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LTSP How To

Upstream documentation with official, detailed information about installing LTSP is at http://wiki.ltsp.org/wiki/LTSPedia.

Installing LTSP on Lenny

1. If you want a complete LTSP server with all the bells and whistles:

   apt-get install ltsp-server-standalone

   If you want more fine-grained control, splitting some services off to separate servers, you can install ltsp-server instead, and manually install each of the other services.

   (you can also get backported packages for lenny: LTSP/Howto/Lenny-With-Backports)

2. Build the LTSP client environment:

   ltsp-build-client

ltsp-build-client uses the Internet to fetch packages.

In case you got backported packages at step 1., it is strongly recommended to use backports packages too to build client, or you may have incompatibilities (bad ldm version, login failed...). Please, use the following command:

 ltsp-build-client \
  --backports-mirror "http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports" \
  --apt-key /etc/apt/trusted.gpg

(details: LTSP/Howto/Lenny-With-Backports)

In case your thin clients are old, please use the following parameter:

 ltsp-build-client \
  --arch i386

In case you have a slow Internet connection or want to use Local DVDs of Debian. Please use the following command:

ltsp-build-client --mirror file://mnt/Debian_Lenny_Bluray_Image.img --security-mirror none --accept-unsigned-packages

Since the ltsp-build-client uses more than one Debian DVD you would need to build a BluRay Image using the jigdo template of BluRay Disc. This Image location can be passed as the argument. The security-mirror-none option prevents updates from being downloaded. The accept-unsigned-packages allows the building to go on even using unsigned packages.

• If you're installing a different Debian distribution than what's on the server, you will need to specify the --dist xxx commandline option. where xxx is your Debian distribution (e.g. lenny, squeeze). See /usr/share/debootstrap/scripts/ and the Debootstrap page.
  ltsp-build-client will download a complete Debian filesystem into /opt/ltsp/i386 (or specify an alternate location with --base) and install the ltsp-client and ldm packages (the LTSP Display Manager). Typically, you will need a desktop environment like Gnome or Xfce, or a window manager such as icewm installed on the server (NOT in the chroot).

  If you change the IP data after you have done the initial setup, run ltsp-update-sshkeys on the server. The files the client will boot are installed on the server into /var/lib/tftpboot.

• Configure /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf and /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf: Edit /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf to adapt to your network. See examples in /usr/share/doc/ltsp-server/examples/dhcpd.conf as a reference.

  Include the LTSP dhcpd.conf at the bottom of /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf:

  include "/etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf";

  Take care at the next-server line, which specify the IP address of the TFTP server. Restart dhcp3-server:

  invoke-rc.d dhcp3-server restart

  Alternately, configure /etc/dnsmasq.conf. See the example in /usr/share/doc/ltsp-server/examples/dhcpd-dnsmasq and adapt to your network.

  Restart dnsmasq:

  invoke-rc.d dnsmasq restart

• Configure /etc/exports:

  /opt/ltsp *(ro,no_root_squash,async,no_subtree_check)

  Restart nfs-kernel-server:

  invoke-rc.d nfs-kernel-server restart

  Now make sure that portmap is not started on the loopback interface only. Look into /etc/default/portmap and verify that there is no line saying

  OPTIONS="-i 127.0.0.1"

  If there is such a line, comment it out by prepending a # character and restart portmap by:

  invoke-rc.d portmap restart

• Start tftpd. By default, tftpd-hpa is started from inetd. you may need to restart inetd after installing tftpd-hpa:

  invoke-rc.d openbsd-inetd restart

  Alternately, edit /etc/default/tftpd-hpa to have tftpd-hpa start on its own:

  RUN_DAEMON="yes"

  Then, comment the tftpd entry in /etc/inetd.conf:

  #tftp           dgram   udp     wait    root  /usr/sbin/in.tftpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd -s /var/lib/tftpboot

  Restart inetd:

  invoke-rc.d openbsd-inetd restart

  and restart tftpd-hpa:

  invoke-rc.d tftpd-hpa restart

• Boot a PXE or Etherboot capable machine and enjoy. Note that some older versions of etherboot do not support ELF images, and may not work without additional configuration.

Customizations in the chroot

Two important configuration files inside the client are /var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/lts.conf (or /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/lts.conf for NFS) and /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/default/ltsp-client-setup. See the examples in /opt/ltsp/i386/usr/share/doc/ltsp-client*.

See also see the Edubuntu wiki http://doc.ubuntu.com/edubuntu/edubuntu/handbook/C/customizing-thin-client.html (note: Debian LTSP still uses NFS by default).