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Debian Derivatives
Debian "derivative" is a colloquial term used to refer to distributions which are based on Debian in various ways.
A common, but not unique pattern for derivatives is that of reusing/rebuilding most of the official Debian packages and adding some custom packages of their own.
According to distrowatch, Debian has already spawned more than 400 derivatives and more than 120 of them are still active.
See also
DerivativesFrontDesk: where to ask help if you come from a derivative distribution and want to contribute to Debian
Derivatives/Meetings: a list of meetings and events related to Debian derivatives
Derivatives/Guidelines: guidelines and advice for best practices within derivatives
Derivatives/CensusQA: email templates for when contacting derivatives about census issues
Derivatives/Integration: documentation about integration of derivatives into Debian infrastructure
DEX: Derivatives EXchange; cross-community teamwork
UpstreamGuide: some things to think about when you are creating new software to put into your distribution
DebianPureBlends: a subset of Debian that is configured to support a particular target group out-of-the-box
MergeDerivedDistributions: a proposal for how to bring the work of derived distros into Debian, obsoleted by the derivatives census
Lists
Derivatives/Census: a census of derivative distributions and their information
Derivatives/CensusFull: aggregation of all derivatives registered in the census
Debian Installer: modified versions of the Debian Installer
Debian Live: downstream distros using Debian Live technology
CommercialDebianDistros: commercial Debian distros
OpenMoko: Debian derivatives to run on the OpenMoko FreeRunner phone
Wikipedia: Wikipedia list of Debian based distributions
Debian family tree: graph of the Debian family by Wikipedia contributors
Distrowatch family tree: graph of the distros (including Debian based)
Distrowatch all: Distrowatch list of all Debian based distributions
Distrowatch active: Distrowatch list of *active* Debian based distributions
LWN: LWN distribution list, search for Debian to find Debian derived ones
distro timeline: GNU/Linux distro timeline
community poll: Debian community poll that included the question "Are you using Debian derived distributions, too?" and resulted in a list of derivatives people use.
Ubuntu: list of Ubuntu (and therefore Debian) derivatives
Multimedia distros: list of multimedia-related distros that are directly or indirectly derived from Debian
FluxBox derivatives: list of FluxBox-based distros that are derived from Debian
UnofficialRepositories: unofficial repositories
Linux Leaders: Debian and Ubuntu Derivative Distros by Bruce Byfield
ArchiveOS Debian tag: archives of old distributions based on Debian