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== VMware Server On Debian == *Very good how-to which didn't require from me any additional configuration to install vmware on debian and then windows xp as a guest os is here: http://www.howtoforge.com/debian_etch_vmware_server_howto |
Visit http://www.lucasmanual.com/mywiki/ for up to date manual
How to install and configure various software on Debian. Step by step.
?TableOfContents(2) Keywords: Debian GNU Linux, Manual, How To, How-To, Installation, Configuration, Easy, From Windows XP to Debian, Wireless WPA2, anti-spam, fax, Documentation, MoinMoin Wiki, Linux, servers, Windows, Windows NT, Documentation
Debian Services
Installing and Configuring Postfix on Debian
- Install postfix (this will remove exim since there can't be two mail systems)(If you have a website, choose internet site if configurations will ask):
apt-get install postfix
- Check the log mail.log, mail.err, mail.info, mail.warn to see if postfix runs.
cat /var/log/mail.log
- Configure: Now add your domain to config files, so others can't abuse your mailsystem. We do it with postconf
postconf -e "myorgin = example.com"
- Now add your hostname (computer name). Use command "hostname" if not sure. It will show your hostname.
postconf -e "myhostname=server1.example.com"
- Now add domain name that your system will handle.
postconf -e "relay_domains = example.com, example2.com, example3.com"
- Reload Postfix Server:
postfix reload
- Let's test our mailserver. Type
telnet localhost 25
- You should see:
Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost.localdomain. Escape character is '^]'. 220 server1.example.com ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU)
- Now sent an email to yourself:
mail from:<you@youremail.com> rcpt to:<user@example.com> data To: user@example.com From: you@youremail.com Subject: Hey my first email This is my first email on debian postfix after installing configuring it. It was easy. See you
- Now to end data hit enter, type in a dot, and hit enter again:
.
- Then
quit
- Your are done. you can type "mail" and see if you have some.
- Now let's get to next step:
- If you have a router with firewall you will need to enable port 25 and forward that port to your computer.
- You will need to enter your MX records in your domain provider. (ex. godaddy.com, or dnspark.com)
Check your mx records: go to http://www.iptools.com/ locate "DNS lookup". From pulldown menu select "MX". Type in your domain name (ex. example.com). You should see some records there. If you don't see any MX records go back to previus step. You have to have MX record otherwise other computers won't be able to see you when sending emails.
- Usefull commands:
qshape mailq qshape deferred postsuper postsuper -r ALL (requeue all emails)
- You should be set. If your isp is blocking the traffic then you might need to do the following:
Debian Postfix and smtp.sbcglobal.yahoo.com
- SBC global block port 25 on its DSL users:client tools on your box. Now you can checkout the repository:
- We will use sbc smtp server via authentication to sent emails. Do this:
- Install these two modules (They tell postfix how to authenticate):
apt-get postfix-tls libsasl2-modules
- ADD to main.cf by using postconf. Just type:
postconf -e "relayhost = [smtp.sbcglobal.yahoo.com]" postconf -e "smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes" postconf -e "smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd" postconf -e "smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous"
- Create a file called sasl_passwd in /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd. Inside type in
[smtp.sbcglobal.yahoo.com] username@sbcglobal.net:mypassword
- Now change permisions so others can't read it:
chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
- Now postmap it. (creates database-like file so postfix can read it)
postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
- Restart postfix
postfix reload
- Done. You can use "mutt" to sent emails outside. Check /var/log/mail.log to see if everything is working.
Mailman with Postfix
- Install mailman:
apt-get install mailman
- When done type:
newlist mailman
- Start mailman
/etc/init.d/mailman start
- You should be able to see mailman running now. Visit:
- Because postfix is a secondary choice for Debian we need to add:
- Edit /etc/postfix/main.cf; where you see "relay_domains" add lists.yourdomain.com. You would get something like this:
relay_domains = example.com, lists.example.com
- In same file add ,hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases after alias_maps
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases,hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases
- Now type:
postconf -e "transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport" postconf -e "mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1"
- In /etc/postfix/master.cf add:
mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/var/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user}
- Edit or create /etc/postfix/transport. Add this line:
lists.example.com mailman:
- Then postmap it:
postmap /etc/postfix/transport
- Now edit /etc/mailman/mm_cfg.py and add:
MTA = 'Postfix' DEB_LISTMASTER = 'postmaster@example.com' POSTFIX_STYLE_VIRTUAL_DOMAIN = ['lists.example.com']
- Done. Now restart postfix, mailman
/etc/init.d/postfix reload /etc/init.d/mailman restart
- Create a mailing list:
newlist list_name
- If you want archives add this to /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Alias /pipermail/ /var/lib/mailman/archives/public/ Alias /images/mailman/ /usr/share/images/mailman/
- Done. Go to
http://lists.yourwebsite.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/list_name/
Ampache (Music Server) on Debian
- Ampache the music server.
- We need apache and php. If this is not installed we need to install it. do "apt-cache policy apache2" to see if it is installed. (apache 1 will work too)
apt-get install apache2 apt-get install php5 php5-mysql php5-gd
- Download ampache and extract it
wget http://www.ampache.org/downloads/current.tar.gz tar -xzvf current.tar.gz
- Move the extracted ampache folder to the correct folder (change the version number to match yours):
mv ampache-3.3-beta4 /usr/local/bin/ampache cd /usr/local/bin/ampache
- Change permissions so the apache server can read ampache files
chown -R www-data:www-data /usr/local/bin/ampache
- Create and edit ampache file for apache(the webserver). This will tell apache2 about ampache: "/etc/apache2/conf.d/ampache":
Alias /ampache "/usr/local/bin/ampache/" <directory /> DirectoryIndex index.php index.html Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </directory>
* Optional, you could change Alias from /ampache "/usr/local/bin/ampache/" to something like
Alias /musiclover "/usr/local/bin/ampache/"
- Restart apache
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
- Now apache needs mysql. If you have one go to next step. Otherwise install it:
apt-get install mysql-server
- Almost done. Now go to this link and follow directions.(enter your database password and press install.)
http://localhost/ampache/install.php
- Done. Enjoy
- When you add music. www-data needs to be able to read your music. So you need to add www-data to group permissions. This can be done by:
chgrp -R www-data /path/to/mymusic/*
- or in my case i created group users
addgroup users chgrp -R users path/to/mymusic/* adduser www-data users
- Done. Amapche uses around 20kb of bandwith per stream per user.
Mod Python and PSP
- Installing python scripting pages with mod python on debian and apache2
apt-get update apt-get install libapache2-mod-python
- Module should be enabled, to check type:
a2enmod mod_python
- Enable psp support by adding following in /etc/apache2/httpd.conf :
AddHandler mod_python .psp .psp_ PythonHandler mod_python.psp
- Your final httpd.conf should look something like this:
<Directory "/var/www/pspwebsite/folder"> AddHandler mod_python .psp .psp_ PythonHandler mod_python.psp PythonDebug On Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all DirectoryIndex index.psp </Directory>
- Save the file and reload apache:
/etc/init.d/apache2 reload
- Done enjoy.
MoinMoin Wiki with Apache2 and Mod Python
Apache2 and mod_python should be installed by now. If not do
apt-get update apt-get install apache2 apt-get install libapache2-mod-python
Now Install moinmoin wiki.
apt-get install python-moinmoin mkdir /var/www/mywiki cp -r /usr/share/moin/data /usr/share/moin/underlay /usr/share/moin/server/moin.cgi /var/www/mywiki chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/mywiki
- Configure apache2
- Add the following lines to /etc/apache2/conf.d/wiki:
Alias /wiki/ "/usr/share/moin/htdocs/" <Location /mywiki> SetHandler python-program PythonPath "['/var/www/mywiki','/etc/moin/']+sys.path" PythonHandler MoinMoin.request::RequestModPy.run PythonDebug On </Location>
- Reload apache2
/etc/init.d/apache2 reload
- Configure Moinmoin
- Edit /etc/moin/farmconfig.py. You have 2 options.
wikis = [ ("mywiki", r"^yoursite.com/mywiki/.*$"), ]
or
wikis = [ ("mywiki", r".*"), # this is ok for a single wiki ]
- Also, in /etc/moin/farmconfig.py comment out data_dir and data_underlay_dir (we need those defined separately for each wiki)
- Copy this file if it exists. Otherwise move on to editing mywiki.py
cp /etc/moin/moinmaster.py /etc/moin/mywiki.py
- Then edit /etc/moin/mywiki.py
sitename = u'MyWiki' # [Unicode] data_dir = '/var/www/mywiki/data' data_underlay_dir = '/var/www/mywiki/underlay'
- Comment out data_dir if it is somewhere else in a file
Enjoy your new wiki at http://yoursite.com/mywiki/
If you want your default website to go to mywiki, edit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default, and where you see ?RedirectMatch do"
#RedirectMatch ^/$ /apache2-default/ RedirectMatch ^/$ /mywiki/
- Done.
- [Optional]If you would like to enable file attachment add this to /etc/moin/mywiki.py, right below previus changes. Namely right under data_underlay
allowed_actions = ['AttachFile']
Debian Anti-Spam Anti-Virus Gateway Email Server
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DebianAntiSpamGatewayEmailServer
Fax Server
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/FaxServer
Network Time Synchronization
- NTP Date
Network Time Protocol
- This will keep you system date with exact match to actual date.
- Type date to see current date and time
date
- Install NTP
apt-get install ntpdate
- Done.
Type date again to see if the time changed.
- [Optional]If you would like to add a server that is closer to you and you know its address. You could type:
/etc/init.d/ntp-server stop ntpdate clock.fmt.he.net ntpdate ntp1.tummy.com /etc/init.d/ntp-server start
FTP Server
Install
- Install Ftp Server ("Very secure ftp server")
apt-get update apt-get install vsftpd
- Ftp server has been installed
Configure
- Now configure your server
- Edit /etc/vsftpd.conf
vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
[Optional] Disable Anonymous account by finding the line that says anonymous_enable=YES and make it
anonymous_enable=NO
- [Optional] Allow Write access (upload access). Find and uncomment the following line:
write_enable=YES
[Optional] Add you banner when people log in. Find and uncomment this #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. line and make it:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to example.com FTP service. Enjoy.
- [Optional] Allow local users to log in. Uncomment the following line:
local_enable=YES
Photo Album Server
- Photo album gallery2 server.
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/PhotoAlbumServer
Domain Controller, Samba
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/SambaDomainController
NFS Server
See the Debian Wiki page ["NFSServerSetup"].
VMware Server On Debian
- Very good how-to which didn't require from me any additional configuration to install vmware on debian and then windows xp as a guest os is here:
http://www.howtoforge.com/debian_etch_vmware_server_howto
Debian Printing
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DebianPrinting
Debian Configuration
Change from dhcp to static ip
- edit /etc/network/interfaces
- comment iface eth0 inet dhcp and below type :
iface eth0 inet static [tab]address 192.168.1.200 [tab]network 192.168.1.0 [tab]netmask 255.255.255.0 [tab]broadcast 192.168.1.255 [tab]gateway 192.168.1.1
- Your file should look like:
#iface eth0 inet dhcp iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.200 network 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1
- or
iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.5.200 network 192.168.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.5.255 gateway 192.168.5.254
Subversion
- Svn is a software that manages any type of data. It monitors its changes, lets you update them, and if something went wrong you can go back to previous version with no problems.
- Let's install it on Debian:
apt-cache search svn apt-get install subversion
- Subversion is installed
The story goes like this: I have a project I am working on. It is located at
/home/lucas/my_best_project
- This folder includes
/home/lucas/my_best_project/trunk/install.c /home/lucas/my_best_project/trunk/readme.txt
- I keep my working files in trunk. I want it in subversion now!
- We need to tell subversion where it can store its repositories:
- It will be in
/usr/local/src/
- Now create repository directory:
svnadmin create /usr/local/src/my_best_project
- Now I am going to import my_best_project to svn
svn import /home/lucas/my_best_project file:///usr/local/src/my_best_project -m "initial import"
Folder /home/lucas/my_best_project is not important anymore. SVN is not concerned what you are going to do with it.
Now we need to start working with subversion and we do that by creating a folder where we can work on my best project with subversion. It will be in /home/lucas/new_folder/ We need to go to that folder. And from that folder we issue command:
svn checkout file:///usr/local/src/my_best_project
- Now it created
/home/lucas/new_folder/my_best_project
- This folder contains files I kept in a trunk. I can now work on it and let svn take care the version tracking.
* Optional, you could use subversion over ssh. You need to install subversion on your computer and then:
svn co svn+ssh://your.remote-server.com/usr/local/src/my_best_project
* Done. Now its time to make that tool great.
Multimedia player and codec on Debian
Add the repository from http://www.debian-multimedia.org/mirrors.html to your:
/etc/apt/source.list
Add mirror deb http://mirrors.ecology.uni-kiel.de/debian/debian-multimedia {stable,sarge,testing,etch,unstable,sid} main (for my version it would be:
deb http://mirrors.ecology.uni-kiel.de/debian/debian-multimedia testing main
- [Optional]Add the GPG key:
wget http://www.debian-multimedia.org/pool/main/d/debian-multimedia-keyring/debian-multimedia-keyring_2007.02.14_all.deb dpkg -i debian-multimedia-keyring_2007.02.14_all.deb
- Now install xine:
apt-get update apt-get install xine-ui
- Now install windows file format support:
apt-get install w32codecs
- Done. You can remove the mirror we just entered from sourcelist if you wish to do so.
Ati binary driver
Steps borrowed from [http://michael.susens-schurter.com/blog/2006/11/20/installing-fglrx-ati-drivers-in-debian-etch/ Michael Schurter's blog]. Tips borrowed from [http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_ATI_Drivers Gentoo wiki].
- Step 0: Install the required packages (you may need to add "non-free" to /etc/apt/sources.list)
apt-get update apt-get install fglrx-control fglrx-driver fglrx-kernel-src module-assistant mesa-utils
- Step 1: Change to kernel and kernel module source code directory.
cd /usr/src
- Step 2: Prepare your system to build new kernel modules.
module-assistant prepare
- Step 3: Build the fglrx kernel module.
module-assistant a-i fglrx
- Step 4: Make a copy of your xorg.conf file:
cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.todaysdate
- Step 5: Edit your /etc/X11/xorg.conf file, and set your display driver to fglrx
Locate the device section and add the corresponding lines Section "Device".
Section "Device" Driver "fglrx" Option "VideoOverlay" "on" EndSection
- Driver line is probably currently set to "radeon" or "ati". Remember which name you have because you will use it in step #7.
- Also enable XVideo in Extentions
Section "Extensions" Option "XVideo" "Enable" EndSection
- Step 5: Exit Gnome (or KDE, just get out of X Windows), press ctrl-alt-F1 to get a console, login as root.
- Step 6: Stop Gnome Display Manager:
/etc/init.d/gdm stop
Or KDE Display Manager
/etc/init.d/kdm stop
Or X Display Manager
/etc/init.d/xdm stop
- Step 7: Remove the old kernel module
modprobe -r radeon
- Step 8: Load the new kernel module
modprobe fglrx
- Step 9: Start the Display manager (substitude gdm with kdm or xdm)
/etc/init.d/gdm start
- Step 10: Test the 3d acceleration
glxinfo | grep direct
- Step 11: Test the xvideo extension
xvinfo
Mount Windows Share
- You need to have smbfs installed. If you don't do this:
apt-get update apt-get install smbfs
- To mount windows share drive you need to create a folder:
mkdir somefolder
- As root or with root privilages (su root or sudo)
mount -t smbfs -o username=administrator,password=password //windowsservername/folder /home/lucas/somefolder
If you don' want the password to show up you could do
mount -t smbfs -o username=administrator //windowsservername/folder /home/lucas/somefolder
[Optional] You can replace administrator with your username. You can also replace windowsservername with ip address //192.168.1.10/folder ....
Add a network card
- See if your card is in a list.
lspci -v
- Add a network card by a hardware number. Replace 00:00:..:00 with your harware number. It should be 16 characters.
ifconfig eth1 hw erher 00:00:..:00 uo
Raid 1
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DebianRAID
Debian Security
Power Users
Sudo
- If sudo command is not installed, install it.
apt-get update apt-get install sudo
- Then run visudo
visudo
Copy root ALL=(ALL) ALL and paste it right below. Then change root to your user name on the pasted line.
yourusername ALL=(ALL) ALL
Disable ssh root access
Edit file sshd_config file
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
On a line where you see Permit root login change it to no
PermitRootLogin no
- Restart or reload ssh
/etc/init.d/ssh force-reload
- This will prevent other users from trying to get guess your password. 100s of lines on your system that look:
Security Events =-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Feb 5 07:21:15 localhost sshd[8586]: Failed password for root from xx.xx.xx.xx port 60618 ssh2 Feb 5 07:21:15 localhost sshd[8588]: Failed password for root from xx.xx.xx.xx port 60637 ssh2
Laptop and Debian
Intel ipw2200 wireless card
- I believe, due to FCC or other frequency levels restrictions; we need to download firmware from:
http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/firmware.php?fid=7
- Untar it and put the .fw files into /lib/firmware
tar xzvf ipw2200-fw-3.0.tgz -C /lib/firmware mv /lib/firmware/ipw2200-fw-3.0/* /lib/firmware
- Type:
rmmod ipw2200 modprobe ipw2200
- Then this will tell you a list of wireless devices:
iwconfig
- Done. In my case wireless card was attached to eth2
Authenticate with wpa using PSK TKIP
* Install wpasupplicant
apt-get update apt-get install wpasupplicant
* Open /etc/network/interfaces
vi /etc/network/interfaces
*If you see "iface eth2..." add the following lines, but change ssid and password:
iface eth2 inet dhcp wpa-ssid thisismynetworkname wpa-key_mgmt WPA-PSK wpa-proto WPA wpa-pairwise TKIP wpa-group TKIP wpa-psk thisismypassword wpa-driver wext
*Exit, and now type:
ifup eth2
*Done. If you want you your wireless card to connect each time you boot your computer add this above "iface eth2.."
auto eth2
*Done. [Optional](see the [:WPA:WPA page] for status on wpa support in debian)
User Manuals
DVD9 to DVD5
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DVD9toDVD5
DVD9 to AVI
http://lucasmanual.com/mywiki/DVD9toAVI
Troubleshooting
SSH terminal connection timeout
- If you get an error:
Read from remote host example.com: Connection reset by peer Connection to example.com closed
- Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and add:
ClientAliveInterval 150
Useful Debian Programs
Photo and Image
* Digikam, for all your digital camera needs
apt-get update apt-get install digikam
CD and DVD
* K3B, for burning cd/dvd.
apt-get update apt-get install k3b
Players and Viewers
Flash
For Flash support you need to add contirib to your apt source list , then
apt-get update apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree