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~-[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: English-~ ~-[[DebianWiki/EditorGuide#translation|Translation(s)]]: English - [[fr/Daemon|Français]] - [[it/Daemon|Italiano]]-~
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A [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing)|daemon]] is a background process, also known as a service, usually started during the initial boot sequence by [[init]]. Daemons typically run independent of users, waiting for events to occur and providing services. Some common daemons include: A [[WikiPedia:Daemon_(computing)|daemon]], or system service, is a background process usually started during the boot sequence. Daemons typically run independent of users, waiting for events to occur and providing services in response. Some common daemons include:
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 * sshd - listens for and manages incoming [[SSH]] connections
 * [[acpid]] - listens for power management events and triggers scripts based on them)
 * sshd - listens for and manages incoming [[ssh|SSH]] connections
 * [[acpid]] - listens for power management events and executes scripts based on them
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## If your page gets really long, uncomment this Table of Contents
## <<TableOfContents(2)>>
<<TableOfContents>>
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== Daemons under Debian ==
Debian makes use of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init#SysV-style|System V]]-style init scripts for daemon management, allowing daemons to run conditionally, based on the current RunLevel of the computer. For example, a daemon can be configured to run only when the computer is in single-user mode (runlevel 1) or, more commonly, when in multi-user mode (runlevels 2-5). For more information, see RunLevel.
 
== Debian daemon configuration ==
''Note: Many daemons provide essential services to a working Debian installation; others can pose as unnecessary security risks when enabled. Caution should be used whenever managing daemons. When in doubt, refer to the documentation of the daemon itself.''
 
=== Start, stop and reload daemons ===
The easiest way to manually (and temporarily) start, stop or reload a daemon is the run the following in a console or terminal as root:

== Daemon management with systemd ==
Since [[DebianJessie]], [[systemd]] is used to manage daemons.

=== Common daemon control ===
Daemons are controlled with the systemctl command:
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# /etc/init.d/daemonname [stop|start|restart] # systemctl <COMMAND> <NAME>
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Controlling daemons in this manner is temporary and will not survive a reboot. Refer to the next section to manage daemons on a more permanent basis. where NAME is the name of the service or daemon. The most common commands for controlling daemons are:
 * '''start''': starts a service immediately
 * '''stop''': stops a service immediately
 * '''restart''': restarts a service
 * '''reload''': asks a service to reload its configuration
 * '''status''': shows the current status of a service

For instance, the sshd daemon is restarted by
{{{
# systemctl restart ssh
}}}
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The systemctl command is also used to enable or disable the start of a daemon during system boot:
{{{
# systemctl <COMMAND> <NAME>
}}}
where NAME is the name of the service or daemon. The most important commands to enable/disable daemons are:
 * '''enable''': enable service to be started during boot sequence
 * '''disable''': do not start service during boot sequence
 * '''is-enabled''': check if a service is already enabled

Note that the enable/disable commands only affect the system at the next boot. To change the system immediately, use the ''--now'' option. For instance:
{{{
# systemctl --now disable ssh
}}}
will prevent starting sshd at the next boot and stop the daemon immediately.
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== Daemon management with sysvinit ==
Before [[DebianJessie]], [[WikiPedia:Init#SysV-style|System V]]-style init scripts were used for daemon management by default. This allows daemons to operate conditionally, based on the current RunLevel of the computer. For example, a daemon can be configured to run only when the computer is in single-user mode (runlevel 1) or, more commonly, when in multi-user mode (runlevels 2-5). For more information, see [[Init]] and [[RunLevel]].

The [[http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/|Debian Policy Manual]] (sections [[http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys.html#s-sysvinit|9.3]] and [[http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys.html#s9.4|9.4]]) is an excellent resource for better understanding daemon init scripts in Debian.

=== A brief introduction to Debian sysvinit init scripts ===
Daemon init scripts are stored in {{{/etc/init.d/}}} along with the system's other boot-time init scripts.

When a daemon is enabled or disabled, symbolic links targeting the respective init script are created or removed under the various {{{/etc/rc*.d/}}} directories, corresponding to the RunLevel(s) in which the daemon is to run.

Daemon init scripts are treated as configuration files by [[dpkg]]. This means they remain on the system after a package is uninstalled, unless the '{{{purge}}}' option is used.

=== Common daemon controls ===
Most daemon scripts accept a common set of options, which can be passed directly to the script at the command line, for example:
{{{
# service ssh restart
Restarting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd.
}}}
A brief description of the most common options follows:
 * '''start''': start a service
 * '''stop''': stop a service
 * '''restart''': restart a service without reloading its job config file
 * '''reload''': send a SIGHUP signal to running process
 * '''status''': return the status of a service

Starting and stopping daemons in this manner is temporary and will not survive a reboot. Refer to the next section to enable/disable daemons on a permanent basis.

=== Enable/disable daemons ===
''Note: When in doubt, refer to the documentation of the daemon itself.''


To (re)enable/disable a daemon (using the default settings & runlevels) run the following command, where ''<daemon>'' corresponds to the name of the init script as listed in {{{/etc/init.d/}}}:
{{{
# update-rc.d <daemon> enable|disable
}}}

For more detail on what these commands do, refer to the [[DebianMan:8/update-rc.d|update-rc.d manpage]].

For more information on Debian's way of managing and writing init scripts see [[LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot]] and [[LSBInitScripts]].

=== GUI utilities for daemon management ===
Several GUI tools exist to make daemon management even simpler; some popular examples available for Debian include: DebianPkg:rcconf and DebianPkg:sysv-rc-conf.
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 * [[init]]  * [[Init]]
 * [[RunLevel]]
 * manpages: [[DebianMan:5/inittab|inittab]], [[DebianMan:8/init|init]], [[DebianMan:5/rcS|rcS]], [[DebianMan:8/update-rc.d|update-rc.d]], [[DebianMan:8/runlevel|runlevel]], [[DebianMan:8/insserv|insserv]]
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## If this page belongs to an existing Category, add it below.
## CategorySomething | CategoryAnother
CategoryBootProcess

Translation(s): English - Français - Italiano


A daemon, or system service, is a background process usually started during the boot sequence. Daemons typically run independent of users, waiting for events to occur and providing services in response. Some common daemons include:

  • sshd - listens for and manages incoming ?SSH connections

  • acpid - listens for power management events and executes scripts based on them

  • apache - provides a local HTTP web server

Daemon management with systemd

Since DebianJessie, systemd is used to manage daemons.

Common daemon control

Daemons are controlled with the systemctl command:

# systemctl <COMMAND> <NAME>

where NAME is the name of the service or daemon. The most common commands for controlling daemons are:

  • start: starts a service immediately

  • stop: stops a service immediately

  • restart: restarts a service

  • reload: asks a service to reload its configuration

  • status: shows the current status of a service

For instance, the sshd daemon is restarted by

# systemctl restart ssh

Enable/disable daemons

The systemctl command is also used to enable or disable the start of a daemon during system boot:

# systemctl <COMMAND> <NAME>

where NAME is the name of the service or daemon. The most important commands to enable/disable daemons are:

  • enable: enable service to be started during boot sequence

  • disable: do not start service during boot sequence

  • is-enabled: check if a service is already enabled

Note that the enable/disable commands only affect the system at the next boot. To change the system immediately, use the --now option. For instance:

# systemctl --now disable ssh

will prevent starting sshd at the next boot and stop the daemon immediately.

Daemon management with sysvinit

Before DebianJessie, System V-style init scripts were used for daemon management by default. This allows daemons to operate conditionally, based on the current RunLevel of the computer. For example, a daemon can be configured to run only when the computer is in single-user mode (runlevel 1) or, more commonly, when in multi-user mode (runlevels 2-5). For more information, see Init and RunLevel.

The Debian Policy Manual (sections 9.3 and 9.4) is an excellent resource for better understanding daemon init scripts in Debian.

A brief introduction to Debian sysvinit init scripts

Daemon init scripts are stored in /etc/init.d/ along with the system's other boot-time init scripts.

When a daemon is enabled or disabled, symbolic links targeting the respective init script are created or removed under the various /etc/rc*.d/ directories, corresponding to the RunLevel(s) in which the daemon is to run.

Daemon init scripts are treated as configuration files by dpkg. This means they remain on the system after a package is uninstalled, unless the 'purge' option is used.

Common daemon controls

Most daemon scripts accept a common set of options, which can be passed directly to the script at the command line, for example:

# service ssh restart
Restarting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd.

A brief description of the most common options follows:

  • start: start a service

  • stop: stop a service

  • restart: restart a service without reloading its job config file

  • reload: send a SIGHUP signal to running process

  • status: return the status of a service

Starting and stopping daemons in this manner is temporary and will not survive a reboot. Refer to the next section to enable/disable daemons on a permanent basis.

Enable/disable daemons

Note: When in doubt, refer to the documentation of the daemon itself.

To (re)enable/disable a daemon (using the default settings & runlevels) run the following command, where <daemon> corresponds to the name of the init script as listed in /etc/init.d/:

# update-rc.d <daemon> enable|disable

For more detail on what these commands do, refer to the update-rc.d manpage.

For more information on Debian's way of managing and writing init scripts see LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot and LSBInitScripts.

GUI utilities for daemon management

Several GUI tools exist to make daemon management even simpler; some popular examples available for Debian include: rcconf and sysv-rc-conf.

See also


CategoryBootProcess