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~-[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: [[de/DebianReleases|Deutsch]] - English - [[es/DebianReleases|Español]] - [[fr/DebianReleases|Français]] - [[it/DebianReleases|Italiano]] - [[ko/DebianReleases|한국어]] - [[DebianReleasesDutch|Nederlands]] - [[DebianReleasesPolish|Polski]] - [[pt_BR/DebianReleases|Brasileiro]] - [[pt_PT/DebianReleases|Portuguese (Portugal)]] - [[ru/DebianReleases|Русский]] - [[sv/DebianReleases|Svenska]] - [[zh_CN/DebianReleases|简体中文]]-~
----
<<TableOfContents>>
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This page is also available in : [:DebianReleasesDutch:Nederlands] ; [:DebianReleasesPolish:Polski]
##[:DebianReleases:Español] - [:XXX:Dansk] - [:XXX:Français].
----
{{{#!wiki debian
[[https://www.debian.org/releases]] - Official information about Debian releases
}}}
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Debian is released on a regular basis. During development of a release, there are a set of development releases that always exist. These are ''stable'' (the current release), ''testing'', the next release which is currently in development, and ''unstable'', the release which is constantly updated and in active development. Only ''stable'' is recommended for production use. == Introduction ==
Debian is under continual development. The latest release is Debian <<DebianVersion(stable)>>. It is also (currently) known as '''[[DebianStable|stable]]''' or by its codename "[[DebianStretch|Stretch]]".
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== Current Releases ==
 * [:DebianOldStable:oldstable] - The previous stable release (3.1) ([:DebianSarge:sarge])
 * [:DebianStable:stable] - The current stable release (4.0) ([:DebianEtch:etch])
 * [:DebianTesting:testing] - The next generation release ([:DebianLenny:lenny])
 * [:DebianUnstable:unstable] - The unstable development release ([:DebianSid:sid]) (new packages are introduced here too)
 * [:DebianExperimental:experimental] - Not really a release, but where new packages are introduced
Each version also corresponds to a set of named software repositories (at least one per CPU architecture).

At any given time, there is one stable release of Debian, which has the support of the [[Teams/Security|Debian security team]]. When a new stable version is released, the security team will usually cover the previous version [[https://www.debian.org/security/faq#lifespan|for a year or so]], while they also cover the new/current version. Only stable is recommended for production use.

There are also two main development repositories '''[[DebianUnstable|unstable]]''' and '''[[DebianTesting|testing]]''' which are continually updated during the development of the next stable release. The latest packages arrive in unstable (which always has the codename "Sid"). Packages are automatically copied from unstable to testing when they meet criteria such as lack of [[https://www.debian.org/Bugs/Developer#severities|release-critical bugs]], and dependencies being satisfied by other packages in testing.

== Choosing ==

End users should generally choose to run either stable or testing. Stable is recommended for applications requiring production-level stability and security (servers, firewalls etc) and is also recommended for those who are new to Linux. Testing is recommended for slightly more advanced users who want newer software on their desktops and who are capable of [[reportbug|reporting]] and fixing bugs to help Debian.

[[https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-choosing|Choosing a debian distribution]] discusses the pros and cons of choosing one Debian distribution over another. And the [[DebianSoftware|overview of software for Debian Stable]] describes common ways Debian stable is enhanced with newer software or otherwise given extended capabilities.

[[https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/ch-ftparchives|The Debian FTP archives]] chapter of the [[https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/|Debian FAQ]] has even more information .

== Current Releases/Repositories ==
 * [[DebianOldStable|oldstable]] - The previous stable release ([[DebianJessie|Jessie]]).
 * [[DebianStable|stable]] - The current stable release ([[DebianStretch|Stretch]]).
 * [[DebianTesting|testing]] - The next generation release ([[DebianBuster|Buster]]).
 * [[DebianUnstable|unstable]] - The unstable development release ([[DebianSid|Sid]]), where new or updated packages are introduced.

Also:

 * [[DebianExperimental|experimental]] - Not really a release ([[#Codenames|RC-Buggy]]), but a repository where packages are tested (experimented) if they are not suited for unstable.
 * [[Backports|backport]] - Not a release, but a repository for updated packages for {{{stable}}}.
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note: [:DebianReleases/PointReleases:Point releases] (like 4.0r0 and 4.0r1) are detailed in each distribution's page.
 * Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 (‘[:DebianEtch:etch]’) -- Released April 8th 2007
 * Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (‘[:DebianSarge:sarge]’) -- Released June 6th 2005
 * Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 (‘[:DebianWoody:woody]’) -- Released July 19th 2002
 * Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 (‘[:DebianPotato:potato]’) -- Released August 14th 2000
 * Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 (‘[:DebianSlink:slink]’) -- Released March 1999
 * Debian GNU/Linux 2.0 (‘[:DebianHamm:hamm]’) -- Released July 1998
 * Debian GNU/Linux 1.3 (‘[:DebianBo:bo]’) -- Released July 1997
 * Debian GNU/Linux 1.2 (‘[:DebianRex:rex]’) -- Released December 1996
 * Debian GNU/Linux 1.1 (‘[:DebianBuzz:buzz]’) -- June 1996
 * Debian GNU/Linux 0.93R6 -- Released November 1995
 * Debian GNU/Linux 0.93R5 -- Released March 1995
 * Debian GNU/Linux 0.91 -- January 1994
|| '''Version''' || '''Code name''' || '''Release date''' || '''End of life date''' ||
|| 12 || [[DebianBookworm|Bookworm]] || || ||
|| 11 || [[DebianBullseye|Bullseye]] || || ||
|| 10 || [[DebianBuster|Buster]] || || ||
|| 9 || [[DebianStretch|Stretch]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2017/20170617|June 17th 2017]] || approx. 2020 (full) / approx. 2022 (LTS) ||
|| 8 || [[DebianJessie|Jessie]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2015/20150426|April 25th 2015]] || [[https://www.debian.org/security/faq#lifespan|~June 6th 2018]] (full) / [[LTS|~June 6th 2020]] (LTS) ||
|| 7 || [[DebianWheezy|Wheezy]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2013/20130504|May 4th 2013]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2018/20180601|April 26th 2016 (full) / May 2018 (LTS)]] ||
|| 6.0 || [[DebianSqueeze|Squeeze]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110205a|February 6th 2011]] || [[https://www.debian.org/security/2014/dsa-2907|May 31st 2014]] (full) / [[https://www.debian.org/News/2014/20140424.html|February 29th 2016]] (LTS) ||
|| 5.0 || [[DebianLenny|Lenny]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090214|February 14th 2009]] || [[https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/2011/msg00238.html|February 6th 2012]] ||
|| 4.0 || [[DebianEtch|Etch]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2007/20070408|Apr 8th 2007]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100121|February 15th 2010]] ||
|| 3.1 || [[DebianSarge|Sarge]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2005/20050606|June 6th 2005]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2008/20080229|March 31st 2008]] ||
|| 3.0 || [[DebianWoody|Woody]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2002/20020719|July 19th 2002]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2006/20060601|June 30th 2006]] ||
|| 2.2 || [[DebianPotato|Potato]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/2000/20000815|August 15th 2000]] || June 30th 2003 ||
|| 2.1 || [[DebianSlink|Slink]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/1999/19990309|March 9th 1999]] || [[https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/2000/msg00043.html|September 30th 2000 (full) / October 30th 2000 (limited)]] ||
|| 2.0 || [[DebianHamm|Hamm]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/1998/19980724|July 24th 1998]] || - ||
|| 1.3 || [[DebianBo|Bo]] || [[https://www.debian.org/News/1997/19970602|July 2nd 1997]] || - ||
|| 1.2 || [[DebianRex|Rex]] || [[https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1996/msg00026.html|December 12th 1996]] || - ||
|| 1.1 || [[DebianBuzz|Buzz]] || [[https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1996/msg00021.html|June 17th 1996]] || - ||
|| 0.93R6 || || [[https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1995/msg00007.html|October 26 1995]] || - ||
|| 0.93R5 || || [[https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1995/msg00004.html|March 1995]] || - ||
|| 0.91 || || January 1994 || - ||
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The official information about Debian releases is on the Debian web site (http://www.debian.org/releases/). Note: the [[DebianReleases/PointReleases|point releases]] (like 7.1 and 7.2) are detailed in each distribution's page.
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== Time Between Releases == See also [[DebianHistory|Debian History]].
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{{{
Time between Debian releases
1.2 178 days
1.3 175 days
2.0 413 days
2.1 229 days
2.2 525 days
3.0 703 days
3.1 1083 days
4.0 671 days
== Release statistics ==

|| ''' Version''' || '''Code name''' || '''Freeze length''' || '''Time from previous release''' || '''Time from next release up to EOL''' || '''Total lifetime''' ||
|| 1.2 || [[DebianRex|Rex]] || || 178 days ||
|| 1.3 || [[DebianBo|Bo]] || || 175 days ||
|| 2.0 || [[DebianHamm|Hamm]] ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 171 days || 414 days ||
|| 2.1 || [[DebianSlink|Slink]] || 125 days || 228 days || 76 days || 601 days ||
|| 2.2 || [[DebianPotato|Potato]] ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 212 days || 525 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 346 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 1049 days ||
|| 3.0 || [[DebianWoody|Woody]] || 383 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 703 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 389 days || 1442 days ||
|| 3.1 || [[DebianSarge|Sarge]] || 34 days || 1053 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 357 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 1028 days ||
|| 4.0 || [[DebianEtch|Etch]] ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 258 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 671 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 366 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 1044 days ||
|| 5.0 || [[DebianLenny|Lenny]]||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 202 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 678 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 365 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 1087 days ||
|| 6.0 || [[DebianSqueeze|Squeeze]] ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 184 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 722 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 391 days ||
|| 7.0 || [[DebianWheezy|Wheezy]] || 308 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 818 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 367 days ||
|| 8.0 || [[DebianJessie|Jessie]] ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 171 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 721 days ||
|| 9.0 || [[DebianStretch|Stretch]] ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 224 days ||<style="background-color:#ccffcc;"> 784 days ||

In the above array, data closely following "current" releasing tendencies have been highlighted in green. What can be deduced from those data is that the "most-typical" Debian release:

 * endures a '''''freeze cycle of 7 +/- 1 months''''' before getting released.
 * is '''''released about 2 years after the previous one''''' (the often cited example of Debian Sarge being quite an exceptional event in Debian history).
 * leaves users '''''about 1 year to upgrade to the next one''''' once this latter itself gets released.
 * has (from release to the end of security updates) a '''''total lifetime of about 3 years'''''.

{{http://debian.semistable.com/releases.gif}}

== Workflow ==

Here's a diagram describing how packages flow between archives:

{{attachment:package-cycle.svg}}

{{{#!wiki tip
The above graphic is generated from a [[https://salsa.debian.org/debian/package-cycle/blob/master/package-cycle.dot|dot file]] in the [[https://salsa.debian.org/debian/package-cycle|package-cycle git repository]].
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http://debian.semistable.com/releases.gif See also [[DebianDak#Design|the various software powering that archive]].

== Codenames ==
Releases of the Debian distribution have both traditional version numbers and codenames based on characters from the Pixar/Disney movie "Toy Story" (1995). Sid, as you may recall, was the evil neighbor kid who broke all the toys. Additionally, the codename for the Experimental repository, RC-Buggy, was Andy's toy car, and is a pun on 'Release Critical' and 'Remote Control.'

== See also ==

DebianStability - Changing from one release version to another.

----
CategoryQuickIntroduction

Translation(s): Deutsch - English - Español - Français - Italiano - 한국어 - Nederlands - ?Polski - Brasileiro - Portuguese (Portugal) - Русский - Svenska - 简体中文


https://www.debian.org/releases - Official information about Debian releases

Introduction

Debian is under continual development. The latest release is Debian 12.5. It is also (currently) known as stable or by its codename "Stretch".

Each version also corresponds to a set of named software repositories (at least one per CPU architecture).

At any given time, there is one stable release of Debian, which has the support of the Debian security team. When a new stable version is released, the security team will usually cover the previous version for a year or so, while they also cover the new/current version. Only stable is recommended for production use.

There are also two main development repositories unstable and testing which are continually updated during the development of the next stable release. The latest packages arrive in unstable (which always has the codename "Sid"). Packages are automatically copied from unstable to testing when they meet criteria such as lack of release-critical bugs, and dependencies being satisfied by other packages in testing.

Choosing

End users should generally choose to run either stable or testing. Stable is recommended for applications requiring production-level stability and security (servers, firewalls etc) and is also recommended for those who are new to Linux. Testing is recommended for slightly more advanced users who want newer software on their desktops and who are capable of reporting and fixing bugs to help Debian.

Choosing a debian distribution discusses the pros and cons of choosing one Debian distribution over another. And the overview of software for Debian Stable describes common ways Debian stable is enhanced with newer software or otherwise given extended capabilities.

The Debian FTP archives chapter of the Debian FAQ has even more information .

Current Releases/Repositories

Also:

  • experimental - Not really a release (RC-Buggy), but a repository where packages are tested (experimented) if they are not suited for unstable.

  • backport - Not a release, but a repository for updated packages for stable.

Production Releases

Version

Code name

Release date

End of life date

12

Bookworm

11

Bullseye

10

Buster

9

Stretch

June 17th 2017

approx. 2020 (full) / approx. 2022 (LTS)

8

Jessie

April 25th 2015

~June 6th 2018 (full) / ~June 6th 2020 (LTS)

7

Wheezy

May 4th 2013

April 26th 2016 (full) / May 2018 (LTS)

6.0

Squeeze

February 6th 2011

May 31st 2014 (full) / February 29th 2016 (LTS)

5.0

Lenny

February 14th 2009

February 6th 2012

4.0

Etch

Apr 8th 2007

February 15th 2010

3.1

Sarge

June 6th 2005

March 31st 2008

3.0

Woody

July 19th 2002

June 30th 2006

2.2

Potato

August 15th 2000

June 30th 2003

2.1

Slink

March 9th 1999

September 30th 2000 (full) / October 30th 2000 (limited)

2.0

Hamm

July 24th 1998

-

1.3

Bo

July 2nd 1997

-

1.2

Rex

December 12th 1996

-

1.1

Buzz

June 17th 1996

-

0.93R6

October 26 1995

-

0.93R5

March 1995

-

0.91

January 1994

-

Note: the point releases (like 7.1 and 7.2) are detailed in each distribution's page.

See also Debian History.

Release statistics

Version

Code name

Freeze length

Time from previous release

Time from next release up to EOL

Total lifetime

1.2

Rex

178 days

1.3

Bo

175 days

2.0

Hamm

171 days

414 days

2.1

Slink

125 days

228 days

76 days

601 days

2.2

Potato

212 days

525 days

346 days

1049 days

3.0

Woody

383 days

703 days

389 days

1442 days

3.1

Sarge

34 days

1053 days

357 days

1028 days

4.0

Etch

258 days

671 days

366 days

1044 days

5.0

Lenny

202 days

678 days

365 days

1087 days

6.0

Squeeze

184 days

722 days

391 days

7.0

Wheezy

308 days

818 days

367 days

8.0

Jessie

171 days

721 days

9.0

Stretch

224 days

784 days

In the above array, data closely following "current" releasing tendencies have been highlighted in green. What can be deduced from those data is that the "most-typical" Debian release:

  • endures a freeze cycle of 7 +/- 1 months before getting released.

  • is released about 2 years after the previous one (the often cited example of Debian Sarge being quite an exceptional event in Debian history).

  • leaves users about 1 year to upgrade to the next one once this latter itself gets released.

  • has (from release to the end of security updates) a total lifetime of about 3 years.

http://debian.semistable.com/releases.gif

Workflow

Here's a diagram describing how packages flow between archives:

package-cycle.svg

The above graphic is generated from a dot file in the package-cycle git repository.

See also the various software powering that archive.

Codenames

Releases of the Debian distribution have both traditional version numbers and codenames based on characters from the Pixar/Disney movie "Toy Story" (1995). Sid, as you may recall, was the evil neighbor kid who broke all the toys. Additionally, the codename for the Experimental repository, RC-Buggy, was Andy's toy car, and is a pun on 'Release Critical' and 'Remote Control.'

See also

DebianStability - Changing from one release version to another.


CategoryQuickIntroduction