take care the version tracking.
* Optional, you could use subversion over ssh. You need to install subversion on your computer and then:
svn co svn+ssh://your.remote-server.com/usr/local/src/my_best_project
* Done. Now its time to make that tool great.
Multimedia player and codec on Debian
Add the repository from http://www.debian-multimedia.org/mirrors.html to your:
/etc/apt/source.list
Add mirror deb http://mirrors.ecology.uni-kiel.de/debian/debian-multimedia {stable,sarge,testing,etch,unstable,sid} main (for my version it would be:
deb http://mirrors.ecology.uni-kiel.de/debian/debian-multimedia testing main
- [Optional]Add the GPG key:
wget http://www.debian-multimedia.org/pool/main/d/debian-multimedia-keyring/debian-multimedia-keyring_2007.02.14_all.deb dpkg -i debian-multimedia-keyring_2007.02.14_all.deb
- Now install xine:
aptitude update aptitude install xine-ui
- Now install windows file format support:
aptitude install w32codecs
- Done. You can remove the mirror we just entered from sourcelist if you wish to do so.
Ati binary driver
Steps borrowed from [http://michael.susens-schurter.com/blog/2006/11/20/installing-fglrx-ati-drivers-in-debian-etch/ Michael Schurter's blog]. Tips borrowed from [http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_ATI_Drivers Gentoo wiki].
- Step 0: Install the required packages (you may need to add "non-free" to /etc/apt/sources.list)
aptitude update aptitude install fglrx-control fglrx-driver fglrx-kernel-src module-assistant mesa-utils
- Step 1: Change to kernel and kernel module source code directory.
cd /usr/src
- Step 2: Prepare your system to build new kernel modules.
module-assistant prepare
- Step 3: Build the fglrx kernel module.
module-assistant a-i fglrx
- Step 4: Make a copy of your xorg.conf file:
cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.todaysdate
- Step 5: Edit your /etc/X11/xorg.conf file, and set your display driver to fglrx
Locate the device section and add the corresponding lines Section "Device".
Section "Device" Driver "fglrx" Option "VideoOverlay" "on" EndSection
- Driver line is probably currently set to "radeon" or "ati". Remember which name you have because you will use it in step #7.
- Also enable XVideo in Extentions
Section "Extensions" Option "XVideo" "Enable" EndSection
- Step 5: Exit Gnome (or KDE, just get out of X Windows), press ctrl-alt-F1 to get a console, login as root.
- Step 6: Stop Gnome Display Manager:
/etc/init.d/gdm stop
Or KDE Display Manager
/etc/init.d/kdm stop
Or X Display Manager
/etc/init.d/xdm stop
- Step 7: Remove the old kernel module
modprobe -r radeon
- Step 8: Load the new kernel module
modprobe fglrx
- Step 9: Start the Display manager (substitude gdm with kdm or xdm)
/etc/init.d/gdm start
- Step 10: Test the 3d acceleration
glxinfo | grep direct
- Step 11: Test the xvideo extension
xvinfo
Mount Windows Share
- You need to have smbfs installed. If you don't do this:
aptitude update aptitude install smbfs
- To mount windows share drive you need to create a folder:
mkdir somefolder
- As root or with root privilages (su root or sudo)
mount -t smbfs -o username=administrator,password=password //windowsservername/folder /home/lucas/somefolder
If you don' want the password to show up you could do
mount -t smbfs -o username=administrator //windowsservername/folder /home/lucas/somefolder
[Optional] You can replace administrator with your username. You can also replace windowsservername with ip address //192.168.1.10/folder ....
Add a network card
- See if your card is in a list.
lspci -v
- Add a network card by a hardware number. Replace 00:00:..:00 with your harware number. It should be 16 characters.
ifconfig eth1 hw erher 00:00:..:00 uo
Raid 1 Setup
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DebianRAID
Power Users
Sudo
- If sudo command is not installed, install it.
aptitude update aptitude install sudo
- Then run visudo
visudo
Copy root ALL=(ALL) ALL and paste it right below. Then change root to your user name on the pasted line.
yourusername ALL=(ALL) ALL
Disable ssh root access
Edit file sshd_config file
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
On a line where you see Permit root login change it to no
PermitRootLogin no
- Restart or reload ssh
/etc/init.d/ssh force-reload
- This will prevent other users from trying to get guess your password. 100s of lines on your system that look:
Security Events =-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Feb 5 07:21:15 localhost sshd[8586]: Failed password for root from xx.xx.xx.xx port 60618 ssh2 Feb 5 07:21:15 localhost sshd[8588]: Failed password for root from xx.xx.xx.xx port 60637 ssh2
AWStats on Debian
- Install AWStats
aptitude update aptitude awstats
- Configure the apache2 for awstats
- Copy configuration file for apache2.
cp /usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/apache.conf /etc/apache2/conf.d/awstats
Then edit /etc/awstats/awstats.conf file and make sure the file contains (double check the apache2 word)
LogFile="/var/log/apache2/access.log" SiteDomain="mysite.org" LogFormat=1
- Now change a permission on apache log file
chmod o+r /var/log/apache2/access.log
- Make it a default that access.log has these permissions.
Edit the /etc/logrotate.d/apache2 and make sure it has these lines
create 644 root adm
- And
prerotate /usr/lib/cgi-bin/awstats.pl -config=awstats.www.mysite.org.conf -update endscript
- Final file should look similar to :
/var/log/apache2/*.log { weekly missingok rotate 52 compress delaycompress notifempty create 644 root adm sharedscripts prerotate /usr/lib/cgi-bin/awstats.pl -config=awstats.conf -update endscript postrotate if [ -f /var/run/apache2.pid ]; then /etc/init.d/apache2 restart > /dev/null fi endscript }
- Reload apache
/etc/init.d/apache2 reload
- And visit:
http://localhost/cgi-bin/awstats.pl?config=awstat.conf or http://www.mysite.com/cgi-bin/awstats.pl?config=awstat.conf [Optional]
To make it easier to remember the address you can edit /etc/apache2/conf.d/awstats and add this line.
RedirectMatch ^/logs /cgi-bin/awstats.pl?config=awstat.conf
- Now you can access the awstats statistics by going to
- Done.
Debian User Configuration
Change default editor
- Install your editor
- Example:
aptitude update aptitude install vim
- Run configuration change
update-alternatives --config editor
- From a list pick your editor. And you are done.
Change default pdf viewer
- Install your pdf viewer
- Click right mouse button on a pdf file
Change: 'Properties -> Open with' to your favorite pdf viewer.
Java Runtime Enviroment (JRE)
You will need to add 'non-free' to your /etc/apt/source.list then do:
aptitude update aptitude install sun-java5-jre aptitude install sun-java5-plugin
- If you want you can take away 'non-free' when done, and do aptitude update
Flash player
- Flash player for Debian Linux
- Add non-free to your source list /etc/apt/source.list
aptitude update aptitude install flashplugin-nonfree
- If for some reson your flash plugin still doesn't work, try this:
Download flashplayer.tar.gz file from http://www.adobe.com/products/flashplayer/
- Extract it.
- And move one of the files over to the folder:
cp /home/lucas/Desktop/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/ cd /usr/lib/iceweasel/plugins/ ln -s /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so
- Restart Firefox/iceweasel
Laptop and Debian
Intel ipw2200 wireless card
- Due to FCC or other frequency radiation levels restrictions, we need to download firmware from: (click agree on the bottom)
http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/firmware.php?fid=7
- Untar it
tar xzvf ipw2200-fw-3.0.tgz -C /lib/firmware mv /lib/firware/ipw2200-fw-3.0/* /lib/firmware
- Drivers come with kernel so let's install modules for ipw2200
- Find out what is the kernel version you have.
uname -a
- Replace 2.6.18-5-486 with the version you have.
aptitude update aptitude install ipw2200-modules-2.6.18-5-486 or aptitude install ipw2200-modules-$(uname -r)
- Then this will tell you a list of wireless devices:
iwconfig
- Done. In my case wireless card was attached to eth2
Authenticate with wpa using PSK TKIP
* Install wpasupplicant
aptitude update aptitude install wpasupplicant
* Open /etc/network/interfaces
vi /etc/network/interfaces
*If you see "iface eth2..." add the following lines, but change ssid and password:
iface eth2 inet dhcp wpa-ssid thisismynetworkname wpa-key_mgmt WPA-PSK wpa-proto WPA wpa-pairwise TKIP wpa-group TKIP wpa-psk thisismypassword wpa-driver wext
*Exit, and now type:
ifup eth2
*Done. If you want you your wireless card to connect each time you boot your computer add this above "iface eth2.."
auto eth2
*Done. [Optional](see the [:WPA:WPA page] for status on wpa support in debian)
Broadcom (Dell) Wireless Card 1390
See: bcm43xx
Intel Graphic card - Higher reolution
- install 915resolution
aptitude install 915resolution
- See what resolutions are available
915resolution -l
If the resolution you desire is not listed you will need to dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg and add new resolutions.
- For example (using mode 5c (1920x1440):
sudo 915resolution 5c 1280 800 24
User Manuals
DVD9 to DVD5
[http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DVD9toDVD5 DVD9toDVD5]
DVD9 to AVI
[http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DVD9toAVI DVD9toAVI]
rsync
[http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/rsync rsync]
Troubleshooting
SSH terminal connection timeout
- If you get an error:
Read from remote host example.com: Connection reset by peer Connection to example.com closed
- Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and add:
ClientAliveInterval 150
Dynamic MMap ran out of room
- If you see an error like:
{{{Reading package lists... Error! E: Dynamic MMap ran out of room E: Error occurred while processing vlc (?NewVersion1) }}}
apt-get update -o APT::Cache-Limit=25165824
Useful Debian Programs
Photo and Image
* Digikam, for all your digital camera needs
aptitude update aptitude install digikam
CD and DVD
* K3B, for burning cd/dvd.
aptitude update aptitude install k3b
Players and Viewers
Flash
For Flash support you need to add contirib to your apt source list , then
aptitude update aptitude install flashplugin-nonfree
Debian inside VMWare
VMWare Tools Installation
--> Adjust the version number of VMWare-Tools in the commands below to your needs!
Become root
su
Unmount the ISO from which you installed debian in VMWare
umount /dev/cdrom
Start the VMWare Tools installation from the Menu of VMWare and select Install VMWare Tools... Mount the CD with VMWare Tools
mount /dev/cdrom
Copy the VMWare Tool File from the CD to folder tmp
cp /media/cdrom/VMwareTools-6.0.2-59824.tar.gz /tmp
Change to folder tmp
cd /tmp
Unzip The file
gzip -d VMWareTools-6.0.2-59824.tar.gz tar xf VMWareTools-6.0.2-59824.tar
Delete files we don't need anymore
rm /tmp/VMWareTools-6.0.2-59824.*
Download and install the linux headers
aptitude install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
Download and install gcc
aptitude install gcc
Start the installation
/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib/vmware-install.pl
Accept all suggestions or modify them to your needs
Previous (aborted) installation
Not tested. In case of an aborted installation you can try this before you try to install again.
su /usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
Configure VMWare Tools
su /usr/bin/vmware-toolbox