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== Automatic upgrades == Because the Backports.org repository is deactivated by default, your installed backports won't recieve upgrades automatically. However, you can use ''pinning'' to cause APT to perform automatic upgrades. ''Pinning'' basically means controlling which version of which package is to be selected for installation. (See the [[http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/ch-apt-get.en.html#s-pin|APT HOWTO]] and {{{man apt_preferences}}} for further explanation.) In order to make APT perfom automatic upgrades of installed backports, follow these steps: Open the file {{{/etc/apt/preferences}}} in an editor of your choice and insert the following text: {{{ # APT PINNING PREFERENCES Package: * Pin: release a=lenny-backports Pin-Priority: 200 }}} |
You are running Debian stable, because you prefer the stable Debian tree. It runs great, there is just one problem: The software is a little bit outdated compared to other distributions. That is where backports come in.
Backports are recompiled packages from testing (mostly) and unstable (in a few cases only, e.g. security updates), so they will run without new libraries (wherever it is possible) on a stable Debian distribution. It is recommended to pick out single backports which fit your needs, and not to use all backports available.
Note that this page refers to etch as stable, but you can substitute with lenny for the latest stable (April 2009).
There's a useful comparison of package versions available for backporting to lenny at this page.
Configuring your stable system
Verifying backports
In order to verify the integrity of downloaded backports before installing them, apt needs the Backports.org archive key. The package debian-backports-keyring contains this key. So you should install it first.
Adding the repository
Using Synaptic
- Open Synaptic
- Go to:
Configuration > Repository
- Add this repository:
Using the command line
Become root and open the file /etc/apt/sources.list in your favorite editor:
human@debian:~$ su Password: debian:/home/human# nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Add the following lines:
# Backports.org repository deb http://www.backports.org/debian/ etch-backports main contrib non-free
If you are a free software enthusiast, you might want to remove the contrib and non-free sections. (See Debian sections for details.)
Now that you have added the repository, update apt's cache to include the backports in the list of available packages:
debian:/home/human# aptitude update
Done.
Using backports
Finding backports
There are a several different ways to find out if a backport of a certain Debian package exists. A pretty convenient one is using Debian's web-based package search (packages.debian.org). If you are running Iceweasel, simply use the built-in search plugin (Deb Search).
Installing backports on the command line
The backports repository is deactivated by default. So, if you want to install a backported package, you will have to state that explicitly.
For example:
debian:/home/human# aptitude -t lenny-backports install iceweasel
The -t option here specifies lenny-backports as the target release. This will install Iceweasel 3.5 from Backports.org instead of version 3.0 from the Debian stable release.
Automatic upgrades
Because the Backports.org repository is deactivated by default, your installed backports won't recieve upgrades automatically. However, you can use pinning to cause APT to perform automatic upgrades. Pinning basically means controlling which version of which package is to be selected for installation. (See the APT HOWTO and man apt_preferences for further explanation.)
In order to make APT perfom automatic upgrades of installed backports, follow these steps:
Open the file /etc/apt/preferences in an editor of your choice and insert the following text:
# APT PINNING PREFERENCES Package: * Pin: release a=lenny-backports Pin-Priority: 200
External links
http://www.backports.org for more information
http://doc.cliss21.com/index.php?title=Backports contains information on how to backport packages, as well as some step-by-steps simple examples to start with.
http://svn.madduck.net/pub/bin/debian/bpoprep script automates that process. You need some functions from http://svn.madduck.net/pub/bin/debian/dfunctions.
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