6320
Comment:
|
6285
|
Deletions are marked like this. | Additions are marked like this. |
Line 5: | Line 5: |
To determine degree of usage of disks and partitions see [[DiskFull]] . | To determine degree of usage of disks and partitions, but not directories, see [[DiskFull]] . == Tools to see which directories are using the most disk space == baobab in package DebianPkg:gnome-utils Command line program {{{du}}} of package DebianPkg:coreutils {{{ /usr/bin/du --total --summarize --human-readable --one-file-system }}} |
Line 61: | Line 69: |
== Tools to see which directories are using the most disk space == baobab in package DebianPkg:gnome-utils Command line program {{{du}}} of package DebianPkg:coreutils {{{ /usr/bin/du --total --summarize --human-readable --one-file-system }}} |
|
Line 101: | Line 101: |
=== Tools === |
|
Line 162: | Line 160: |
* ''media compressions.'' * ''free space disk control like df'' |
* ''lossy compressions.'' |
Translation Deutsch
Freeing Disk Space
Disk Usage or Occupied Space
To determine degree of usage of disks and partitions, but not directories, see DiskFull .
Tools to see which directories are using the most disk space
baobab in package gnome-utils
Command line program du of package coreutils
/usr/bin/du --total --summarize --human-readable --one-file-system
Command line tools to see seldom used files
These will not function if file systems are not usually mounted without option strictatime.
/usr/bin/find
The following options are of special interest
- -usage
- -atime
See which packages are using the most disk space
Command line
- kernel packages are large older versions are not removed automatically for your safety
To list packages that take up most of the disk space with aptitude into visual mode, select Views → New Flat Package List (this menu entry is available only after etch version), press l and enter ~i, press S and enter ~installsize, then it will give you nice list to work with. Doing this after upgrading aptitude should give you access to this new feature.
In lenny, aptitude has "why" and "why-not".
aptitude why package1
shows why package1 may have been installed.
aptitude why package1 package2
tries to work out why installing package1 would drag in package2.
"why-not" looks at conflicts.
These commands only provide one possible explanation. Check /var/log/aptitude for definitive information.
Using aptitude to list uninstalled recommended or suggested packages:
aptitude search '~RBsuggests:~i!~i'
To list upgradeable packages:
aptitude search '~U'
To list manually installed packages:
aptitude search '~i!~M'
To install without recommends but not uninstalling other recommends:
aptitude install -R -o Aptitude::Keep-Recommends=true
To list packages in increasing order of size:
aptitude -F '%I %p' search '~i'|egrep '^[0-9]+[\.,]?[0-9]*[MG]B'|sort -n
Using dpigs (debian-goodies):
dpigs -n50
Using wajig :
wajig size
sorts installed packages by size:
dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Installed-Size} ${Package}\n' | sort -n
Graphical Interface
synaptic, go to installed packages and click on the size column.
Find things to erase
Categorically Expendable Directories
Temporary
/tmp /var/tmp
Contents of these directories are only intended to be used in the short term or while a program is running and are generally expendable.
Logs
/var/log
Cache
- packages in /var/cache/apt/archives usually eats some space. As root or using sudo, you can get rid of them with:
apt-get clean
or
aptitude clean
Use apt-get autoclean if you want to remove old packages for which you also have the last package.
Spool
Things in
/var/spool
are intended to be processed but may be expendable.
Duplicate Handling
When you find duplicates, you can hard link them, if they are on the same file system, or erase duplicates to make them unique.
Finders
fdupes Is fast
files you do not want
packages you do not want
deborphan The textual user interface is provided by the program orphaner.
popularity-contest Requires file system option strictatime. run popularity-contest | sort > popcon
Tools to alter files to reduce them
Stripping dbus-daemon exposes a bug in BFD. Executing in find /usr/bin -not -name strip -and -not -name dbus-daemon -execdir strip --strip-unneeded '{}' \; reduced the size of contents of the directory in a Squeeze installation from 140MB to 120MB.
Do not compress bash or your scripts will crash. Compressed executables may require more memory when run.
Reduce data creation
Use the following line as your /etc/rsyslog.conf configuration file in order to not save logs but output them on virtual terminal 12:
*.* -/dev/tty12
On systems that have been running for some time you might consider stripping out old log files.
Note that localepurge is a package that will strip unwanted language versions from everything you install. If you want a new language in the future you will have to add the locale and then re-install the package.
Compressed File Systems
Application Level / User Space
- GVFS Zip format archives can be mounted by GVFS.
fuse-utils There are many file systems which offer compression and operate through FUSE.
In Linux
- squashfs read-only
Not ready for general use
The development level of these file systems is such that they are not yet usable for general purpose.
- Reiser4FS
- BTrFS
Turn Off Reserved Blocks on ExtFS
By default, ExtFS reserves 5% of the file system for the user 'root' as a safety measure. To turn this off:
tune2fs -r 0 /dev/sda2
This can be done on a mounted filesystem.
Off Line Storage
You may move data to off line storage, such as removable optical disks or disks on an external data bus (such as Firewire or USB).
If you have a read-only source like a write once optical disk, an overlaid unifying file system like aufs or Linux's "union mount" can save changes in a writeable filesystem, saving the user the space of the unchanged portions. The same could be accomplished with a snapshotted filesystem as with Linux Volume Manager (lvm2).
Wish list:
lossy compressions.
using Quota as usrquota groupquota waringquota in quota