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~-[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: [[de/DebianReleases|Deutsch]] - English - [[es/DebianReleases|Español]] - [[fr/DebianReleases|Français]] - [[it/DebianReleases|Italiano]] - [[ko/DebianReleases|한국어]] - [[DebianReleasesDutch|Nederlands]] - [[DebianReleasesPolish|Polski]] - [[pt_BR/DebianReleases|Brasileiro]] - [[pt_PT/DebianReleases|Portuguese (Portugal)]] - [[ru/DebianReleases|Русский]] - [[sv/DebianReleases|Svenska]] - [[zh_CN/DebianReleases|简体中文]]-~ ~-[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: [[de/DebianReleases|Deutsch]] - English - [[es/DebianReleases|Español]] - [[fr/DebianReleases|Français]] - [[it/DebianReleases|Italiano]] - [[ko/DebianReleases|한국어]] - [[DebianReleasesDutch|Nederlands]] - [[pl/DebianReleases|Polski]] - [[pt_BR/DebianReleases|Brasileiro]] - [[pt_PT/DebianReleases|Portuguese (Portugal)]] - [[ru/DebianReleases|Русский]] - [[sv/DebianReleases|Svenska]] - [[zh_CN/DebianReleases|简体中文]]-~

Translation(s): Deutsch - English - Español - Français - Italiano - 한국어 - Nederlands - Polski - Brasileiro - Portuguese (Portugal) - Русский - Svenska - 简体中文


https://www.debian.org/releases - Official information about Debian releases


Introduction

Debian is under continual development. The latest release is Debian 12.5. It is also (currently) known as stable or by its codename "Bookworm".

Each version also corresponds to a set of named software repositories (at least one per CPU architecture).

At any given time, there is one stable release of Debian, which has the support of the Debian security team. When a new stable version is released, the security team will usually cover the previous version for a year or so, while they also cover the new/current version. Only stable is recommended for production use.

There are also two main development repositories unstable and testing which are continually updated during the development of the next stable release. The latest packages arrive in unstable (which always has the codename "Sid"). Packages are automatically copied from unstable to testing when they meet criteria such as lack of release-critical bugs, and dependencies being satisfied by other packages in testing.

Choosing

End users should generally choose to run either stable or testing. Stable is recommended for applications requiring production-level stability and security (servers, firewalls etc) and is also recommended for those who are new to Linux. Testing is recommended for advanced users who want new software on their desktops and who are capable of reporting and fixing bugs to help Debian.

Choosing a debian distribution discusses the pros and cons of choosing one Debian distribution over another. And the overview of software for Debian Stable describes common ways Debian stable is enhanced with newer software or otherwise given extended capabilities.

The Debian FTP archives chapter of the Debian FAQ has even more information .

Current Releases/Repositories

Also:

  • experimental - Not really a release (RC-Buggy), but a repository where packages are tested (experimented) if they are not suited for unstable.

  • backport - Not a release, but a repository for updated packages for stable.

Production Releases

Version

Code name

Release date

End of life date

EOL LTS

EOL ELTS

12

Bookworm

11

Bullseye

10

Buster

2019-07-06

~2022

9

Stretch

2017-06-17

2020-07-06

~2022

8

Jessie

2015-04-25

2018-06-17

~2020-06-30

~2022-06-30

7

Wheezy

2013-05-04

2016-04-25

2018-05-31

~2019-12-31

6.0

Squeeze

2011-02-06

2014-05-31

2016-02-29

5.0

Lenny

2009-02-14

2012-02-06

4.0

Etch

2007-04-08

2010-02-15

3.1

Sarge

2005-06-06

2008-03-31

3.0

Woody

2002-07-19

2006-06-30

2.2

Potato

2000-08-15

2003-06-30

2.1

Slink

1999-03-09

2000-09-30

2000-10-30

2.0

Hamm

1998-07-24

-

1.3

Bo

1997-07-02

-

1.2

Rex

1996-12-12

-

1.1

Buzz

1996-06-17

-

0.93R6

1995-10-26

-

0.93R5

~1995-03-01

-

0.91

~1994-01-01

-

Reminder: the EOL date for the stable release is the date of the next stable release plus one year. For example, Debian buster ("stretch +1") was released on 2019-07-06 so Debian stretch's EOL is on 2020-07-06.

Note: the point releases (like 7.1 and 7.2) are detailed in each distribution's page.

See also Debian History.

Release statistics

Version

Code name

Freeze length

Time from previous release

Time from next release up to EOL

Total lifetime

1.2

Rex

178 days

1.3

Bo

175 days

2.0

Hamm

171 days

414 days

2.1

Slink

125 days

228 days

76 days

601 days

2.2

Potato

212 days

525 days

346 days

1049 days

3.0

Woody

383 days

703 days

389 days

1442 days

3.1

Sarge

34 days

1053 days

357 days

1028 days

4.0

Etch

258 days

671 days

366 days

1044 days

5.0

Lenny

202 days

678 days

365 days

1087 days

6.0

Squeeze

184 days

722 days

391 days

7.0

Wheezy

308 days

818 days

367 days

8.0

Jessie

171 days

721 days

9.0

Stretch

224 days

784 days

10.0

Buster

185 days

749 days

In the above array, data closely following "current" releasing tendencies have been highlighted in green. What can be deduced from those data is that the "most-typical" Debian release:

  • endures a freeze cycle of 7 +/- 1 months before getting released.

  • is released about 2 years after the previous one (the often cited example of Debian Sarge being quite an exceptional event in Debian history).

  • leaves users about 1 year to upgrade to the next one once this latter itself gets released.

  • has (from release to the end of security updates) a total lifetime of about 3 years.

http://debian.semistable.com/releases.gif

Workflow

Here's a diagram describing how packages flow between archives:

https://salsa.debian.org/debian/package-cycle/raw/master/package-cycle.svg

The above graphic is generated from a dot file in the package-cycle git repository.

See also the various software powering that archive.

Codenames

Releases of the Debian distribution have both traditional version numbers and codenames based on characters from the Pixar/Disney movie "Toy Story" (1995). Sid, as you may recall, was the evil neighbor kid who broke all the toys. Additionally, the codename for the Experimental repository, RC-Buggy, was Andy's toy car, and is a pun on 'Release Critical' and 'Remote Control.'

See also


CategoryRelease