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Comment: console-data is optional, the keymap with will be dynamically generated ( see setupcon -v, as called by service keyboard-setup restart )
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## More informations on "DebianWiki/EditorGuide" article
## Don't use all this template, just what you need !
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||<tablestyle="width: 100%;" style="border: 0px hidden">~-Translation(s): none-~ ||<style="text-align: right; border: 0px hidden"> (!) [:/Discussion:Discussion]||
[[BR]]
||<tablestyle="width: 100%; text-align: center; border: 0px hidden"> http://www.debian.org/logos/openlogo-nd-50.png http://www.debian.org/Pics/debian.png||
||<style="border: 0px hidden">~+inline:Portal/IDB/logo_portal.png Welcome to ["Debian"] Keyboard+~||
~-[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: English - [[fr/Keyboard|Français]] - [[it/Keyboard|Italiano]] - [[ru/Keyboard|Русский]] -~
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inline:Portal/IDB/icon-template-32x32.png This portal talk about keyboards. Technical language could be used, but explained.
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||<style="border: 0px hidden">~+{{attachment:Portal/IDB/logo_portal.png}} Welcome to the [[Debian]] portal for keyboard information +~||
## For long page, you can use a TOC
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## For long portal, you can use a TOC
## [[TableOfContents(2)]]
== Keyboard configuration ==
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 * [:/MultimediaKeys:Configure additionnal multimedia key] To configure the keyboard, you have to install following packages:
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## == Waiting for rectification ==
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* DebianPkg:keyboard-configuration
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----
## - If this page belongs to an existing Category, add it below.
 CategoryPortal | CategoryKeyboard
The keyboard settings are stored in '''{{{/etc/default/keyboard}}}''' file. It's provided by DebPkg:keyboard-configuration package (it's a part of the DebPkg:console-setup source package), and other packages use this information in order to configure the keyboard on the console or in X Window System.

You can change your keyboard settings using:
{{{
# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
# service keyboard-setup restart
}}}

As usual, it will prompt you for the ''model'' of keyboard (what the keyboard ''*is*''), and then for the keyboard ''layout'' (what the keys should ''*do*''). Use this tool to change your keyboard map, e. g. from ''QWERTY'' to ''QWERTZ'' or to ''Dvorak'', or for non-English layouts.

To apply new settings, restarting the {{{keyboard-setup}}} service should suffice, otherwise you can try to restart kernel input system via udev:
{{{
udevadm trigger --subsystem-match=input --action=change
}}}
or reboot the whole OS.

You can also edit {{{/etc/default/keyboard}}} manually, here's an example:
{{{
# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE

# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.

XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="us,de,fr,ua,ru"
XKBVARIANT=""
XKBOPTIONS="grp:alt_shift_toggle"

BACKSPACE="guess"
}}}

 * XKBMODEL is a keyboard model variable (look at a {{{/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst}}} (plain text) or {{{/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.xml}}} (XML) for a full list);
 * XKBLAYOUT variable contains a list of used layouts;
 * "grp:alt_shift_toggle" sets a layout switching key combination (<Alt>+<Shift>).

See also:
 * [[DebianMan:5/keyboard|keyboard(5)]] man page.
 * Keyboard layout (keymap) section in [[http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch08.en.html#_the_keyboard_input|debian-reference]] ("{{{dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low xserver-xorg}}}" command suggested by the page linked above does not work in Squeeze. You may try to add something like "{{{setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle}}}" into {{{~/.xsessionrc}}} instead).
 * [[/MultimediaKeys|Configure additional multimedia keys]].

== How to set keyboard layout in initramfs ==

The appropriate section of {{{/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf}}} needs to be changed to have a localized keyboard layout at boot time:
{{{
#
# KEYMAP: [ y | n ]
#
# Load a keymap during the initramfs stage.
#

KEYMAP=y
}}}

Apply changes:
{{{
# update-initramfs -u
}}}

== How to enable USB keyboard in initramfs ==

The initramfs-tools must include the {{{usbhid}}} module and its dependencies for USB keyboard support at boot time. Either the configuration file {{{/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/driver-policy}}} must include most modules, or they will have to be specified in another file:
{{{
#
# MODULES: [ most | netboot | dep | list ]
#
# most - Add most filesystem and all harddrive drivers.
#
# dep - Try and guess which modules to load.
#
# netboot - Add the base modules, network modules, but skip block devices.
#
# list - Only include modules from the 'additional modules' list
#

MODULES=most
}}}

If the configuration above was not set to include most modules, then the necessary modules have to be specified in the file {{{/etc/initramfs-tools/modules}}}:
{{{
# USB keyboard at boot
usbcore
uhci_hcd
ehci_hcd
usbhid
}}}

Apply changes:
{{{
# update-initramfs -u
}}}

== How to switch a keyboard layout in X11 / graphical desktop environment ==

Use your favorite desktop keyboard layout switcher applet.
You can also switch the layout from the terminal, e. g.:
{{{
$ setxkbmap de
$ setxkbmap fr
$ setxkbmap us
}}}

Of special interest for keyboard hardware with us layout might be the ''altgr-intl'' variant (this provides a simple !AltGr mapping for many umlauts and special symbols):
{{{
$ setxkbmap -rules evdev -model evdev -layout us -variant altgr-intl
}}}
or
{{{
$ setxkbmap -model pc105 -layout us -variant altgr-intl
}}}

To configure a simple key for toggling between multiple configured keyboard layouts, see Option !XkbOptions in Section !InputClass somewhere within the xorg config file collection (see [[https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/solved-setxkbmap-xinitrc.48412/#post-270733|[SOLVED] Setxkbmap .xinitrc]]).

Translation(s): English - Français - Italiano - Русский


http://www.debian.org/logos/openlogo-nd-50.png http://www.debian.org/Pics/debian.png

Portal/IDB/logo_portal.png Welcome to the Debian portal for keyboard information

Keyboard configuration

To configure the keyboard, you have to install following packages:

* keyboard-configuration

The keyboard settings are stored in /etc/default/keyboard file. It's provided by keyboard-configuration package (it's a part of the console-setup source package), and other packages use this information in order to configure the keyboard on the console or in X Window System.

You can change your keyboard settings using:

# dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
# service keyboard-setup restart

As usual, it will prompt you for the model of keyboard (what the keyboard *is*), and then for the keyboard layout (what the keys should *do*). Use this tool to change your keyboard map, e. g. from QWERTY to QWERTZ or to Dvorak, or for non-English layouts.

To apply new settings, restarting the keyboard-setup service should suffice, otherwise you can try to restart kernel input system via udev:

udevadm trigger --subsystem-match=input --action=change

or reboot the whole OS.

You can also edit /etc/default/keyboard manually, here's an example:

# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE

# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.

XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="us,de,fr,ua,ru"
XKBVARIANT=""
XKBOPTIONS="grp:alt_shift_toggle"

BACKSPACE="guess"
  • XKBMODEL is a keyboard model variable (look at a /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst (plain text) or /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.xml (XML) for a full list);

  • XKBLAYOUT variable contains a list of used layouts;
  • "grp:alt_shift_toggle" sets a layout switching key combination (<Alt>+<Shift>).

See also:

  • keyboard(5) man page.

  • Keyboard layout (keymap) section in debian-reference ("dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low xserver-xorg" command suggested by the page linked above does not work in Squeeze. You may try to add something like "setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle" into ~/.xsessionrc instead).

  • Configure additional multimedia keys.

How to set keyboard layout in initramfs

The appropriate section of /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf needs to be changed to have a localized keyboard layout at boot time:

#
# KEYMAP: [ y | n ]
#
# Load a keymap during the initramfs stage.
#

KEYMAP=y

Apply changes:

# update-initramfs -u

How to enable USB keyboard in initramfs

The initramfs-tools must include the usbhid module and its dependencies for USB keyboard support at boot time. Either the configuration file /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/driver-policy must include most modules, or they will have to be specified in another file:

#
# MODULES: [ most | netboot | dep | list ]
#
# most - Add most filesystem and all harddrive drivers.
#
# dep - Try and guess which modules to load.
#
# netboot - Add the base modules, network modules, but skip block devices.
#
# list - Only include modules from the 'additional modules' list
#

MODULES=most

If the configuration above was not set to include most modules, then the necessary modules have to be specified in the file /etc/initramfs-tools/modules:

# USB keyboard at boot
usbcore
uhci_hcd
ehci_hcd
usbhid

Apply changes:

# update-initramfs -u

How to switch a keyboard layout in X11 / graphical desktop environment

Use your favorite desktop keyboard layout switcher applet. You can also switch the layout from the terminal, e. g.:

$ setxkbmap de
$ setxkbmap fr
$ setxkbmap us

Of special interest for keyboard hardware with us layout might be the altgr-intl variant (this provides a simple AltGr mapping for many umlauts and special symbols):

$ setxkbmap -rules evdev -model evdev -layout us -variant altgr-intl

or

$ setxkbmap -model pc105 -layout us -variant altgr-intl

To configure a simple key for toggling between multiple configured keyboard layouts, see Option XkbOptions in Section InputClass somewhere within the xorg config file collection (see [SOLVED] Setxkbmap .xinitrc).