Known users from DebianScience listed in parenthesis. See also ?EducationAstronomy.
Astronomy tools already packaged in Debian
Please add more...
[http://packages.debian.org/stable/misc/cfitsio cfitsio] (FITS data format library)
[http://packages.debian.org/unstable/source/orsa ORSA] (Orbit Reconstruction, Simulation and Analysis)
[http://packages.debian.org/stable/math/pdl pdl] (general plotting and array manipulation, with astronomy and geophysics-friendly features)
[http://packages.debian.org/stable/math/pgplot5 pgplot5] (plotting, with astronomy and geophysics-friendly features)
[http://packages.debian.org/stable/science/stellarium Stellarium] ([http://stellarium.sourceforge.net/ planetarium] with OpenGL support)
[http://packages.debian.org/stable/python/python-scientific Scientific Python] (a collection of Python modules that are useful for scientific computing)
[http://packages.debian.org/stable/science/kstars Kstars] a graphical desktop planetarium for KDE.
[http://packages.debian.org/stable/science/fv Fv] a tool for viewing and editing FITS-format files
[http://packages.debian.org/unstable/kde/celestia Celestia] A real-time visual space simulation
[http://packages.debian.org/gnudatalanguage GDL] Free IDL compatible incremental compiler (not only for astronomers)
[http://packages.debian.org/sextractor sextractor] source extractor for astronomical images
Need porting to sarge
Astronomy tools that would benefit from packaging
[http://www.atnf.csiro.au/computing/software/karma karma] (image viewing & dataset visualization)
[http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/mcalabre/WCS/ wcslib] (FITS world coordinates)
[http://www.stsci.edu/resources/software_hardware/pyraf PyRAF] (a new command language for running IRAF tasks based on python)
[http://panoramix.stsci.edu/~npirzkal/python/pcfitsio/index.html pCFITSIO] (a CFITSIO Python Wrapper to access FITS files under Python)
[http://www.ap-i.net/skychart/index.php?newlang=eng ?SkyCharts]
[http://carma.astro.umd.edu/miriad/ MIRIAD]
[http://archive.eso.org/skycat/ ?SkyCat]
[http://aips2.nrao.edu/docs/aips++.html AIPS++] [http://aips2.nrao.edu/docs/glish/glish.html glish]
[http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/JCMT/ JCMT] [http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/UKIRT/ UKIRT] I had made packages of these for our astronomers, maybe you can use parts of it, http://gnu.ethz.ch/debian/jcmtot/