Applications to satisfy the Initial set of requirements and the ongoing list discussions. No software is written from scratch.
Debian. See Build an SD card image for the DreamPlug and Freedom Maker, BDale Garby's Debian OS image builder
FreedomBuddy, service negotiation
inadyn, dynamic DNS client
Plinth, web interface
SD card image, ready-made software for the DreamPlug
shorewall, iptables rules builder
Tahoe-LAFS, file transfer and storage
Tor, anonymous communication