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Reading and following the instructions found in the [[http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes|release notes]] when upgrading to a new major release is '''strongly''' recommended. Once upon a time using 'dist-upgrade' as described below was feasible. It is no longer the recommended practice (unless you are running sid, in which case you should not need to be reading this.) Likewise dist-upgrade is '''not''' necessary for minor release upgrades (e.g. from lenny 5.0.1 to 5.0.2). Upgrading from one stable release to the next (e.g. Lenny to Squeeze) is done by following the [[http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes|release notes]] for your [[http://www.debian.org/ports/|architecture]]. For most people with 32 bit systems that means the [[http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/release-notes/|Release Notes for Intel x86]]. For most with 64 bit systems that means the [[http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/release-notes/|Release Notes for AMD64]].

Using {{{full-upgrade}}} in the regular course of events no longer the recommended practice (unless you are running sid, in which case you should not need to be reading this.)

Minor release upgrades (e.g. from lenny 5.0.1 to 5.0.2) and security updates are done with {{{safe-upgrade}}}.
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Example for upgrading sarge to etch or etch 4.0r1 to 4.0r2 ...etc Example for upgrading from, e.g., etch 4.0r1 to 4.0r2 ...etc., or applying security upgrades:
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# aptitude full-upgrade # aptitude safe-upgrade
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 * Online reference manual (html) : http://algebraicthunk.net/~dburrows/projects/aptitude/doc/en/  * Online reference manual (html) : http://algebraicthunk.net/~dburrows/projects/aptitude/doc/en/  ([[file:///usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/en/index.html|local copy]] available if you have aptitude-doc-en installed)
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 * [[DebianSoftware|Additional Software for Debian Stable]]

Translation(s): English - Español - Français - Italiano

(!) ?Discussion


  • Aptitude is an Ncurses based FrontEnd to Apt, the debian package manager. Since it is text based, it is run from a terminal or a CLI (command line interface). Aptitude has a number of useful features, including:

  • a mutt-like syntax for matching packages in a flexible manner
  • mark packages as "automatically installed" or "manually installed" so that packages can be auto-removed when no longer required

  • colorful preview of actions about to be taken
  • dselect-like persistence of user actions
  • the ability to retrieve and display the Debian changelog of most packages
  • AptCLI-like (= apt-get + apt-cache) command line mode ("aptitude install foo")

  • Score-based and (usually) smarter dependency resolver than apt-get

aptitude is also non-fattening, naturally cleansing, and housebroken. It does not, however, have Super Cow Powers, meaning that it does not implement the moo operation, verbosely or otherwise.

The package is aptitude.

Interactive Use

To run interactively, enter the following from a terminal:

aptitude

After running it, use:

  • F10 to access the menu and use aptitude. This is the main key.
  • ? for help
  • The 'up', 'down', 'left', 'right' keys to navigate.
  • The 'Enter' key to select
  • The '+' or '-' key to install/update or remove a package
  • The 'g' key to preview/confirm actions
  • 'q' to quit – this also closes the currently open window (‘g’ goes forward, ‘q’ goes back)

The common use of aptitude in TUI (text user interface) is; run aptitude; press 'u' (update the lists of available packages); press 'U' (Mark all upgradable packages to be upgraded); (search/select some stuff to install, is optional); press 'g' (to see the pending actions and modify if needed); press 'g' (again, to start the download).

Some time when you need to resolve conflicts, you discover that you made a mistake; you can easily use 'Cancel pending actions' in the 'Actions' menu so that you can re-select.

When reviewing pending actions:

  • 'a' explicitly accepts an action (use again to unaccept)
  • 'r' rejects an action
  • 'g' again goes ahead with pending actions

See Accessing package information for understanding the letters in the package synopsis line (e.g., 'i' means "will be installed", 'p' means "not installed", etc.)

Manual Use

You can also use aptitude like in the same manner as apt-get:

Update the packages list (as Root):

# aptitude update

Upgrade the packages:

# aptitude safe-upgrade

Install foo:

# aptitude install foo

Remove bar:

# aptitude remove bar

Purge foo:

# aptitude purge foo

Personally, I still use apt-cache search foo to perform a search – aptitude search foo is slower. But you should try the aptitude search foo way. You should discover that the output is a bit different from apt-cache, in some case, it may be useful to search for a package to see if it is already installed.

The manual of aptitude is really a gold mine. I don't want to duplicate this useful informations so please take a look there for further help.

How to upgrade your distribution

Upgrading from one stable release to the next (e.g. Lenny to Squeeze) is done by following the release notes for your architecture. For most people with 32 bit systems that means the Release Notes for Intel x86. For most with 64 bit systems that means the Release Notes for AMD64.

Using full-upgrade in the regular course of events no longer the recommended practice (unless you are running sid, in which case you should not need to be reading this.)

Minor release upgrades (e.g. from lenny 5.0.1 to 5.0.2) and security updates are done with safe-upgrade.

  • Find out current version of Debian that you are running:

$ cat /etc/debian_version

Example for upgrading from, e.g., etch 4.0r1 to 4.0r2 ...etc., or applying security upgrades:

# aptitude update
# aptitude safe-upgrade

apt-get to aptitude

Action

apt-get command

aptitude command

Install foo

apt-get install foo

aptitude install foo

Search foo

apt-cache search foo

aptitude search foo

Remove foo

apt-get remove foo

aptitude remove foo

List reverse dependencies

apt-cache rdepends foo

aptitude search ~Dfoo

Print information on priorities for foo

apt-cache policy foo

aptitude versions foo

Download foo's sources and build a binary .deb package

apt-get source --compile foo

?

See Also

and ... apt.conf, preferences, sources.list, Aptitude::Parse-Description-Bullets=true, AptitudeTodo


  • ?CategoryQuickPackageManagement