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## Auto-converted by kwiki2moinmoin v2005-10-07 Invoke it using /usr/bin/firefox The system plugin directory is /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins |
#language en ~-[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: English - [[es/Firefox|Español]] - [[it/Firefox|Italiano]] - [[ru/Firefox|Русский]] -~ ---- . '''[[WikiPedia:Firefox|Mozilla Firefox]]''', or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source [[WebBrowsers|web browser]] developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, Mozilla Corporation. Firefox is available for many Operating Systems, on desktop and mobile. {{https://screenshots.debian.net/screenshots/000/015/790/large.png||width=300}} <<TableOfContents(3)>> == Installing Firefox == === From Debian packages === On DebianStable, [[PackageManagement|Install]] the [[DebianPkg:firefox-esr]] package. This installs the [[https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/enterprise/|Extended Support Release]] of Firefox. ESRs are not updated with new features every six weeks. They are instead supported for more than a year, updating with major security or stability fixes. Support for languages other than English is available in packages named [[DebianPkg:firefox-esr-l10n|firefox-esr-l10n*]]. On DebianUnstable, to install the [[https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/releases/|Release]] version of Firefox, install the [[DebianPkg:firefox]] package. === From Mozilla binaries === Mozilla distributes ready-to-use Firefox binaries for Linux on their website: * [[https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/]] - Release * [[https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/channel/desktop/#beta]] - Beta * [[https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/channel/desktop/#nightly]] - Nightly To install any of them on DebianStable: * Download the Firefox version you want directly from the official website * Uncompress the archives: * in the {{{/opt}}} directory (system-wide installation - requires [[Root]] privileges) * in your home directory (install only for the current user) * Create a file `firefox-stable.desktop` (replace `stable` with `beta` or `nightly` if needed) with the contents below: * in the {{{/usr/share/applications}}} directory (system-wide installation - requires [[Root]] privileges) * in the {{{~/.local/share/applications}}} directory (install only for the current user) {{{ [Desktop Entry] Name=Firefox Stable Comment=Web Browser Exec=/opt/firefox/firefox %u Terminal=false Type=Application Icon=/opt/firefox/browser/chrome/icons/default/default128.png Categories=Network;WebBrowser; MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml;application/rss+xml;application/rdf+xml;image/gif;image/jpeg;image/png;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https; StartupNotify=true }}} * Replace {{{/opt/firefox}}} with the path to the directory where you extracted the archive. * If you want to be able to launch Firefox from a CommandLineInterface, create a [[SymLink|symlink]] to the {{{firefox}}} executable in {{{/usr/local/bin/}}}. For example: {{{sudo ln -s /opt/firefox/firefox /usr/local/bin/firefox}}} * If you want to use your manually installed Firefox as the default DebianAlternatives browser (`x-www-browser`), run {{{sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-www-browser x-www-browser /opt/firefox/firefox 200 && sudo update-alternatives --set x-www-browser /opt/firefox/firefox }}} === Using flatpak === The official Firefox Flatpak can be installed from Flathub's beta channel: {{{ flatpak install https://flathub.org/beta-repo/appstream/org.mozilla.firefox.flatpakref }}} Unofficial [[FlatpakHowto|Flatpak]] builds are provided by Fedora at https://firefox-flatpak.mojefedora.cz/ {{{ # Install flatpak sudo apt install flatpak # Add flatpak repositories sudo flatpak remote-add --from gnome https://sdk.gnome.org/gnome.flatpakrepo sudo flatpak remote-add --from org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo https://firefox-flatpak.mojefedora.cz/org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo.flatpakrepo # Install and run "beta" (aka "developer edition"): flatpak install org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo org.mozilla.FirefoxDevEdition flatpak run org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo org.mozilla.FirefoxNightly # Install and run "nightly" (aka "alpha"): flatpak install org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo org.mozilla.FirefoxNightly flatpak run org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo org.mozilla.FirefoxNightly }}} details]]. === Using snap === Mozilla provides an official Snap package for Firefox: {{{ sudo apt install snapd sudo snap install firefox snap run firefox }}} == Profile == Firefox user data (your home page, toolbars, installed extensions, passwords, bookmarks...) are stored in a ''profile'' folder. (See this Mozilla support [[https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/profiles-where-firefox-stores-user-data|page]]). * `~/.mozilla/firefox/`: location of profile directories * `/etc/firefox-esr/default/profile/`: Files to copy to newly created profiles. Use this location to preconfigure Firefox. * `~/.mozilla/firefox/*.*/user.js`: firefox preferences for each profile. These preferences can also be set from the browser interface, or from the `about:config` page. * `/etc/firefox-esr/firefox-esr.js`: default Firefox system-wide preferences. Each profile/user can override these preferences. * You can start the [[https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/profile-manager-create-remove-switch-firefox-profiles?redirectlocale=en-US&redirectslug=profile-manager-create-and-remove-firefox-profiles|Profile Manager]] from Firefox or from the command line: `firefox --no-remote -P` === Disabling automatic connections === Firefox makes a number of automated connections to Mozilla's (and other's) servers without explicitly asking the user for approval. Mozilla documents that list in the [[https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/how-stop-firefox-making-automatic-connections|How to stop Firefox from making automatic connections]] page. Here is a table of the above parameters and how Debian diverges from the upstream default: {{{#!wiki important The table below may be out of date. It was created on 2018-09-23 from the upstream page by looking at an empty profile on Firefox ESR 60.2.1esr-1. Mozilla's documentation itself may be missing some parameters as well. }}} || Feature || Parameter || Mozilla || Debian || || Auto-update checking || `app.update.enabled` || `true` || `false` || || Auto-update search engines || `browser.search.update` || `true` || `true` || || Blocklist updating || `extensions.blocklist.enabled` || `true` || `true` || || Anti-phishing and malware protection lists || `browser.safebrowsing.downloads.remote.enabled` || `true` || `true` || || Tracking protection || `privacy.trackingprotection.enabled` || `false` || `false` || || Secure website certificates (OCSP) || `security.OCSP.enabled` || `1` || `1` || || Link prefetching || `network.prefetch-next` || `true` || `true` || || DNS prefetching || `network.dns.disablePrefetch` || `false` (means enabled) || `false` || || Speculative pre-connections || `network.http.speculative-parallel-limit` || `6` || `0` || || Add-on list prefetching || N/A (can't be turned off) || enabled || enabled || || Extensions update check || `extensions.update.enabled` || `true` || `true` || || Live Bookmarks updating || N/A (user-enabled) || none by default || none by default || || Downloads restarted || N/A (user-enabled) || N/A || N/A || || Search plugin icon loading || ? || ? || ? || || Firefox Sync || ? (needs user to opt-in) || N/A || N/A || || Snippets || `browser.aboutHomeSnippets.updateUrl` || enabled || enabled || || Geolocation for default search engine || `browser.search.geoip.url` || enabled || enabled || || "What's new" page || `browser.startup.homepage_override.mstone` || enabled || enabled || || Add-on metadata updating || `extensions.getAddons.cache.enabled` || enabled || enabled || || Telemetry || `browser.selfsupport.url` || N/A? || N/A? || || Telemetry || `toolkit.telemetry.enabled` || `false` in releases, `true` in nightly || `false`? there are [[https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1197144|other parameters]] || || [[https://blog.mozilla.org/data/2018/08/20/effectively-measuring-search-in-firefox/|Telemetry coverage]] || `toolkit.telemetry.coverage.opt-out` || not present (means enabled) || not present || || OpenH264 plugin download || `media.gmp-gmpopenh264.enabled` || `true` || `false` || || WebRTC || multiple || enabled || enabled? || || Send Video To Device || `browser.casting.enabled` || `false` || N/A? || || Captive portal detection || `network.captive-portal-service.enabled` || `true` || `true` || || Loopback connection || can't be disabled || disabled on Linux || disabled || Other projects aim at improving security and privacy in Firefox: * TorBrowser - Firefox-based Web browser aimed at defending against tracking, surveillance, and censorship. * https://github.com/pyllyukko/user.js - Firefox configuration hardening * https://gitlab.com/anarcat/scripts/blob/master/firefox-tmp - Anarcat's firefox-tmp script == Plugins == The only plugin supported by Firefox is FlashPlayer (NPAPI version). Other plugins are [[https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/npapi-plugins|no longer supported]]. Plugins are found at `/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins` (system wide) or ` ~/.mozilla/plugins` (current user only). == Troubleshooting == '''Firefox is consistently crashing on a website:''' * Run firefox in safe mode (extensions and themes disabled): `firefox --safe-mode` * If this fixes the problem, one of your extensions is the root cause, if not: * Create a new firefox profile: `firefox --no-remote -P` (or from the `about:profiles` page) '''No sound:''' Go through the general [[Sound#Troubleshooting|Sound troubleshooting]] steps. If this fails, reinstall alsa and pulseaudio: {{{ sudo apt remove --purge alsa-base pulseaudio sudo apt install alsa-base pulseaudio }}} == Iceweasel == From [[DebianEtch|Debian Etch]] through [[DebianJessie|Debian Jessie]] (9th June 2016), Mozilla Firefox was not available in Debian with the official name or branding. Instead, Debian shipped a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_software_rebranded_by_Debian#Iceweasel|free-software version rebranded by Debian]], named [[Iceweasel]]. This fork was maintained because of a disagreement with Mozilla regarding backporting of the security fixes to DebianStable, and as the result could not use trademarked Mozilla artwork. Starting from [[DebianStretch]], the [[DebianPkg:iceweasel]] package has been made a transitional package for [[DebianPkg:firefox-esr]]. Normal Debian support policies, including patches for bug fixes, apply to the package. * https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2006/10/msg00665.html - Will !IceWeasel be based on a fork or on vanilla !FireFox? * https://lwn.net/Articles/676799/ - The end of the Iceweasel Age * https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=815006 - Renaming Iceweasel to Firefox Iceweasel used to require {{{gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-plugins-good}}} packages for good video playback support. == External links == * [[https://www.firefox.com/|Mozilla Firefox Homepage]] * [[https://mozilla.debian.net/|Debian Mozilla Team]] * [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Firefox|Firefox - Arch Wiki]] * [[irc://irc.debian.org/debian-mozilla|#debian-mozilla]] [[IRC]] channel ---- CategoryWebBrowser | CategorySoftware | CategoryNetworkApplication | CategoryRedundant: merge relevant info from [[Mozilla]] |
Translation(s): English - Español - Italiano - Русский
Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, Mozilla Corporation. Firefox is available for many Operating Systems, on desktop and mobile.
Contents
Installing Firefox
From Debian packages
On DebianStable, Install the firefox-esr package.
This installs the Extended Support Release of Firefox. ESRs are not updated with new features every six weeks. They are instead supported for more than a year, updating with major security or stability fixes.
Support for languages other than English is available in packages named firefox-esr-l10n*.
On DebianUnstable, to install the Release version of Firefox, install the firefox package.
From Mozilla binaries
Mozilla distributes ready-to-use Firefox binaries for Linux on their website:
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/ - Release
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/channel/desktop/#beta - Beta
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/channel/desktop/#nightly - Nightly
To install any of them on DebianStable:
- Download the Firefox version you want directly from the official website
- Uncompress the archives:
in the /opt directory (system-wide installation - requires Root privileges)
- in your home directory (install only for the current user)
Create a file firefox-stable.desktop (replace stable with beta or nightly if needed) with the contents below:
in the /usr/share/applications directory (system-wide installation - requires Root privileges)
in the ~/.local/share/applications directory (install only for the current user)
[Desktop Entry] Name=Firefox Stable Comment=Web Browser Exec=/opt/firefox/firefox %u Terminal=false Type=Application Icon=/opt/firefox/browser/chrome/icons/default/default128.png Categories=Network;WebBrowser; MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml;application/rss+xml;application/rdf+xml;image/gif;image/jpeg;image/png;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https; StartupNotify=true
Replace /opt/firefox with the path to the directory where you extracted the archive.
If you want to be able to launch Firefox from a CommandLineInterface, create a symlink to the firefox executable in /usr/local/bin/. For example: sudo ln -s /opt/firefox/firefox /usr/local/bin/firefox
If you want to use your manually installed Firefox as the default DebianAlternatives browser (x-www-browser), run sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-www-browser x-www-browser /opt/firefox/firefox 200 && sudo update-alternatives --set x-www-browser /opt/firefox/firefox
Using flatpak
The official Firefox Flatpak can be installed from Flathub's beta channel:
flatpak install https://flathub.org/beta-repo/appstream/org.mozilla.firefox.flatpakref
Unofficial Flatpak builds are provided by Fedora at https://firefox-flatpak.mojefedora.cz/
# Install flatpak sudo apt install flatpak # Add flatpak repositories sudo flatpak remote-add --from gnome https://sdk.gnome.org/gnome.flatpakrepo sudo flatpak remote-add --from org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo https://firefox-flatpak.mojefedora.cz/org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo.flatpakrepo # Install and run "beta" (aka "developer edition"): flatpak install org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo org.mozilla.FirefoxDevEdition flatpak run org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo org.mozilla.FirefoxNightly # Install and run "nightly" (aka "alpha"): flatpak install org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo org.mozilla.FirefoxNightly flatpak run org.mozilla.FirefoxRepo org.mozilla.FirefoxNightly
details]].
Using snap
Mozilla provides an official Snap package for Firefox:
sudo apt install snapd sudo snap install firefox snap run firefox
Profile
Firefox user data (your home page, toolbars, installed extensions, passwords, bookmarks...) are stored in a profile folder. (See this Mozilla support page).
~/.mozilla/firefox/: location of profile directories
/etc/firefox-esr/default/profile/: Files to copy to newly created profiles. Use this location to preconfigure Firefox.
~/.mozilla/firefox/*.*/user.js: firefox preferences for each profile. These preferences can also be set from the browser interface, or from the about:config page.
/etc/firefox-esr/firefox-esr.js: default Firefox system-wide preferences. Each profile/user can override these preferences.
You can start the Profile Manager from Firefox or from the command line: firefox --no-remote -P
Disabling automatic connections
Firefox makes a number of automated connections to Mozilla's (and other's) servers without explicitly asking the user for approval. Mozilla documents that list in the How to stop Firefox from making automatic connections page. Here is a table of the above parameters and how Debian diverges from the upstream default:
The table below may be out of date. It was created on 2018-09-23 from the upstream page by looking at an empty profile on Firefox ESR 60.2.1esr-1. Mozilla's documentation itself may be missing some parameters as well.
Feature |
Parameter |
Mozilla |
Debian |
Auto-update checking |
app.update.enabled |
true |
false |
Auto-update search engines |
browser.search.update |
true |
true |
Blocklist updating |
extensions.blocklist.enabled |
true |
true |
Anti-phishing and malware protection lists |
browser.safebrowsing.downloads.remote.enabled |
true |
true |
Tracking protection |
privacy.trackingprotection.enabled |
false |
false |
Secure website certificates (OCSP) |
security.OCSP.enabled |
1 |
1 |
Link prefetching |
network.prefetch-next |
true |
true |
DNS prefetching |
network.dns.disablePrefetch |
false (means enabled) |
false |
Speculative pre-connections |
network.http.speculative-parallel-limit |
6 |
0 |
Add-on list prefetching |
N/A (can't be turned off) |
enabled |
enabled |
Extensions update check |
extensions.update.enabled |
true |
true |
Live Bookmarks updating |
N/A (user-enabled) |
none by default |
none by default |
Downloads restarted |
N/A (user-enabled) |
N/A |
N/A |
Search plugin icon loading |
? |
? |
? |
Firefox Sync |
? (needs user to opt-in) |
N/A |
N/A |
Snippets |
browser.aboutHomeSnippets.updateUrl |
enabled |
enabled |
Geolocation for default search engine |
browser.search.geoip.url |
enabled |
enabled |
"What's new" page |
browser.startup.homepage_override.mstone |
enabled |
enabled |
Add-on metadata updating |
extensions.getAddons.cache.enabled |
enabled |
enabled |
Telemetry |
browser.selfsupport.url |
N/A? |
N/A? |
Telemetry |
toolkit.telemetry.enabled |
false in releases, true in nightly |
false? there are other parameters |
toolkit.telemetry.coverage.opt-out |
not present (means enabled) |
not present |
|
?OpenH264 plugin download |
media.gmp-gmpopenh264.enabled |
true |
false |
WebRTC |
multiple |
enabled |
enabled? |
Send Video To Device |
browser.casting.enabled |
false |
N/A? |
Captive portal detection |
network.captive-portal-service.enabled |
true |
true |
Loopback connection |
can't be disabled |
disabled on Linux |
disabled |
Other projects aim at improving security and privacy in Firefox:
TorBrowser - Firefox-based Web browser aimed at defending against tracking, surveillance, and censorship.
https://github.com/pyllyukko/user.js - Firefox configuration hardening
https://gitlab.com/anarcat/scripts/blob/master/firefox-tmp - Anarcat's firefox-tmp script
Plugins
The only plugin supported by Firefox is FlashPlayer (NPAPI version). Other plugins are no longer supported.
Plugins are found at /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins (system wide) or ~/.mozilla/plugins (current user only).
Troubleshooting
Firefox is consistently crashing on a website:
Run firefox in safe mode (extensions and themes disabled): firefox --safe-mode
- If this fixes the problem, one of your extensions is the root cause, if not:
Create a new firefox profile: firefox --no-remote -P (or from the about:profiles page)
No sound:
Go through the general Sound troubleshooting steps. If this fails, reinstall alsa and pulseaudio:
sudo apt remove --purge alsa-base pulseaudio sudo apt install alsa-base pulseaudio
Iceweasel
From Debian Etch through Debian Jessie (9th June 2016), Mozilla Firefox was not available in Debian with the official name or branding. Instead, Debian shipped a free-software version rebranded by Debian, named Iceweasel. This fork was maintained because of a disagreement with Mozilla regarding backporting of the security fixes to DebianStable, and as the result could not use trademarked Mozilla artwork.
Starting from DebianStretch, the iceweasel package has been made a transitional package for firefox-esr. Normal Debian support policies, including patches for bug fixes, apply to the package.
https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2006/10/msg00665.html - Will IceWeasel be based on a fork or on vanilla FireFox?
https://lwn.net/Articles/676799/ - The end of the Iceweasel Age
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=815006 - Renaming Iceweasel to Firefox
Iceweasel used to require gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-plugins-good packages for good video playback support.
External links
CategoryWebBrowser | CategorySoftware | CategoryNetworkApplication | CategoryRedundant: merge relevant info from Mozilla