Translation(s): English - Français

The next step will allow you to get a debian live usb with persistence:

Get the iso

Download an iso-hybrid of debian: https://www.debian.org/CD/live/. Copy the iso image to your empty USB stick. All data on it will probably be erased. In the examples below, /dev/sdd is assumed to be the USB stick device. You've got to check your device with e.g. dmesg|tail.

Create additional partitions on the drive

We can use:

Prepare the files

Lets copy files to newly created partitions.

For using FAT partition

Ensure boot flag is set on the first partition. We have to mount the FAT partition, lets mount /dev/sdd1 to /mnt. Then unarchive the iso to /mnt. 

# mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt
# cd /mnt
# 7z x /home/user/iso/debian-live.iso

We need to do some changes on the files. 

# mv isolinux syslinux
# for f in $( grep -FRil "splash quiet" ); do echo $f; LANG=C sed 's/splash quiet/persistence /;s/quiet splash/persistence /' -i $f; done;
# cd syslinux
# rename "s/iso/sys/" iso*
# cd ~
# sync
# umount /dev/sdd1

EXT4 partition with label Persistence

Create a new ext4 partition with label persistence. The label "persistence" is mandatory.

We need to put a conf on the persistence partition. 

# mount /dev/sdd2 /mnt
# cd /mnt
# echo "/ union" > persistence.conf 
# sync
# umount /dev/sdd2