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Written by Ricardo Yanez |
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| In the long version section I explain how I made the Debian Installer CD. | In the long version section I explain how I compiled the custom kernel and how I made the custom Debian Installer CD. |
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| Choose to partition manually, then set the '''bootable flag''' on the root partition, mounted in /. | Choose to partition manually, then set the root partition '''bootable flag''' on. |
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| During GRUB installation, install GRUB in MBR (won't destroy rEFIt, nor any Mac partition). Success with GRUB has been erratic (wonking on this problem). If it fails, install the kernel, as described below, then come back to this step. | Choose to continue without boot loader. |
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| After GRUB installation, just before finishing the installation and rebooting, open a virtual terminal, {{{<ctrl>-<alt>-<f2>}}} for instance, then '{{{chroot /target}}}' and get the [http://debian.calel.org/macpro/linux-image-2.6.20-macpro-amd64_2.4.20_amd64.deb Custom Intel Mac Pro Linux kernel image] (md5sum {{{97e201408b7bd1a5848d6be2f682dbb5}}}). Install it with '{{{dpkg -i}}}'. | Just before finishing the installation, open a virtual terminal, {{{<ctrl>-<alt>-<f2>}}} for instance, and run a shell. Change the root directory with '{{{chroot /target}}}'. |
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| You may have to install {{{initramfs-tools}}} with, '{{{apt-get install initramfs-tools ; apt-get -f install}}}' before installing the kernel, if you made a standard system software installation only with {{{tasksel}}}. | Install {{{grub}}} and {{{initramfs-tools}}} with '{{{apt-get install}}}'. Install GRUB on the first disk drive by running '{{{grub-install /dev/sda}}}'. |
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| I put the custom kernel in a USB key, did '{{{tail -f /var/log/syslog}}}' before inserting it to get the device it attached to, then '{{{chroot /target}}}', mounted the key '{{{mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt}}}' and installed the kernel image '{{{dpkg -i /mnt/linux-image-2.6.20-macpro-amd64_2.4.20_amd64.deb}}}'. If GRUB failed to install, do '{{{update-grub}}}' |
Edit {{{/etc/apt/sources.list}}} and add line, |
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| You may use the network to get the kernel image as well, for example, with {{{wget}}}. | {{{deb http://debian.calel.org/macpro etch main}}} |
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| Go back to the installation terminal, {{{<ctrl>-<alt>-<f1>}}} and finish the installation. If GRUB fails again, close your eyes, ask the installer not to use a bootloader, and finish the installation. | Run '{{{apt-get update}}}' and install the custom kernel, {{{# apt-get install linux-image-2.6.20-macpro-amd64}}} Say no to abort kernel installation. Run {{{update-grub}}} and create {{{/boot/grub/menu.lst}}}. Go back to the installation terminal, {{{<ctrl>-<alt>-<f1>}}} and finish the installation. |
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| After boot, you may want to install the [http://debian.calel.org/macpro/linux-headers-2.6.20-macpro-amd64_2.4.20_amd64.deb Custom Intel Mac Pro Linux kernel headers] (md5sum {{{10faa85348474389be7e81501ff067a3}}}). | After boot, you may want to install the kernel headers, {{{# apt-get install linux-headers-2.6.20-macpro-amd64}}} If you like to make Debian the first boot device, under Mac OS X, edit {{{/efi/refit/refit.conf}}} and uncomment option {{{legacyfirst}}}. If you feel uncomfortable using my custom kernel, compile your own using the mactel-linux patches as described below. |
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| Then a co-worker handed me an Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty server installation CD, which recognized the CD-ROM, mounted the CD, installed the base system, and went all the way to the finish line. After boot, the kernel would not load, though. I read several guides describing some very intricate recipes, which included the need of Live CDs and disk partition utilities. None of these approaches is really necessary, once you realize the only thing they are trying to do is to set the boot flag on the root partition (Why this is necessary beats me). Here is my infinitely simpler recipe: * Install in expert mode * GPT partition type * Flag the root partition as bootable * Install GRUB in MBR (won't destroy rEFIt, nor Mac partition) This may work with other Linux distributions than Ubuntu. |
Then a co-worker handed me an Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty server installation CD, which recognized the CD-ROM, mounted the CD, installed the base system, and went all the way to the finish line. After boot, the kernel would not load, though. I read several guides describing some very intricate recipes, which included the need of Live CDs and disk partition utilities. None of these approaches is really necessary, once you realize the only thing they are trying to do is to set the boot flag on the root partition. |
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| Install the custom kernel. No need to boot it. | Install the custom kernel. No need to boot it in what follows. |
Introduction
This page describes a method to install Debian on Apple Intel Mac Pro computers. It has been tested in two computer systems with a Quad-Core and dual Quad-core Xeon 5300-series "Clovertown" processors.
If you have already tried to install Debian on Intel Mac Pro, you may have noticed the Debian Installer CD boots and allows you to configure the early steps of installation, like language, keyboard, etc. but it doesn't mount the CD-ROM. Eventually, no media is available to continue with the base-system installation.
For the inpatient, the next section explains how to install Debian with a custom Debian Installer mini CD and custom Linux kernel in few steps.
In the long version section I explain how I compiled the custom kernel and how I made the custom Debian Installer CD.
Short-short version
Download the [http://debian.calel.org/macpro/mini.iso Debian Installer Mini CD for Intel Mac Pro] (md5sum 023dadbea2bb5bc064d81b4fc62f184f), burn it to a CD, for example,
$ wodim -v -eject dev=/dev/cdrw -data mini.iso
Being a mini CD, it contains only .udeb packages, no .deb packages. You will need a network connection to install the base system.
Under Mac OS X, install [http://refit.sourceforge.net/ rEFIt], the EFI boot menu for Intel Mac. Easiest is to download the Mac disk image, double click on the icon and run the installer.
Still under Mac OS X, open the CD tray, insert the Debian Installer Mini CD and reboot. In the boot menu choose the penguin CD.
Boot the installer in expert mode. Install as you would in any system.
Choose to partition manually, then set the root partition bootable flag on.
During the installation of the base system, choose 'none' for the kernel to install.
Choose to continue without boot loader.
Just before finishing the installation, open a virtual terminal, <ctrl>-<alt>-<f2> for instance, and run a shell. Change the root directory with 'chroot /target'.
Install grub and initramfs-tools with 'apt-get install'. Install GRUB on the first disk drive by running 'grub-install /dev/sda'.
Edit /etc/apt/sources.list and add line,
deb http://debian.calel.org/macpro etch main
Run 'apt-get update' and install the custom kernel,
# apt-get install linux-image-2.6.20-macpro-amd64
Say no to abort kernel installation.
Run update-grub and create /boot/grub/menu.lst.
Go back to the installation terminal, <ctrl>-<alt>-<f1> and finish the installation.
In the boot menu choose the penguin disk.
After boot, you may want to install the kernel headers,
# apt-get install linux-headers-2.6.20-macpro-amd64
If you like to make Debian the first boot device, under Mac OS X, edit /efi/refit/refit.conf and uncomment option legacyfirst.
If you feel uncomfortable using my custom kernel, compile your own using the mactel-linux patches as described below.
Long version
(This part requires some familiarity with kernel compilation and debian packaging).
I have two 64-bit dual Quad-Core Xeon E5335 "Clovertown" machines at work. One is an HP server, the other an Apple Intel Mac Pro. Both are primarily used to run Monte Carlo simulations in parallel, or otherwise.
I obviously had no trouble installing Debian Etch on the HP server. On the Mac, the first thing one needs to do is to install rEFIt under Mac OS X, open the CD tray to insert the installation CD, boot and choose the penguin.
The Debian installer boots and allows me to configure the early steps of installation, like language, keyboard, but it doesn't mount the CD-ROM. Eventually, no media is available to continue the base-system installation. I tried the standard approaches given in several wikies on the subject, e.g. boot parameters like 'install noapic irqpoll acpi=force', and combinations thereof, but none really helped. I also tried a USB-key installation, only to learn Mac firmware does not support USB-key installations.
Then a co-worker handed me an Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty server installation CD, which recognized the CD-ROM, mounted the CD, installed the base system, and went all the way to the finish line. After boot, the kernel would not load, though. I read several guides describing some very intricate recipes, which included the need of Live CDs and disk partition utilities. None of these approaches is really necessary, once you realize the only thing they are trying to do is to set the boot flag on the root partition.
This exercise made me realize the installer needs to attach the CD-ROM not as ATAPI IDE (ide-cd) as the Debian Installer does, but under SATA (not sure here why, nor if this statement is absolutely true.)
My plan of action was then to compile a custom kernel a la Ubuntu, that attaches the CD-ROM as the hardware requires, then make a new Debian Installer CD with it.
I followed closely the ["DebianInstaller/Modify/CustomKernel"] wiki and the ["DebianInstaller/BuildEtch"] wiki.
In short, kernel 2.6.20 is compiled with the mactel-linux patches, then debian-installer is used to create the mini installation image.
Custom kernel 2.6
I compiled the kernel in the HP server running Debian Etch. I used kernel version 2.6.20, downloaded from kernel.org. Untar the tarball in /usr/src.
Install subversion and get the mactel-linux kernel patches,
# svn co https://mactel-linux.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/mactel-linux mactel-linux
Go to trunk/kernel/mactel-patches-[kernel-version] and apply patches with,
# ./apply /usr/src/[linux-source-directory]
Install kernel-package and libncurses5-dev. Go the the kernel source directory and 'make menuconfig'.
I configured the kernel as generic as possible, plus mactel-linux addenda,
Device Drivers --->
Hardware Monitoring support ---> < > Apple SMC (Motion sensor, light sensor, keyboard backlight) USB support ---> <M> Apple Mac Mini USB IR receiver (built in)
The Apple SMC module failed to compile, so it was unmarked.
This is the [http://debian.calel.org/macpro/config-2.6.20-macpro-amd64 .config] file.
Compile,
# make-kpkg --initrd --append-to-version=-macpro-amd64 --revision=2.4.20 kernel_image kernel_headers
Install the custom kernel. No need to boot it in what follows.
Kernel udebs
I'm repeating here some, if not most, of the ["DebianInstaller/Modify/CustomKernel"] wiki.
Install devscripts and kernel-wedge.
Unpack the source package linux-kernel-di-amd64-2.6,
# apt-get source linux-kernel-di-amd64-2.6
Go to the directory and edit kernel-versions to match the new version, 2.6.20-macpro-amd64. Comment out or delete the existing line.
Check for build dependencies with dpkg-checkbuilddeps, and install dependencies as needed.
If you have a GPG signature you can do 'debchange -i' to edit the changelog with your e-mail address and some comments. The directory name will change, reflecting the new version number. You will have to go to the parent directory, then back into the new directory. You may also want to change the Maintainer: field in debian/control.stub, and define the EMAIL and GNUPGHOME environment variables in the user's .bashrc, then source it.
Build the package with debuild, or 'debuild -rfakeroot' if not root.
If you have no GPG signature, build with 'debuild binary', or 'debuild -rfakeroot binary' if not root instead.
The building may fail due to missing kernel modules. Edit module listings in modules/amd64 needed be. I copied some of the include files into the directory and put a ? at the end of the missing module. See kernel-wedge documentation for more options.
If you have a GPG signature, sign the files.
You should end up with a bunch of udebs in the parent directory.
Debian Installer
Get the source,
# apt-get source debian-installer
Go to directory and check for dependencies.
Edit build/config/amd64.cfg and change KERNELVERSION. Uncomment monolithic image type.
Copy all kernel udebs into build/localudebs.
Go to build/ and build the monolithic image,
# make build_monolithic
The image is placed in dest/monolithic.
Now you have the CD image and the kernel image. Install as described in the short-short version section.
Good luck!