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##language en

Many devices require a firmware to operate. In most case, that firmware is built-into the device's ROM or Flash memory, but for some devices, that firmware has to be loaded into the device by the driver.

Some of these firmware are free and open-source, and some of them are ''non-free'' (which means that you need to add the {{{non-free}}} component to {{{/etc/apt/sources.list}}}).

== Location of the firmwares ==
Most of those firmware are available in {{{non-free}}} or {{{contrib}}} components (see [[DebianMan:5/sources.list|sources.list(5)]], or [[http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/ch-basico.html|apt-howto]]).
 #language en

##The paragraph below is an abstract (citation) of Wikipedia's Firmware page.
Firmware refers to embedded software which controls electronic devices. Well-defined boundaries between firmware and software do not exist, as both terms cover some of the same code. Typically, the term firmware deals with low-level operations in a device, without which the device would be completely non-functional... ~-(read more on [[WikiPedia:Firmware|Wikipedia]])-~.

<<TableOfContents(3)>>

== Devices/Drivers Firmware ==
Many devices require a firmware to operate. Historically, firmware were built-into the device's ROM or Flash memory, but more and more often, the firmware has to be loaded into the device by the driver during the device initialization.

Some of these firmware are free and open-source, and some of them are ''non-free'' (which means that you need to add the {{{non-free}}} and {{{contrib}}} components to {{{/etc/apt/sources.list}}}, see [[DebianMan:5/sources.list|sources.list(5)]], or [[http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/ch-basico.html|apt-howto]]).).

=== Location of the firmwares ===
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 * {{{/usr/lib/hotplug/firmware}}} - Firmware provided by a package, valid for all kernels
 * {{{/lib/firmware/`uname -r`/lib/firmware}}} - Firmware provided by a package, specific for a kernel - new in DebianSqueeze.
 * {{{/usr/local/lib/firmware}}} - Location for manually installed firmware.


== List of firmware in linux Kernel ==

List of modules that requires non-free firmware, with the associated module name.
  1. {{{/lib/firmware/}}} - Firmware provided by a package, valid for all kernels - up-to DebianLenny.
 1. {{{/usr/local/lib/firmware}}} - Location for manually installed firmware.
 1. {{{/usr/lib/hotplug/firmware}}} - Firmware provided by a package, valid for all kernels
 1. {{{/lib/firmware/`uname -r`/lib/firmware}}} - Firmware provided by a package, specific for a kernel - new in DebianSqueeze??.

=== List of firmware in linux kernel ===

{{{#!wiki note
To find which package provide a given firmware file, you can use this search page:<<BR>>
[[http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_contents]]
}}}
Here's a list of Linux modules that requires a firmware to operate, generated automatically from [[DebianLenny|Lenny]]'s linux 2.6.26-686 kernel.


Note: this list may not be complete (because the firmware name can't be extracted reliably).
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##cat /tmp/modules | while read m ; do s=${m##*/} ; modinfo $m | grep -E '^(description|firmware)' | sort | sed -e "s#^description:[[:blank:]]*\(.*\)#\n=== $s ===\n''\1''#" -e 's#^firmware:[[:blank:]]*\(.*\)# * [http://packages.debian.org/file:\1 /var/firmware/\1]#' ; done ##cat /tmp/modules | while read m ; do s=${m##*/} ; modinfo $m | grep -E '^(description|firmware)' | sort | sed -e "s#^description:[[:blank:]]*\(.*\)#\n==== $s ====\n''\1''#" -e 's#^firmware:[[:blank:]]*\(.*\)# * [http://packages.debian.org/file:\1 /var/firmware/\1]#' ; done
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=== microcode.ko === ==== microcode.ko ====
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=== bcm203x.ko === ==== bcm203x.ko ====
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=== bfusb.ko === ==== bfusb.ko ====
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=== bt3c_cs.ko === ==== bt3c_cs.ko ====
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=== ip2.ko === ==== ip2.ko ====
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=== ip2.ko === ==== ip2.ko ====
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=== dell_rbu.ko === ==== dell_rbu.ko ====
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=== tuner-xc2028.ko === ==== tuner-xc2028.ko ====
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=== xc5000.ko === ==== xc5000.ko ====
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=== b2c2-flexcop.ko === ==== b2c2-flexcop.ko ====
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=== dvb-bt8xx.ko === ==== dvb-bt8xx.ko ====
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=== dvb-usb-gp8psk.ko === ==== dvb-usb-gp8psk.ko ====
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=== dvb-usb.ko === ==== dvb-usb.ko ====
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=== dvb-usb-opera.ko === ==== dvb-usb-opera.ko ====
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=== bcm3510.ko === ==== bcm3510.ko ====
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=== nxt200x.ko === ==== nxt200x.ko ====
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=== or51132.ko === ==== or51132.ko ====
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=== or51211.ko === ==== or51211.ko ====
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=== sp8870.ko === ==== sp8870.ko ====
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=== sp887x.ko === ==== sp887x.ko ====
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=== tda10048.ko === ==== tda10048.ko ====
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=== tda1004x.ko === ==== tda1004x.ko ====
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=== pluto2.ko === ==== pluto2.ko ====
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=== budget-av.ko === ==== budget-av.ko ====
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=== budget-ci.ko === ==== budget-ci.ko ====
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=== dvb-ttpci.ko === ==== dvb-ttpci.ko ====
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=== ttusb_dec.ko === ==== ttusb_dec.ko ====
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=== bttv.ko === ==== bttv.ko ====
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=== cx18.ko === ==== cx18.ko ====
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=== cx23885.ko === ==== cx23885.ko ====
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=== cx23885.ko === ==== cx23885.ko ====
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=== cx25840.ko === ==== cx25840.ko ====
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=== cx88-blackbird.ko === ==== cx88-blackbird.ko ====
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=== ivtv.ko === ==== ivtv.ko ====
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=== pvrusb2.ko === ==== pvrusb2.ko ====
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=== acenic.ko === ==== acenic.ko ====
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=== bnx2.ko === ==== bnx2.ko ====
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=== cxgb3.ko === ==== cxgb3.ko ====
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=== irda-usb.ko === ==== irda-usb.ko ====
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=== myri10ge.ko === ==== myri10ge.ko ====
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=== at76_usb.ko === ==== at76_usb.ko ====
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=== atmel.ko === ==== atmel.ko ====
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=== b43.ko === ==== b43.ko ====
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=== b43legacy.ko === ==== b43legacy.ko ====
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=== ipw2100.ko === ==== ipw2100.ko ====
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=== ipw2200.ko === ==== ipw2200.ko ====
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=== iwl3945.ko === ==== iwl3945.ko ====
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=== iwl4965.ko === ==== iwl4965.ko ====
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=== libertas_cs.ko === ==== libertas_cs.ko ====
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=== libertas_sdio.ko === ==== libertas_sdio.ko ====
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=== usb8xxx.ko === ==== usb8xxx.ko ====
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=== p54pci.ko === ==== p54pci.ko ====
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=== p54usb.ko === ==== p54usb.ko ====
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=== rt2x00lib.ko === ==== rt2x00lib.ko ====
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=== rt61pci.ko === ==== rt61pci.ko ====
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=== rt73usb.ko === ==== rt73usb.ko ====
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=== spectrum_cs.ko === ==== spectrum_cs.ko ====
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=== zd1201.ko === ==== zd1201.ko ====
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=== zd1211rw.ko === ==== zd1211rw.ko ====
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=== pcmcia.ko === ==== pcmcia.ko ====
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=== aic94xx.ko === ==== aic94xx.ko ====
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=== ipr.ko === ==== ipr.ko ====
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=== libsas.ko === ==== libsas.ko ====
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=== qla2xxx.ko === ==== qla2xxx.ko ====
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=== cxacru.ko === ==== cxacru.ko ====
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=== speedtch.ko === ==== speedtch.ko ====
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=== ueagle-atm.ko === ==== ueagle-atm.ko ====
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=== keyspan.ko === ==== keyspan.ko ====
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=== snd-vx-lib.ko === ==== snd-vx-lib.ko ====
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=== snd-wavefront.ko === ==== snd-wavefront.ko ====
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=== pss.ko === ==== pss.ko ====
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=== snd-darla20.ko === ==== snd-darla20.ko ====
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=== snd-darla24.ko === ==== snd-darla24.ko ====
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=== snd-echo3g.ko === ==== snd-echo3g.ko ====
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=== snd-gina20.ko === ==== snd-gina20.ko ====
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=== snd-gina24.ko === ==== snd-gina24.ko ====
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=== snd-indigodj.ko === ==== snd-indigodj.ko ====
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=== snd-indigoio.ko === ==== snd-indigoio.ko ====
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=== snd-indigo.ko === ==== snd-indigo.ko ====
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=== snd-layla20.ko === ==== snd-layla20.ko ====
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=== snd-layla24.ko === ==== snd-layla24.ko ====
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=== snd-mia.ko === ==== snd-mia.ko ====
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=== snd-mona.ko === ==== snd-mona.ko ====
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=== snd-emu10k1.ko === ==== snd-emu10k1.ko ====
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=== snd-korg1212.ko === ==== snd-korg1212.ko ====
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=== snd-mixart.ko === ==== snd-mixart.ko ====
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=== snd-pcxhr.ko === ==== snd-pcxhr.ko ====
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=== snd-riptide.ko === ==== snd-riptide.ko ====
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=== snd-hdsp.ko === ==== snd-hdsp.ko ====
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=== snd-maestro3.ko === ==== snd-maestro3.ko ====
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=== snd-ymfpci.ko === ==== snd-ymfpci.ko ====

Firmware refers to embedded software which controls electronic devices. Well-defined boundaries between firmware and software do not exist, as both terms cover some of the same code. Typically, the term firmware deals with low-level operations in a device, without which the device would be completely non-functional... (read more on Wikipedia).

Contents

  1. Devices/Drivers Firmware
    1. Location of the firmwares
    2. List of firmware in linux kernel

Devices/Drivers Firmware

Many devices require a firmware to operate. Historically, firmware were built-into the device's ROM or Flash memory, but more and more often, the firmware has to be loaded into the device by the driver during the device initialization.

Some of these firmware are free and open-source, and some of them are non-free (which means that you need to add the non-free and contrib components to /etc/apt/sources.list, see sources.list(5), or apt-howto).).

Location of the firmwares

The firmware are stored in the following places (see udev's /lib/udev/hotplug.functions)

  1. /lib/firmware/ - Firmware provided by a package, valid for all kernels - up-to DebianLenny.

  2. /usr/local/lib/firmware - Location for manually installed firmware.

  3. /usr/lib/hotplug/firmware - Firmware provided by a package, valid for all kernels

  4. /lib/firmware/`uname -r`/lib/firmware - Firmware provided by a package, specific for a kernel - new in DebianSqueeze??.

List of firmware in linux kernel

To find which package provide a given firmware file, you can use this search page:
http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_contents

Here's a list of Linux modules that requires a firmware to operate, generated automatically from Lenny's linux 2.6.26-686 kernel.

Note: this list may not be complete (because the firmware name can't be extracted reliably).

microcode.ko

Intel CPU (IA-32) Microcode Update Driver

bcm203x.ko

Broadcom Blutonium firmware driver ver 1.1

bfusb.ko

BlueFRITZ! USB driver ver 1.1

bt3c_cs.ko

Bluetooth driver for the 3Com Bluetooth PCMCIA card

ip2.ko

Computone ?IntelliPort Plus Driver

ip2.ko

Computone ?IntelliPort Plus Driver

dell_rbu.ko

Driver for updating BIOS image on DELL systems

tuner-xc2028.ko

Xceive xc2028/xc3028 tuner driver

xc5000.ko

Xceive xc5000 silicon tuner driver

b2c2-flexcop.ko

?B2C2 FlexcopII/II(b)/III digital TV receiver chip

dvb-bt8xx.ko

Bt8xx based DVB adapter driver

dvb-usb-gp8psk.ko

Driver for Genpix 8psk-to-USB2 DVB-S

dvb-usb.ko

A library module containing commonly used USB and DVB function USB DVB devices

dvb-usb-opera.ko

Driver for Opera1 DVB-S device

bcm3510.ko

Broadcom BCM3510 ATSC (8VSB/16VSB & ITU J83 AnnexB FEC QAM64/256) demodulator driver

nxt200x.ko

NXT200X (ATSC 8VSB & ITU-T J.83 AnnexB 64/256 QAM) Demodulator Driver

or51132.ko

OR51132 ATSC [pcHDTV HD-3000] (8VSB & ITU J83 AnnexB FEC QAM64/256) Demodulator Driver

or51211.ko

Oren OR51211 VSB [pcHDTV HD-2000] Demodulator Driver

sp8870.ko

Spase SP8870 DVB-T Demodulator driver

sp887x.ko

Spase sp887x DVB-T demodulator driver

tda10048.ko

NXP TDA10048HN DVB-T Demodulator driver

tda1004x.ko

Philips TDA10045H & TDA10046H DVB-T Demodulator

pluto2.ko

Pluto2 driver

budget-av.ko

driver for the SAA7146 based so-called budget PCI DVB w/ analog input and CI-module (e.g. the KNC cards)

budget-ci.ko

driver for the SAA7146 based so-called budget PCI DVB cards w/ CI-module produced by Siemens, Technotrend, Hauppauge

dvb-ttpci.ko

driver for the SAA7146 based AV110 PCI DVB cards by Siemens, Technotrend, Hauppauge

ttusb_dec.ko

TechnoTrend/Hauppauge DEC USB

bttv.ko

bttv - v4l/v4l2 driver module for bt848/878 based cards

cx18.ko

CX23418 driver

cx23885.ko

Driver for cx23885 based TV cards

cx23885.ko

v4l2 driver module for cx23885 based TV cards

cx25840.ko

Conexant CX25840 audio/video decoder driver

cx88-blackbird.ko

driver for cx2388x/cx23416 based mpeg encoder cards

ivtv.ko

CX23415/CX23416 driver

pvrusb2.ko

Hauppauge WinTV-PVR-USB2 MPEG2 Encoder/Tuner

acenic.ko

AceNIC/3C985/GA620 Gigabit Ethernet driver

bnx2.ko

Broadcom ?NetXtreme II BCM5706/5708 Driver

cxgb3.ko

Chelsio T3 Network Driver

irda-usb.ko

IrDA-USB Dongle Driver

myri10ge.ko

Myricom 10G driver (10GbE)

at76_usb.ko

Atmel at76x USB Wireless LAN Driver

atmel.ko

Support for Atmel at76c50x 802.11 wireless ethernet cards.

b43.ko

Broadcom B43 wireless driver

b43legacy.ko

Broadcom B43legacy wireless driver

ipw2100.ko

Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2100 Network Driver

ipw2200.ko

Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2200/2915 Network Driver

iwl3945.ko

Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 3945ABG/BG Network Connection driver for Linux

iwl4965.ko

Intel(R) Wireless WiFi Link 4965AGN driver for Linux

libertas_cs.ko

Driver for Marvell 83xx compact flash WLAN cards

libertas_sdio.ko

Libertas SDIO WLAN Driver

usb8xxx.ko

8388 USB WLAN Driver

p54pci.ko

Prism54 PCI wireless driver

p54usb.ko

Prism54 USB wireless driver

rt2x00lib.ko

rt2x00 library

rt61pci.ko

Ralink RT61 PCI & PCMCIA Wireless LAN driver.

rt73usb.ko

Ralink RT73 USB Wireless LAN driver.

spectrum_cs.ko

Driver for Symbol Spectrum24 Trilogy cards with firmware downloader

zd1201.ko

Driver for ZyDAS ZD1201 based USB Wireless adapters

zd1211rw.ko

USB driver for devices with the ZD1211 chip.

pcmcia.ko

PCMCIA Driver Services

aic94xx.ko

Adaptec aic94xx SAS/SATA driver

ipr.ko

IBM Power RAID SCSI Adapter Driver

libsas.ko

SAS Transport Layer

qla2xxx.ko

QLogic Fibre Channel HBA Driver

cxacru.ko

Conexant ?AccessRunner ADSL USB modem driver

speedtch.ko

Alcatel ?SpeedTouch USB driver version 1.10

ueagle-atm.ko

ADI 930/Eagle USB ADSL Modem driver

keyspan.ko

Keyspan USB to Serial Converter Driver

snd-vx-lib.ko

Common routines for Digigram VX drivers

snd-wavefront.ko

Turtle Beach Wavefront

pss.ko

Module for PSS sound cards (based on AD1848, ADSP-2115 and ESC614). This module includes control of output amplifier and synth volume of the Beethoven ADSP-16 card (this may work with other PSS cards).

snd-darla20.ko

Echoaudio Darla20 soundcards driver

snd-darla24.ko

Echoaudio Darla24 soundcards driver

snd-echo3g.ko

Echoaudio Echo3G soundcards driver

snd-gina20.ko

Echoaudio Gina20 soundcards driver

snd-gina24.ko

Echoaudio Gina24 soundcards driver

snd-indigodj.ko

Echoaudio Indigo DJ soundcards driver

snd-indigoio.ko

Echoaudio Indigo IO soundcards driver

snd-indigo.ko

Echoaudio Indigo soundcards driver

snd-layla20.ko

Echoaudio Layla20 soundcards driver

snd-layla24.ko

Echoaudio Layla24 soundcards driver

snd-mia.ko

Echoaudio Mia soundcards driver

snd-mona.ko

Echoaudio Mona soundcards driver

snd-emu10k1.ko

EMU10K1

snd-korg1212.ko

korg1212

snd-mixart.ko

Digigram miXart

snd-pcxhr.ko

Digigram pcxhr 0.8.4

snd-riptide.ko

riptide

snd-hdsp.ko

RME Hammerfall DSP

snd-maestro3.ko

ESS Maestro3 PCI

snd-ymfpci.ko

Yamaha DS-1 PCI

This page is mostly meant to expose module/firmware. It should be improved to list the matching package names.